Izimfudu - esinye sezakhamuzi ezindala kule planethi yethu, ababona hhayi kuphela ukufa izibankwakazi, kodwa futhi ukubukeka kwabo. Iningi lalezi zidalwa ezihlomile zinokuthula futhi azinabungozi. Kepha kukhona nabantu abanolaka phakathi kwezimfudu. Enye yezinhlobo ezikwazi ukukhombisa ulaka yi-cayman noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi eMelika, ufudu olulumayo.
Incazelo yofudu oluqhwakayo
Ufudu oluqhekekayo luyisilwane esinwabuzelayo esikhulu esivela emndenini wegama elifanayo, nalo, elingelase-suborder of turent-neck turtles. Izihlobo zakhe eziseduze yizinkumbi nezimfudu ezinamakhanda amakhulu.
Ukubukeka
Ubude bomzimba walezi zilwane busuka ku-20 kuye ku-47 cm... Isisindo sezimfudu eziqhekekayo singafinyelela kuma-15 noma ngisho nama-30 kilograms, kodwa-ke, ikakhulukazi abantu abakhulu kakhulu abavamile ukutholakala phakathi kwabamele lolu hlobo. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zimfudu zinesisindo esisuka ku-4.5 kuye ku-16 kg. Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sibukeka sihlaba umxhwele: sinomzimba oyisidlakela onezidladla ezinamandla futhi eziqinile, kodwa ikhanda, kunalokho, likhulu ngokulingene, cishe liyindilinga ngokuma. Amehlo, agudluke cishe onqenqemeni lwesifonyo, mancane kepha avelele. Amakhala nawo mancane futhi awabonakali kangako.
Kodwa imihlathi yofudu oluqhaqhile inamandla ngendlela eyisimanga futhi inamandla. Siyababonga, lesi silwane singakwazi ukubamba futhi sibambe isisulu saso, kuthi emihlathini efanayo sibangele amanxeba amabi kulowo owake wasihlokoloza noma wasihlasela. Okuphezulu kwegobolondo lofudu lwe-cayman kunsundu emnyama futhi kwakha imigqa emithathu yama-keels, okwenza kubonakale sengathi ihlukaniswe imivimbo emithathu yokusiza. Kulokhu, ingaphezulu lemivimbo lenza indawo eyisicaba eqonde phezulu phezulu kwegobolondo ngendlela yesikhulumi esincane ngobubanzi.
Ingxenye engenhla ye-carapace yalesi silwane esihuquzelayo ivame ukumbozwa ngodaka, udaka, futhi imvamisa amakoloni agcwele amagobolondo ahlala kuso. Lokhu kusiza ufudu ukuba luzingele, ludale ukufihla okwengeziwe ngalo. Lapho ufudu oluqhekekayo lulele ezansi, lufihlwe odakeni, sekuvele kube nzima ukuluqaphela, futhi lapho, ngaphezu kwalokho, igobolondo lalo limbozwe ngengubo eluhlaza yodaka ukufanisa ulwelwe, futhi amagobolondo amaningi ezinhlanzi ezincane ayabonakala egobolondweni, lapho-ke awukwazi ngisho nokukubona , njengoba besho, khomba-blank. Ingxenye engezansi yegobolondo incane, i-cruciform.
Ngemuva, onqenqemeni lwegobolondo, ufudu oluqhekekayo lunamaphrosesa asezingeni lamazinyo asezingeni ayizindilinga. Umsila mude futhi unemisipha; ubude bayo okungenani bunguhhafu womzimba wesilwane. Ijiyile futhi inkulu esisekelweni, iqine kakhulu futhi icijile ngasekugcineni. Ngaphezulu, umsila umbozwe izikali eziningi zamathambo ezinamaphiko. Ekhanda nasentanyeni kukhona nezikali ezime ngameva, nokho, zincane kunomsila. Imilenze yalesi silwane esinwabuzelayo ifana ngokubonakalayo nemilenze yendlovu: enamandla afanayo nangesimo afana nezinsika eziwugqinsi, lapho kuhlala khona umzimba omkhulu negobolondo, hhayi elikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Emvelweni wemvelo, kungatholakali ukutholakala kwabantu balolu hlobo olungaba nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-14 kg. Kepha ekuthunjweni, ngenxa yokweqisa ngokweqile ngezikhathi ezithile, ezinye izimfudu eziqhumayo zifinyelela isisindo esingama-30 kg noma ngaphezulu.
Lolu hlobo lwesirhubuluzi lunezinzipho ezinamandla kakhulu nezinamandla. Kepha ufudu oluqhekekayo aluzisebenzisi noma yikuphi ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, noma, ikakhulukazi, njengesikhali sokuhlasela. Ngosizo lwabo, umba nje noma isihlabathi, futhi kuyaqabukela ephethe inyamazane asibambile. Umbala womzimba uphuzi ngokumpunga, uvame ukuba nombala onsundu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhanda, kanye nengxenye ephezulu yentamo, umzimba, izidladla nomsila, kupendwe ngamathoni amnyama, kanti ngezansi kukhanya, kuphuzi.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ufudu oluqhekekayo luhola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, futhi lusebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi emanzini. Ungahlangana nalezi zilwane kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuNovemba, lapho sezisebenza. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokumelana kwawo namakhaza, lezi zimfudu zingahamba ngaphansi kweqhwa nasebusika futhi zikhase kulo uma kudingeka.
