ICapelin yaziwa kabanzi ngokunambitheka kwayo. Kungaba nzima ukuthola umuntu ongambonanga okungenani kanye emashalofini ezitolo efriziwe noma efakwe usawoti. Izitsha eziningi ezimnandi nezingukudla zingalungiswa kule nhlanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kokuthi i-capelin imnandi futhi inempilo, inezimfanelo eziningi ezinhle. Emva kwakho konke lokhu, uma uthi nhlá, inhlanzi ejwayelekile enjalo, empeleni, ingahle ibe nentshisekelo hhayi kuphela kumbono wokupheka.
Incazelo ye-capelin
UCapelin uyinhlanzi esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo yomndeni we-smelt, yona, engeyesigaba esikhishwe ngemisebe. inhlanzi. Igama layo livela egameni lesiFinnish elithi "maiva", cishe elihunyushwe ngokuthi "inhlanzi encane" futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, likhombisa ubukhulu bayo.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
ICapelin ayinakubizwa ngokuthi inkulu: ubude bomzimba wayo buba ngu-15 kuye ku-25 cm ubude, futhi isisindo sayo asikwazi neze ukudlula amagremu angama-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisindo sabesilisa nosayizi wabo singaba sikhulu ngaphezudlwana kwesabesifazane.
Umzimba wayo uthanjisiwe kancane bese uhlangane.Ikhanda lincane, kepha umlomo osikiwe kule nhlanzi ubanzi kakhulu. Amathambo maxillary abamele lezi zinhlobo afinyelela maphakathi kwamehlo. Amazinyo alezi zinhlanzi aphakathi nendawo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye maningi, futhi futhi, abukhali kakhulu futhi akhule kahle ngokwanele.
Izikali zincane kakhulu, azibonakali neze. Amaphiko emhlane ahlehliselwa emuva futhi acishe amise okwedayimane. Amaphiko e-pectoral, abonakala ngathi afushaniswe kancane phezulu futhi ayindilinga phansi konxantathu, atholakala kubamele lolu hlobo eduze kwekhanda, ezinhlangothini zalo.
Isici sale nhlanzi amaphiko aso, njengokungathi asikwe ngomngcele omnyama, ngenxa yokuthi "angabalwa" kalula phakathi kwakho konke okunye okubanjwayo.
Umbala womzimba oyinhloko we-capelin u-silvery. Ngasikhathi sinye, umhlane wakhe unombala onsundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani, nesisu sakhe - emthunzini omhlophe okhanyayo osasiliva onamabala amancane ansundu.
I-Caudal fin incane, icubungula cishe uhhafu wobude bayo. Kulokhu, i-notch on the fin kubamele balezi zinhlobo yakha i-engela elicishe lilungile, uma uyibuka kancane ohlangothini.
Umehluko wobulili ku-capelin uvezwe kahle. Abesilisa bakhulu, ngokungeziwe, amaphiko abo ayinde ngokwedlulele, nezifinyiso zawo zibukhali kancanyana kunezabesifazane. Ngaphambi kokuzala, baba nezikali ezikhethekile ezibukeka njengezinwele futhi zakhe uhlobo lwebristle ezinhlangothini zesisu. Ngokusobala, abesilisa be-capelin badinga lezi zikali ukuze basondelane nabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Kungenxa yalezi zikali ezinjenge-bristle, ezisemaceleni omzimba womzimba wesilisa walolu hlobo, okwenza i-capelin ibizwa ngokuthi ngumfundisi eFrance.
Indlela yokuphila kaCapelin
ICapelin iyinhlanzi yokufunda isolwandle ehlala ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zamanzi ezindaweni ezibandayo. Imvamisa, izama ukunamathela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300 kuye kwangama-700. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuzala, ingasondela ogwini futhi kwesinye isikhathi ize ibhukude iye emigodini yemifula.
Abamele lolu hlobo bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi olwandle, benza ukufuduka kwezinkathi ezinde kakhulu ehlobo nasekwindla befuna isisekelo sokudla esicebile. Isibonelo, i-capelin ehlala oLwandle iBarents nasogwini lwase-Iceland yenza ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile ngezikhathi ezimbili: ebusika nasentwasahlobo, iya ogwini lwaseNyakatho yeNorway naseKola Peninsula ukuze ibeke amaqanda. Futhi ehlobo nasekwindla, le nhlanzi ifudukela ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ifuna isisekelo sokudla. Abantu base-Icelandic capelin basondela ngasogwini entwasahlobo, lapho bezalela khona, kuthi ehlobo badlulele endaweni eneplankton ephakathi kwe-Iceland, iGreenland neJan Mayen Island, engeyeNorway, kepha itholakala cishe nge-1000 km entshonalanga yayo.
