IBattleships (Cingulata) bangamalungu eqembu le-Battleship kanye nomndeni we-Battleships. Izilwane ezinjalo ezincelisayo zisesigabeni sezilwane zasebusuku ezihlala zodwa. Esinye sezilwane zasendulo futhi ezingajwayelekile kakhulu emhlabeni wethu endaweni yezwe laso sibizwa ngokuthi ama-amadilla noma ama "pocket dinosaurs".
Incazelo yempi yempi
Kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi ama-armadillos okuqala eMhlabeni avela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-55 eyedlule, nokusinda kwawo, ngokungafani nabanye abaningi abamele izilwane, lezi zilwane ngenxa yobukhona begobolondo. Ama-Aztec abiza ama-armadillos ngokuthi “onogwaja bofudu”, okwachazwa ngamandla esilwane esinjalo esinezindlebe ezinde ukuba zihlale emigodini eyebiwe ngokukhethekile, njengonogwaja basendle.
Ukubukeka
I-carapace ye-armadillos iyisihlangu se-humeral, sekhanda kanye ne-pelvic, kanye nemivimbo eminingi efana ne-hoop, ezungeza umzimba kusuka ezinhlangothini nangaphezulu. Zonke izingxenye zegobolondo zihlangene ngenxa yobukhona bezicubu ezinwebeka ngokunwebeka, ezinikeza ikhava evikelayo ukuhamba okwanele. Phezu kwegobolondo kukhona izingcwecwe ezincanyana ze-horny ezinesimo se-polygonal noma isikwele. Amapuleti anjalo yi-epidermis.
Izihlangu zakha izembatho ezithweni, futhi umsila wesilwane umbozwe amasongo amathambo... Isisu nengxenye yangaphakathi yezidladla ze-armadillo zithambile, azivikelekile ngokuphelele, zimbozwe izinwele ezigqamile. Izinwele ezinjalo ezijwayelekile nazo zingatholakala phakathi kwawo wonke amapuleti amathambo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezikali ezinama-horny zingena kuzo. Umbala wegobolondo uyehluka kusuka konsundu kuya kophinki. Umbala wezinwele ungasuka kokumpunga onsundu uye kokumhlophe.
Umthethosisekelo we-armadillo u-squat, kunalokho unzima. Ubude bomzimba obuvame kakhulu ukusuka ku-12.5-100 cm, ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-60-90 kg. Ubude besisila sesilwane bungamasentimitha angu-2,5-50. Umlomo wesilwane esincelisayo usufushane, ungunxantathu noma uvuleke ngokusobala. Amehlo awakhulu kakhulu, ambozwe ngamajwabu amehlo athe ukuqina.
Izitho zomzimba ezimfushane ziqinile, zikulungele kahle ukumba. Izinyawo zangaphambili zineminwe emithathu noma emihlanu, ezinamazipho anamandla futhi abukhali, agobile ngokusobala. Izitho zangemuva ze-armadillo zineminwe emihlanu. Ugebhezi lwesilwane lucwecwe lubhekiswe e-dorsoventral direction. Noma yibaphi abanye abamele umndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo abanaso isethi yamazinyo eguquguqukayo, inani lalo kuma-armadillos ahlukahluka kusuka ezingcezwini ezingama-28 kuye kwezingu-90. Inani eliphelele lamazinyo lingahluka hhayi kuphela kubamele bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kepha nakubantu abaneminyaka yobudala ehlukene noma ubulili.
Ama-Armadillos anamazinyo amancane angama-cylindrical ngaphandle koqweqwe lwawo nohlelo lwempande. Ngasikhathi sinye, amazinyo akhula njalo. Ulimi kubamele bezinhlobo eziningi lunamathele futhi lude, olusetshenziswa yizilwane ukubamba nokudla ukudla okutholakele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-armadillos ahluleka ngokuphelele ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa okubandayo, ngakho-ke ukwanda kwawo ezigxotsheni kukhawulelwe ngokweqile.
Ama-Armadillos athuthuke kahle kakhulu ekuzweni nasekuzweni iphunga, futhi iso lezilwane ezinjalo libuthakathaka, ngakho-ke azikwazi nhlobo ukuhlukanisa imibala yezinto ezizungezile. Izinqubo ze-Metabolic ziyancipha, futhi izinkomba zokushisa komzimba zincike ngqo ezimweni zemvelo, ngakho-ke, zingahle zisuke ku-36 ziye ku-32 ° C.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Lapho kuhlala khona ama-armadillos, izindawo zibonakala ngokuba khona kwenhlabathi eyisihlabathi, nokwakhiwa kwamakhaya azo, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo zikhetha izindawo eziseduze nezindlwana ezanele ngokwanele, ezenza kube lula ukuthola ukudla.