Izimfudu eziqhwakayo ziyakuthanda ukuphumula, zilele phansi ekujuleni, zigcwele udaka futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zikhipha ikhanda lazo emanzini entanyeni ende ukuze zithathe umoya opholile. Azikhuphukeli phezulu echibini kaningi, zikhetha ukuhlala ezansi. Kepha ogwini, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyabonakala kaningi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi lapho ziphumela emhlabathini ukuze zizalele amaqanda.
Ebusika, izimfudu ezihlwitha zichitha ezansi echibini, zigobhoza zibe udaka futhi zicashe phakathi kwezimila zasemanzini. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokumangazayo, abantu balolu hlobo, abahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zohlobo lwabo, kungenzeka bangaphefumuli nhlobo ngenkathi iqhwa lisemfuleni noma echibini. Ngalesi sikhathi, bathola umoya-mpilo ngokuphefumula okwenziwa ngamaphaphu.
Ngokuvamile lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi entwasahlobo ufudu une-hypoxia, okungukuthi, ukushoda komoya-mpilo emzimbeni. Emhlabeni, lezi zilwane zingahamba amabanga amade lapho zidinga ukuthuthela kwelinye iqhwa lamanzi noma ufudu luthola indawo elula yokubeka amaqanda.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ososayensi ngenkathi kwenziwa ucwaningo bathole ukuthi izimfudu eziqhwakayo ziyakwazi ukuzwa amandla kazibuthe womhlaba, ngenxa yokuthi angaziqondisa kahle emkhathini futhi angaphambuki emzileni awukhethile.
Ufudu oluqhwakayo lubonisa ubudlova kuphela lapho kunesidingo: lungaluma uma lubanjiwe noma luhlanjalazwa, kepha, imvamisa, aluzihlaseli lona kuqala ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ngasikhathi sinye, isilwane siphonsa ikhanda laso phambili ngokunyakaza okucijile, futhi okokuqala sixwayisa isitha esingaba khona ngokuhayiza okwesabekayo nangokuchofoza emihlathini yaso. Uma engahambi, i-reptile isivele isiluma ngokweqiniso.
Ufudu oluqhekekayo ngokuvamile aluthathi hlangothi kubantu, luthatha isikhundla sokuqapha futhi luqaphe eduze izenzo zalo.... Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kungakhombisa ilukuluku, isibonelo, kumuntu ogeza. Kuyenzeka ukuthi lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zibhukude ziye kubantu bese zifinya isifonyo ezinyaweni zazo. Uma umuntu esaba futhi eqala ukwenza umsindo, khona-ke isilwane singasaba futhi sikhombise nolaka, sinqume ukuthi umuntu ongamazi uyamsongela. Uma lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sihlala ekuthunjweni, asizizwa sithanda umnikazi waso, futhi kwesinye isikhathi singaba nolaka kuye, yize abathandi abagcina ezindaweni zabo zasekhaya bephawula ukuthi izimfudu eziqhumayo ziyalalela futhi funda ukwenza amaqhinga alula.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemvelo yabo ezimele futhi esolisayo, ukuqhuma kwezimfudu kungaluma kalula ngisho nomnikazi wazo uma kubonakala kubo ukuthi isenzo somnikazi sigcwele usongo kubo. Lapho kugcinwa lezi zilwane, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ufudu oluqhekekayo lunentamo ende kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo kanye nokusabela okuhle kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi lungaphonsa ikhanda lalo ngaphansi kwegobolondo ngejubane lombani ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuthi sithathe lesi silwane esihuquzelayo ngokungadingekile.
Ziphila isikhathi esingakanani izimfudu?
Endaweni yazo engokwemvelo, izimfudu eziqhwakayo zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-100, kepha lapho zithunjiwe, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ngokuvamile zihlala cishe iminyaka engama-60 kuphela. Okokugcina, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukudala izimo ezifanele kakhulu kubo ezindaweni zasekhaya, ngoba lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zidinga ukugcina umbuso othile wokushisa. Futhi ukondla ngokweqile kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo, okuvame ukuvela ekuthunjweni, nakho akunikeli empilweni ende yezimfudu ze-cayman.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesilisa balezi zinhlobo bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi cishe zonke izimfudu eziqhwakayo ezinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-10 kg ngabesilisa asebekhulile.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ufudu oluqhekekayo luvela ezifundazweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada nasezifundazweni ezisempumalanga nasenkabeni ye-United States. Phambilini, bekukholelwa ukuthi zitholakala eningizimu - kuze kufike eColombia nase-Ecuador. Kepha njengamanje, inani lezimfudu ezifana ne-cayman futhi elihlala eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu lehlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene.
