I-katran, noma inja yasolwandle (i-Squalus acanthias), ingushaka osabalele ngokuphelele ongowohlobo lwe-spiny shark nomndeni wakwa-Katran shark ovela ku-Katraniform oda. Umhlali wamanzi apholile wamabheshi azo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba, njengomthetho, utholakala ekujuleni okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1460. Kuze kube manje, ubude bomzimba oburekhodiwe bububanzi obungu-160-180 cm.
Incazelo katran
I-katran, noma inja yasolwandle, ingenye yezinhlobo zoshaka ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni wethu namuhla. Isakhamuzi esinjalo sasemanzini saziwa nangamagama:
- katran ezejwayelekile;
- ushaka ovamile we-spiny;
- ushaka onamabala
- ushaka obhebhiwe;
- ushaka obuthuntu;
- isihlabathi katran;
- eningizimu katran;
- marigold.
Inja yasolwandle inesithakazelo ngokukhethekile kwezokudoba kwezemidlalo nezentengiso ngenxa yokungabikho kwesici esithile se-ammonia sephunga lezinye izinhlobo eziningi zoshaka.
Ukubukeka
Kanye nabanye oshaka abaningi, ushaka omncane onamaphiko amancane unomzimba ohlanjululwe othathwa njengenye yezinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu. Umzimba we-katran ufinyelela kubude obungu-150-160 cm, kepha kubantu abaningi ubukhulu obukhulu abudluli imitha elilodwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinja zasolwandle zesifazane zikhulu kancane kunezeduna.... Ngenxa yamathambo e-cartilaginous, isisindo soshaka sikhanya kakhulu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki umhlaseli wolwandle.
AmaKatrans anomzimba omude futhi omncane, uwavumela ukuba asike amanzi ngokukhulu ukushesha futhi ngokukhulu ukushesha futhi ahambe ngejubane elanele. Ngenxa yomsila we-multi-blade, umsebenzi wokuqondisa wenziwa futhi ukuhamba ngokusobala kwezinhlanzi ezidla emanzini kwenziwa lula. Isikhumba se-katran simbozwe ngezikali ezincane ze-placoid. Izinhlangothi nendawo engemuva kuvame ukuba nombala ongemuva ompunga, lapho kwesinye isikhathi kukhona amabala amhlophe amhlophe.
Impumulo kashaka ocwebezelayo, omfishane onephuzu elibonakalayo. Ibanga elijwayelekile ukusuka ekugcineni kwempumu ukuya endaweni yomlomo licishe liphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.3 ububanzi bomlomo. Amehlo atholakala cishe ebangeni elifanayo ukusuka esinqeni sokuqala se-gill nasesinqeni sempumulo. Amakhala asuswa afinyelela ngasemaphethelweni empumulo. Amazinyo ka-shark prickly ayafana emihlathini emibili, ebukhali futhi engajwayelekile, ahlelwe ngemigqa eminingi. Isikhali esibukhali nesiyingozi kangaka sivumela umhlaseli ukuba asike futhi adabule ukudla kube yizicucu ezincane.
Izindonga ezibukhali zikhona eduze kwesisekelo samaphiko emhlane. Umgogodla wokuqala onjalo mfushane ngokubonakalayo kunomphetho we-dorsal, kepha uhambelana nesisekelo sawo. Umgogodla wesibili ubonakala ngobude obukhuphukile; ngakho-ke, ulingana nokuphakama kuya ekugcineni kwesibili kwe-dorsal, okuncane kunomphetho wokuqala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Endaweni yekhanda le-bleach ejwayelekile, cishe ngenhla kwamehlo, kukhona ama-filiform-branched futhi kunemifushane emifushane noma okuthiwa ama-lobes.
Isiphetho sendunu asikho enjeni yasolwandle. Amaphiko we-pectoral akhulu ngosayizi, anomugqa omncane we-caaveal. Amaphiko ezinqeni anesisekelo esiseduze ne-dorsal fin yesibili.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Indima ekhethekile ekuqondisweni kukashaka ezindaweni ezinkulu ezingapheli zolwandle inikezwe isitho esibalulekile - umugqa ohlangothini... Kungenxa yalesi sitho esiyingqayizivele ukuthi izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidlayo ziyakwazi ukuzwa noma yikuphi, ngisho nokudlidliza okuncane, kwamanzi. Ukuzwa koshaka okuthuthukile kakhulu kungenxa yemigodi - ukuvuleka okukhethekile kwamakhala okuya ngqo kupharynx yenhlanzi.
