I-walrus (i-Odobenus rosmarus) isilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle, okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo esezikhona zomndeni we-walrus (i-Odobenidae) neqembu le-Pinnipedia. Ama-walrus abantu abadala abonakala kalula ngamazinyo abo amakhulu futhi avelele, futhi ngokobukhulu phakathi kwamaphini, isilwane esinjalo silandela kuphela izimvu zamanzi zendlovu.
Incazelo ye-walrus Atlantic
Isilwane esikhulu sasolwandle sinesikhumba esijiyile kakhulu... Ama-canine aphezulu ama-walrus athuthuke ngokwedlulele, ahlukaniswe futhi aqondiswe phansi. Isifonyo esibanzi sibanzi sihlezi siqinile futhi siqinile, sinamabhande amadevu athambile (vibrissae). Inani lamadevu anjalo emlonyeni ophezulu kaningi liyizingcezu ezingama-300-700. Izindlebe zangaphandle azikho nhlobo, futhi amehlo amancane ngosayizi.
Ukubukeka
Ubude bama-canine we-walrus kwesinye isikhathi bufinyelela uhhafu wemitha. Izimpondo ezinjalo zinenjongo ebonakalayo, ziyakwazi ukusika kalula eqhweni, zingavikela indawo kanye nabantu bakubo ezitheni eziningi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngosizo lwamazinyo azo, ama-walrus angangena kalula emzimbeni wamabhere amakhulu amakhulu. Isikhumba se-walrus esikhulile sishwabene kakhulu kunalokho siwugqinsi, ngesendlalelo samafutha esingamasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu. Isikhumba se-walrus yase-Atlantic simbozwe ngezinwele ezimfushane nezisondele ngokusobala ezinsundu noma eziphuzi ngoku nsundu, isibalo sazo esincipha ngokuphawulekayo ngobudala.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-walrus yase-Atlantic iyinhlobo eyingqayizivele yendawo yesimo semvelo yoLwandle iBarents, efakwe kwiRed Book yaseRussia Federation.
Abamele abadala kunabo bonke base-Atlantic walrus subspecies banesikhumba esicishe sibe nqunu ngokuphelele futhi esikhanyayo. Izitho zomzimba wesilwane zenzelwe kahle ukuhamba emhlabeni futhi zinezinsika eziqinile, ngakho-ke ama-walrus awakwazi ukukhasa, kodwa ukuhamba. Umsila we-rudimentary pinniped.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Abamele ama-subspecies ase-Atlantic walrus bakhetha ukuhlangana emihlambini yezinombolo ezahlukahlukene. Ama-pinnipeds ahlala ngokuhlanganyela azama ukusizana, futhi avikele nababuthakathaka nabancane kunabo bonke ezihlotsheni zabo ekuhlaselweni yizitha zemvelo. Lapho iningi lezilwane ezisemhlambini onjalo ziphumula nje noma zilele, ukuphepha kwazo zonke kuqinisekiswa yilabo okuthiwa abalindi. Uma kwenzeka kusondela noma iyiphi ingozi, laba balindi benza izithulu zenze yonke indawo ngomsindo omkhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokusho kososayensi, phakathi nokubukwa okuningi, kungenzeka ukufakazela ukuthi, ngokuzwa kahle, insikazi iyakwazi ukuzwa ukubizwa kwethole layo ngisho nasebangeni lamakhilomitha amabili.
Ukwehluleka okubonakalayo nokuvilapha kwama-walrus kunxeshezelwa ngokuzwa okuhle kakhulu, iphunga elihle kakhulu, nokubona okuhle kwamehlo. Abamele ama-pinnipeed bayakwazi ukubhukuda ngokuphawulekayo futhi banobungane impela, kepha uma kunesidingo, bayakwazi ukucwilisa isikebhe sokudoba.
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani ama-walrus ase-Atlantic?