Imvamisa, ihlala emachibini, emifuleni noma emachibini anezimila zasemanzini nangaphansi okunodaka lapho ithanda ukuzingcwaba khona nalapho ilinda khona ubusika. Abanye abantu batholakala emanzini anosawoti emlonyeni wemifula.
Ukudla kofudu lweCayman
Lesi silwane esidla izinambuzane sondla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, izinhlanzi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, kanye nezinye izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, ngisho nezinyoka nezimfudu ezincane zezinye izinhlobo. Bangakwazi, kwesinye isikhathi, ukubamba inyoni engaqaphile noma isilwane esincelisayo esincane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ufudu luvamise ukuqamekela inyamazane yalo, lucashile, kuthi lapho lusondela, luyibambe ngokushesha ngemihlathi yayo enamandla.
Izimfudu eziqhekekayo nazo azikudeleli ukubola kwesidumbu nezimila zasemanzini, yize zingeyona ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwazo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Kuqhuma izimfudu entwasahlobo, kuthi ngoJuni insikazi iye ogwini ukuze imbe umgodi ojule ngamasentimitha ayi-15 buqamama nolwandle bese ibeka amaqanda ayindilinga angama-20 kuye kwangama-80 kuwo. Ngosizo lwemilenze yangemuva enamandla, insikazi ingcwaba amaqanda esihlabathini, lapho ihlala khona kusuka emavikini ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwangu-18. Uma indawo efanelekayo yokwakha izidleke ingatholakali eduzane, ufudu lwensikazi oludwengula lungahamba ibanga elide ezweni lifuna indawo lapho lungamba khona ukucindezeleka emhlabathini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, ngokwesibonelo, eCanada, ufudu oluqothula izingane alusishiyi isidleke kuze kube sentwasahlobo, kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, izingane zichanyuselwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2-3.
Usayizi wezimfudu ezisanda kuchanyuselwa ungaba ngu-3 cm futhi, ngokuthakazelisayo, lezi zimvuthu ziyakwazi ukuluma, yize kungenamandla amakhulu njengabantu abadala. Ngokuyinhloko, izimfudu ezincane eziqwengayo, esikhathini esithile ngemuva kokuzalwa kwazo, zidla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezinesisindo esiphakathi nendawo nohlaza. Njengoba amawundlu ekhula, aqala ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu, ngaleyo ndlela enweba kancane kancane indlela adla ngayo futhi akusondeze kuleyo yabantu abadala bohlobo lwazo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi insikazi ayidingi ngisho ukugcwala futhi ukuze izale amaqanda ngonyaka olandelayo: ingakwenza lokhu kanye njalo eminyakeni eminingana.
Izitha zemvelo
Kukholakala ukuthi ufudu oluqhwakayo lunezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso. Abantu abadala balezi zinhlobo, empeleni, bangasongelwa yizilwane ezimbalwa kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, i-coyote, ibhere elimnyama laseMelika, i-alligator, kanye nesihlobo esiseduze kofudu oluqhwashazayo - ufudu lwenqe. Kepha kumaqanda awabekele yena kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisencane, amagwababa, iminki, oxhaka, izimpungushe, o-raccoon, izindwandwe, ama-bitterns, oklebe, izikhova, ama-martens okudoba, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, izinyoka ngisho namaxoxo amakhulu ziyingozi. Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi ama-otter aseCanada angazingela ngisho nezimfudu ezindala ezihlwitha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimfudu ezindala ezihlwitha, ezifinyelele osayizi abakhulu kakhulu, kuyaqabukela kube yinto yokuhlaselwa yizilwane ezidlayo, ngakho-ke ukufa kwabantu ngokwemvelo kuphansi kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ufudu oluqhaqhazelayo njengamanje lubhekwa njengohlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi seluklonyeliswe ngezinga elincane lokukhathazeka.... Kodwa-ke, eCanada, lolu hlobo luvikelwe ngoba indawo yokuhlala yezimfudu eziqhekekayo itholakala kalula ekungcoleni futhi ingathinteka kakhulu yizici ze-anthropogenic noma zemvelo. Ufudu oluqhekekayo luyisilwane esithokozisayo nesikhethekile. Ngaphandle kokuthi lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo lubhekwa njengolulaka, luhlasela kuphela uma kunosongo, bese kuthi ngaphambi kokuhlasela isitha, luzame ukuluxwayisa ngokuhayiza nangokulingisa okubonakalayo kokulunywa.
Kodwa-ke, eMelika, abantu bayazesaba lezi zilwane futhi akuvamile ukuthi babhukude emanzini lapho kuhlala khona izimfudu. Kepha, naphezu kwalokhu, abathandi abaningi bezilwane ezingajwayelekile babheka njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezithokozisayo futhi bayakujabulela ukugcina lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ekhaya ezindaweni ezingaphandle komhlaba.