Ushaka obuthuntu osendaweni ebanzi uyakwazi ukubamba kalula into ekhethekile ekhishwe isisulu esithukile. Ukuvela kwesidli sasolwandle kukhombisa ukuhamba okumangalisayo, ikhono lokuthuthukisa ngokushesha isivinini esikahle nokujaha inyamazane yalo kuze kube sekugcineni. AmaKatrans awalokothi ahlasele umuntu, ngakho-ke lo muntu ohlala emanzini akayona ingozi kubantu nhlobo.
U-Katran uhlala isikhathi esingakanani
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ekubonweni okuningi, ubude besikhathi sokuphila kukashaka ovamile we-spiny bude impela, bufinyelela kaningi kwikota yekhulu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Izimpawu ze-dimorphism yezocansi ezinjeni ezindala nezincane zasolwandle azivezwanga kahle futhi zimelwe ngosayizi owehlukile. Ubude bama-katrans besilisa abadala, njengomthetho, bungaphansi kancane kwemitha, futhi ubukhulu bomzimba bama-katrans besifazane kaningi budlula kancane u-100 cm.Kulula ukuhlukanisa ushaka or katran ngokungabikho okuphelele kwe-anal fin, okuyisici esithile sabesilisa nabesifazane balolu hlobo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokwabiwa kwe-katran ibanzi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunenani elikhulu lezindawo olwandle lomhlaba lapho kunethuba lokubona izidalwa zasemanzini ezinjalo. Kusukela endaweni yaseGreenland kuya e-Argentina, kusukela ogwini lwase-Iceland kuya eziQhingini zaseCanary, e-Indian nasePacific Oceans, eduze nogu lwaseJapan nase-Australia, kutholakala oshaka abancane kangako.
Noma kunjalo, bakhetha ukugwema amanzi abandayo kakhulu futhi afudumele kakhulu, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nalomuntu ohlala emanzini e-Arctic noma e-Antarctica, kanye nasezilwandle ezishisayo. Amacala okufuduka akude kwabamele ushaka ovamile we-spiny aqoshwa kaninginingi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ebusweni bamanzi, kungenzeka ukubona inja yasolwandle noma i-katrana ebusuku kuphela noma ngesikhathi sokuphumula, lapho umbuso wokushisa kwamanzi useduze ne-15оС.
Ensimini yaseRussia, oshaka abanameva bazizwa kahle emanzini oLwandle Olumnyama, Okhotsk naseBering. Njengomthetho, izinhlanzi ezinjalo zikhetha ukungahambeli kude kakhulu nogu lolwandle, kepha lapho kuseshwa, ama-katrans athathwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayakwazi ukubhukuda aye olwandle oluvulekile. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bancamela ukuhlala ezingxenyeni zasolwandle eziseduze, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bacwila ekujuleni okukhulu, lapho bathutheleka ezikoleni ezincane.
Ukudla kwe-Katran
Isisekelo sokudla kwama-katrans simelelwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi i-cod, isardard ne-herring, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-crustaceans ngesimo sonkala nezimfanzi. Imvamisa, ama-cephalopods, afaka ama-squid nama-octopus, kanye nezibungu nezinye izilwane ezihola indlela yokuphila ye-benthic, aba yisisulu soshaka ovamile we-spiny.
Kwesinye isikhathi ushaka omdala angayidla kahle i-jellyfish, futhi futhi akagwemi ukhula lwasolwandle.... Ukulandela ukuhamba kwezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene ezizingelayo, oshaka abancane kwezinye izindawo bayakwazi ukufuduka okuphawulekayo. Isibonelo, ogwini lwase-Atlantic laseMelika, kanye nasengxenyeni esempumalanga yamanzi oLwandle lwaseJapan, izinja zasolwandle zihamba amabanga amade.