Ukufuduka kwesizini kwe-capelin kuhlotshaniswa nemisinga yolwandle: izinhlanzi zilandela lapho zihamba khona nalapho zithwala khona iplankton, i-capelin ezondla ngayo.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani uCapelin
Isikhathi sokuphila kwale nhlanzi encane cishe siyiminyaka eyishumi, kepha abamele abaningi bale nhlobo bafa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-Atlantic capelin ihlala emanzini ase-Arctic nase-Atlantic. Ingatholakala eDavis Strait, kanye nasogwini lweNhlonhlo YaseLabrador. Ihlala futhi emachwebeni aseNorway, eduze nogu lwaseGreenland, eChukchi, eWhite naseKartsev Seas. Kwenzeka emanzini oLwandle iBarents nolwandle iLaptev.
Inani labantu basePacific lale nhlanzi lihlala emanzini aseNyakatho Pacific Ocean, indawo esatshalaliswa kuyo eNingizimu ilinganiselwe esiQhingini saseVancouver nasogwini lwaseKorea. Izikole ezinkulu zale nhlanzi zitholakala olwandle i-Okhotsk, iJapan kanye neBering. I-Pacific capelin ithanda ukuzala eduze kwamaphethelo e-Alaska naseBritish Columbia.
UCapelin uhlala emihlambini emincane, kepha ngesikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi yokuzalela, ihlangana ezikoleni ezinkulu ukuze bonke bakwazi ukunqoba umsebenzi onzima noyingozi ezindaweni lapho lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukuzala khona.
Ukudla kukaCapelin
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, i-capelin iyisidalwa esisebenzayo, okufakazelwa ngokungaqondakali ngamazinyo aso amancane, kodwa abukhali. Ukudla kwalolu hlobo kususelwa kumaqanda enhlanzi, i-zooplankton, kanye nezibungu ze-shrimp. Iphinde idle ama-crustaceans amancane nezibungu zasolwandle. Njengoba le nhlanzi ihamba kakhulu, idinga amandla amaningi ukuze igcwalise amandla asetshenziselwe ukufuduka noma ukufuna ukudla. Yingakho i-capelin, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi, ingayeki ukondla ngisho nasenkathini ebandayo.
Njengoba le nhlanzi idla ama-crustaceans amancane ayingxenye ye-plankton, iyinhlobo encintisana ne-herring ne-salmon encane, okudliwayo kwayo futhi kusekelwe kwi-plankton.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokuzala se-capelin sincike kusiphi isigaba sobubanzi baso esihlala kuso. Ngakho-ke, ngezinhlanzi ezihlala entshonalanga ye-Atlantic nePacific Ocean, isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala entwasahlobo futhi siqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. Ezinhlanzi ezihlala empumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, isikhathi sokuzala siyaqhubeka ekwindla. Kepha i-capelin, ehlala emanzini asengxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Pacific Ocean, kufanele izale ekwindla, ngakho-ke idinga ukuba nesikhathi hhayi kuphela sokubeka amaqanda ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sasebusika, kepha futhi nokukhulisa inzalo. Kodwa-ke, ukusho ukuthi "khula" akulungile kancane. I-capelin ayikhombisi ukukhathazeka ngenzalo yayo futhi, ngemuva kokuqothula amaqanda, isuka ibuyele emuva, ngokusobala, icabanga nokuthi, seyikhohliwe ngamaqanda abekiwe.
Ngaphambi kokushiya ukuzala, izikole ezincane zalezi zinhlanzi ziqala ukuhlangana ezikoleni ezinkulu, lapho inani lazo lingafinyelela kubantu abayizigidi eziningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufuduka kuqala ezindaweni lapho, ngokuvamile, abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi luzala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulandela i-capelin kuhamba uhambo olude futhi lezo zilwane ezakha isisekelo sendawo yokudla. Phakathi kwazo kunezimpawu, ama-gull, i-cod. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwalokhu "okuhambisana" ne-capelin, ungathola nemikhomo, nayo engakuphikisi ukuba nesidlwana nale nhlanzi encane.
Kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sezulu esibi, amagagasi azulazula olwandle aphonsa amashumi ezinkulungwane zezinhlanzi ogwini, eya ukuzala, ukuze amakhilomitha amaningi ogwini ambozwe yi-capelin. Lesi senzakalo singabonakala kakhulu eMpumalanga Ekude nasogwini lwaseCanada.