Ngokwesilinganiso, abamele ama-subspecies ase-Atlantic walrus baphila hhayi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40-45, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho isikhathi eside. Isilwane esinjalo sikhula kancane. AmaWalrus angabhekwa njengabantu abadala ngokuphelele, asebekhulile ocansini futhi abakulungele ukukhiqiza iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuphela emva kokuzalwa.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesilisa bama-walrus ase-Atlantic banobude bomzimba obungamamitha amathathu kuya kwamane ngesisindo esimaphakathi cishe samathani amabili. Abamele ama-subspecies abesifazane bakhula ubude obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5-2.6, futhi isisindo somzimba sowesifazane asidluli, njengomthetho, ithani elilodwa.
Indawo yokuhlala
Akulula ukulinganisa inani eliphelele labamele ama-subspecies ase-Atlantic walrus ngokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi alidluli abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili okwamanje. Lesi sibalo esingavamile sisakazeka sisuka e-Arctic Canada, eSvalbard, eGreenland, kanye nasendaweni esentshonalanga yeRussia Arctic.
Kwakungenxa yesisekelo sokusatshalaliswa okuphawulekayo kwendawo kanye nedatha yesayensi kukho konke ukunyakaza lapho kungenzeka khona ukuba khona kobuningi bezilwane eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela, ezinhlanu zazo ezisentshonalanga nezintathu engxenyeni esempumalanga yendawo yaseGreenland. Kwesinye isikhathi isilwane esinje esikhanyayo singena emanzini oLwandle Olumhlophe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Embusweni waminyaka yonke, ama-walrus ayakwazi ukufuduka kanye neqhwa elikhulu, ngakho-ke ahamba akhukhuleke ezintabeni zeqhwa, abhukude aye endaweni ayifunayo, bese ephumela ezweni, lapho ahlela khona i-rookery yabo.
Phambilini, abamele ama-subspecies Atlantic walrus bahlala emikhawulweni edlulela ngaseningizimu eCape Cod. Ngamanani amakhulu impela, lesi silwane esiphiniwe sitholakale emanzini eGulf of St. Lawrence. Ngentwasahlobo ka-2006, isibalo sabantu baseNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Atlantic sabalwa ngaphansi kweCanada Esongela Izinhlobo Zezinhlobo.
Ukudla kwe-walrus yase-Atlantic
Inqubo yokuphakelwa kwabamele ama-subspecies Atlantic walrus icishe ibe njalo. Ukudla kwabo kusekelwe kuma-benthic molluscs, abanjwa kalula ngama-pinnipeds. AmaWalrus, ngosizo lwamazinyo awo amade futhi anamandla amakhulu, avusa udaka phansi echibini, okuholela ekugcwalisweni kwamanzi ngamakhulu amagobolondo amancane.
Amagobolondo aqoqwe yi-walrus abanjwa emaphikweni, ngemuva kwalokho ahlikihlwa ngosizo lokunyakaza okunamandla kakhulu. Izingcezu zegobolondo ezisele ziwela phansi, kuyilapho i-shellfish uqobo isala intanta emanzini. Zidliwa ngenkuthalo ngama-walrus. Kusetshenziswa ama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene kanye nezikelemu ngenhloso yokudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukudla okuningi kudingekile kuma-walrus ukuxhasa imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba, kanye nokwakha inani elanele lamafutha angaphansi, okubalulekile ekuvikelweni ku-hypothermia nokubhukuda.
Izinhlanzi azibaluleki ngamaphini, ngakho-ke ukudla okunjalo kudliwa ngokungajwayelekile, kuphela ngezikhathi zezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu ezihambisana nokudla. Ama-walrus ase-Atlantic awazondi nhlobo imidondoshiya enesikhumba esijiyile nezidumbu nhlobo. Ososayensi babhale amacala okuhlaselwa ngamaphini amakhulu kuma-narwhals nasezimpawu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ama-walrus ase-Atlantic afinyelela ekuvuthweni okuphelele kwezocansi kuphela eneminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha, kanti inkathi yokukhwelana esebenzayo kuma-pinniped anjalo yenzeka ngo-Ephreli nangoMeyi.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho abesilisa, ababekade behlukaniswa ngokuthula kakhulu, baba nolaka, ngakho-ke bavame ukulwa bodwa besifazane, besebenzisa amabamba amakhulu futhi athuthukile ngale njongo. Vele, abesifazane abavuthiwe kwezocansi bazikhethela kuphela abesilisa abanamandla nabasebenza kakhulu njengabalingani bobulili.
Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokukhulelwa kwe-walrus asihlali ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-340-370, ngemuva kwalokho kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa kuphela, kepha likhulu ngosayizi. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, amawele azalwa... Ubude bomzimba we-walrus olusanda kuzalwa lwe-Atlantic cishe luyimitha elilodwa ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-28-30 kg. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwazo, izingane zifunda ukubhukuda. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ama-walrus adla ubisi lukamama kuphela, futhi ngemuva kwalokho athola amandla okudla isici sokudla kwama-walrus abantu abadala.
Impela wonke ama-walrus anethuku lomama elithuthuke kahle, ngakho-ke ayakwazi ukuvikela ngokuzithandela amaphuphu awo lapho kuvela ingozi. Ngokusho kokubona kososayensi, ngokuvamile, ama-walrus abesifazane ase-Atlantic angomama abanomusa futhi abanakekelayo. Kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, lapho ama-walrus amancane eba namazinyo, ama-walrus amancane cishe ahlala eduze komzali wawo. Kuphela ngineminyaka emithathu kuphela, sengivele nginama-canine asekhule ngokwanele, abamele ama-subspecies ase-Atlantic walrus aqala impilo yabo yabantu abadala.
Izitha zemvelo
Usongo olukhulu ezilwaneni eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-Atlantic walrus subspecies, empeleni ngabantu. Kubazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho nabazingeli, izipina ezinkulu zingumthombo wamazinyo abalulekile, ubhekeni nenyama enomsoco. Yize kunemikhawulo emikhulu enanini lentengiso, kanye nezindlela zokuvikela endaweni yokuhlala, inani eliphelele lama-walrus ase-Atlantic lincipha ngokuqhubekayo, ngakho-ke, izilwane ezinjalo zisengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphezu kwabantu, izitha ze-walrus ngokwemvelo ngamabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo futhi ngokwengxenye umkhoma obulalayo, futhi phakathi kwezinye izinto, izilwane ezinjalo zihlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yezinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi okuhlukile kuye kwenziwa kuze kube manje ngabantu abathile bomdabu basenyakatho, kubandakanya amaChukchi nama-Eskimo. Kungenxa yabo ukuzingela ama-pinnipeds kuyisidingo esingokwemvelo futhi bavunyelwe ukubamba inani elilinganiselwe labantu abangajwayelekile. Inyama yesilwane esinjalo isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwabantu basenyakatho ngenxa yezimpawu zabo zesikhathi eside zikazwelonke.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ukuze kwenziwe ubulungiswa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwehla okubukhali kwenani eliphelele lalezi zinhlobo zezilwane kubangelwa hhayi kuphela ukudubula okunamandla nenqubo yokudoba, kepha futhi nokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni kawoyela. Amabhizinisi ale mboni ethile ayizindlela zokungcolisa kakhulu indawo yemvelo yama-walruses eRed Book.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bakhathazekile ngokushoda kolwazi okuphawuleka maqondana nesimo samanje sabantu be-walrus.... Kuze kube manje, inani elilinganisiwe kuphela lezilwane ezinjalo elaziwa emanzini oLwandle iPechora nasezindaweni zamanye ama-rookeries. Futhi, ukuhamba kwama-walrus unyaka wonke kanye nobudlelwano bamaqembu ahlukene komunye nomunye kuhlala kungaziwa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokugcina inani le-walrus kubeka ukuqaliswa okuphoqelekile kocwaningo olwengeziwe.