Kuyathakazelisa! Emanzini lapho kukhona oshaka abaningi kakhulu be-spiny, izilwane zasolwandle ezinjalo zidala umonakalo omkhulu ekudobeni, ngoba ama-katrans amakhulu ayakwazi ukudla izinhlanzi kwizingwegwe nakunetha, adla ngokubamba futhi aphule amanetha.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, ama-young and katrans amadala azama ukunamathela ndawonye, ehla ngamamitha ayi-100-200 ukusuka ebusweni. Ekujuleni okunjalo, kugcinwa umbuso wokushisa onethezekile wokuphila nokuzingela, futhi kunenani elanele le-mackerel yamahhashi ne-anchovy. Esikhathini esishisa kakhulu ehlobo, ama-katrans akwazi ukuzingela ngenkuthalo abelungu emhlambini.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Esinye sezici zesici sokukhiqizwa kwanoma yimuphi ushaka, obahlukanisa nezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene zamathambo, yikhono lokukhulelwa kwangaphakathi. Wonke ama-katrans angaphansi kwesigaba sezinhlobo ze-ovoviviparous. Imidlalo yokukhwelana yoshaka yenzeka ngamamitha angama-40 ukujula. Amaqanda asathuthuka abekwa emzimbeni wabesifazane, atholakala ngaphakathi kwamaphilisi akhethekile. Ngayinye i-capsule ye-gelatinous yangaphakathi yemvelo ingaqukatha cishe amaqanda ama-3-15 ngobubanzi obumaphakathi obungu-40 mm.
Abesifazane bathwala inzalo isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukukhulelwa okunjalo, okude kunabo bonke oshaka abakhona, kungathatha izinyanga eziyi-18 kuye kwezingu-22. Indawo yokuchamisela amachwane ekhethwe eduze nogu lolwandle. Inzalo yowesifazane oyedwa ovamile we-spiny shark ingaba ne-6-29 gazinga. Oshaka abasanda kuzalwa banezembozo eziyingqayizivele zameva, ngakho-ke abamlimazi umzali wabo. Amacala anjalo alahlwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Ama-katran shark asanda kuzalwa anobude bomzimba kububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-20-26. Lapho amaqanda okuqala esevele elungiselela ukuzalwa, ingxenye entsha yamaqanda isivele ivuthwa kumaqanda esifazane.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, gazinga lesilwane esinjalo esidlayo livela cishe phakathi nentwasahlobo, nasemanzini oLwandle lwaseJapan, oshaka bazalwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Agasti. Ekuqaleni, i-spiny shark gazinga idla esikhwameni esikhethekile se-yolk, esigcina ukutholakala okwanele kwezakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-katrans akhulayo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zikashaka, anamandla kakhulu, futhi ukuphefumula kunikezwa amandla amakhulu, okulahlekelwa kwawo kwenziwa ukumunca ukudla okuhlala njalo.
Inzalo ezelwe emhlabeni iyasebenza futhi izimele, ngakho-ke ingazitholela ngokukhululekile ukudla okudingekayo. Kuphela lapho beneminyaka eyishumi nanye, abesilisa be-spiny shark noma i-katran ejwayelekile bayofinyelela ubude bomzimba obungu-80 cm futhi bakhule ngokugcwele ocansini. Abesifazane babameleli balezi zinhlobo bayakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo ngonyaka nohhafu, efinyelela cishe kumitha ubude.
Izitha zemvelo
Bonke oshaka banobuhlakani obuphakeme, bahlukaniswa ngobuqili bemvelo namandla angokwemvelo, kepha endaweni yabo yemvelo abanabo kuphela "abangafuni", kodwa futhi nezimbangi ezisobala. Izitha ezimbi kakhulu zoshaka emvelweni impilo enkulu kakhulu yasemanzini, emelwe imikhomo. imikhomo yokubulala... Futhi, inani labantu lithonywe kabi ngabantu nezinhlanzi ze-hedgehog, ezikwazi ukuvimba umphimbo kashaka ngezinaliti nomzimba wazo, kubangele ukuthi ibulawe yindlala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
AmaKatrans asesigabeni sezilwane eziningi ezidla amanzi, inani lawo okwamanje elingasongelwanga. Noma kunjalo, isakhamuzi esinjalo sasemanzini sinenani elikhulu lokuhweba, futhi isibindi sikashaka siqukethe into esiza ngezinye izinhlobo ze-oncology.