UCapelin uzalela emabhange esihlabathi avulekile. Futhi, njengomthetho, ukhetha ukukwenza ekujuleni okujulile. Isimo esiyinhloko esidingekayo ekukhiqizeni ngempumelelo nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi amaqanda abekwa insikazi azoqala ukukhula ngokuphepha ukuthi amanzi aqukethe inani elanele lomoya-mpilo, futhi izinga lokushisa kwalo lingama-3-2 degrees.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuze kukhuliswe ngempumelelo amaqanda, i-capelin yesifazane ayidingi eyodwa, kodwa abesilisa ababili, abahamba naye ukuya endaweni yokuzala, begcina ngasikhathi sinye ezinhlangothini zombili zomuntu amkhethile.
Sebefikile kule ndawo, bobabili abesilisa bamba izimbobo ezincane esihlabathini ngemisila yabo, lapho insikazi izalela khona amaqanda, anamathele kangangokuba acishe anamathele phansi ezansi. Ububanzi bawo bungu-0.5-1.2 mm, futhi inombolo, ngokuya ngezimo zokuphila, ingahle ibe izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-36.5. Imvamisa, kukhona amaqanda ayi-1,5 - 12 ayizinkulungwane ku-clutch eyodwa.
Ngemuva kokuzala, izinhlanzi ezindala zibuyela endaweni yazo ejwayelekile. Kepha bambalwa kuphela babo abazoya lapho kuzalwa khona okulandelayo.
Izibungu zeCapelin zichanyuselwa cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-28 ngemuva kokubekwa kwamaqanda. Mancane futhi alula kangangokuba umsinga uwayisa olwandle ngokushesha. Lapho, zingakhula zibe abantu abadala, noma zife, ziba yizisulu zezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye.
Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka olandelayo, kepha abesilisa bayakwazi ukuzala beneminyaka eyi-14-15 izinyanga.
Izitha zemvelo
Lezi zinhlanzi zinezitha eziningi olwandle. ICapelin iyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwezilwane eziningi zasolwandle ezifana ne-cod, i-mackerel ne-squid. Ungakhathazeki ngokudla i-capelin nezimpawu, imikhomo, imikhomo ebulalayo, kanye nezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Ubuningi be-capelin emanzini asogwini kuyinto edingekayo ukuze kube khona izindawo eziningi ezizalela izinyoni e-Kola Peninsula.
Inani lokuhweba
ICapelin sekuyisikhathi eside iyinto yokudoba futhi ibilokhu ibanjwa ezindaweni zayo eziningi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kusukela cishe maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, isilinganiso sokubanjwa kwale nhlanzi sifinyelele ezilinganisweni ezingakholeki. Abaholi ekubanjweni kwe-capelin njengamanje yiNorway, iRussia, i-Iceland neCanada.
Ngo-2012, umhlaba wabanjwa i-capelin waba ngaphezu kwamathani ayisigidi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezincane ezineminyaka engu-1-3 ubudala, ubude bazo busuka ku-11 kuye ku-19 cm, kuyabanjwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Yize i-capelin kungesona isilwane esivikelwe, amazwe amaningi asebenza kanzima ukukhuphula inani lawo. Ngokukhethekile, kusukela ngawo-1980, amazwe amaningi asungule izilinganiso zokubanjwa kwale nhlanzi. Njengamanje, i-capelin ayinaso nesimo sokongiwa kwemvelo, ngoba inani labantu bakhona likhulu kakhulu futhi kunzima ngisho nokulinganisa inani lemihlambi yalo emikhulu.
ICapelin ayigcini nje ngokuba nenani elikhulu lezentengiselwano, kepha futhi iyinto edingekayo enhlalakahleni yezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, okuyisisekelo sokudla okuyikho. Njengamanje, inani lale nhlanzi liphakeme njalo, kepha isilinganiso esikhulu sokubamba kwayo, kanye nokufa okuvamile kwe-capelin ngesikhathi sokufuduka, kuthinta kakhulu inani labantu balezi zinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengezinye izimpilo zasolwandle, i-capelin incike kakhulu ezimweni zendawo yokuhlala yayo, engathinti nje kuphela izinga lempilo lalezi zinhlanzi, kodwa futhi nenani lenzalo. Inani labantu balezi zinhlanzi lihluka ngokungalingani unyaka nonyaka, ngakho-ke, ukuze kwandiswe inani labantu base-capelin, imizamo yabantu kufanele ihlose ukudala izimo ezithandekayo zokuba khona kwayo nokuzala kwayo.