Ihola kakhulu imvamisa yokuphila yodwa, ama-armadillos ancamela ukuxhumana nabantu bakubo abadala kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ama-armadillos atholakala ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Enqubeni yokumba izimbobo, ama-armadillos avikela ikhanda lawo ngempumelelo enkulu, futhi izitho zangemuva zisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo yisilo kuphela ukunyakaza ngaphansi komhlaba.
Phakathi nesikhathi sasemini, izilwane ezincelisayo ziphumula emigodini yazo, futhi lapho kuqala ubusuku zihamba zizingela zifuna ukudla... Ngisho nengozi encane ingengethusa isilwane esiphakathi nendawo. Isibonelo, i-armadillo ebomvana ngokushesha izifihla esihlabathini, esigaxwa ngozipho abade. Kusukela ohlangothini, ukunyakaza okunjalo kufana nokubhukuda okuvamile. Izilwane ezincelisayo zingagijima ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zibhukude kahle.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-armadillo
Okwamanje ayikho idatha ethembekile mayelana nobude bempilo ye-armadillo emvelweni, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi isilwane esincelisayo esinjalo singaphila iminyaka eyi-8-12. Ekuthunjweni, iminyaka yesilwane esinjalo yinde, ngakho-ke ingafinyelela emashumini amabili eminyaka.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, omelwe yi-dimorphism yezocansi, uvele ezilwaneni ngesikhathi sokuvela kwemvelo. Ngaphezu komgomo othi "kusinda kuphela abanamandla kakhulu", kukhona nomqondo wangempela wokukhetha ngokocansi ngendlela yokususwa kwabantu abangavumelekile ngokwanele enqubeni yokuzala kabusha. Abesilisa abadala be-armadillo bavame ukusinda kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Izinhlobo zempi yempi
Ibutho lempi limelelwa umndeni owodwa wanamuhla nemibili yasendulo, esevele ingasekho. Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezimbili zemikhumbi yempi zingezesigaba esikhona namuhla, kepha ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:
- Umkhumbi wempi onamabhande ayisishiyagalolunye (I-Dasypus novemcinctus) inobude bomzimba ebangeni elingama-32-57 cm nomsila onobude obungu-21-45 cm. Izinhlobo zinekhanda elincanyana, elingunxantathu elinezindlebe ezikhulu futhi ezihamba kakhulu. I-carapace ibunsundu ngomzimba omncane okhanyayo kancane. Umsila uhlanganisa izindandatho eziyi-12-15 ezinamaxolo. Amaqembu amancane ezinwele amboza isifonyo, intamo naphansi;
- I-armadillo enezinwele ezinde (Chaetophractus vellerosus) yehluka ngobude bomzimba, engadluli ikota yemitha. Umzimba wonke wesilwane esincelisayo, kanye ne-carapace, umbozwe izinwele ezinsundu ezikhanyayo;
- UBristly armadillo (Chaetophractus villosuslibonakala ngombala ophuzi onsundu, ubukhona begobolondo ngemuva, engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda nomsila. Maphakathi nesifunda se-dorsal kunamabhande we-6-7, amelwe imigqa eguqukayo yamapuleti ahambekayo anomumo we-oblong-quadrangular. Ikhanda libanzi futhi liyisicaba, elinemigqa emi mpo yezihlangu ngaphansi kwamehlo. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwezingalo zangaphambili lumbozwe ngezikali ezilinganayo ezinamacala ayisithupha, kanti omunye umzimba unesikhumba esijiyile nesishwabene ngezinsumpa;
- Umkhumbi wempi othosiwe (I-Chlamyphorus truncatusahluke ngobude obufinyelela ku-90-115 cm, ngaphandle komsila, anombala opinki noma opinki. Lapho sesaba, lolu hlobo lwesilwane esincelisayo luyakwazi ukungcwaba emhlabathini ngemizuzwana embalwa;
- Imikhumbi yempi yamabhande ayisithupha (I-Euphractus sexcinctus) kungokwenhlobo ye-monotypic Euphractus. Umzimba wesilwane esincelisayo uvame ukuba nombala ophuzi, kepha ezinye zinombala omnyama noma okhanyayo ngokubomvu ngokubomvu;
- Umkhumbi wempi omkhulu (I-Priodontes maximus) inobude bomzimba ebangeni elingama-75-100 cm, ngesisindo esingu-18-19 kuye ku-30-35 kg. Uhlobo olukhulu kunawo wonke lwe-armadillo, linegobolondo elinsundu elihamba kakhulu futhi linezigaba eziningi. Isisu sesilwane sikhanya kancane. Isifonyo se-tubular sinamazinyo afinyelela kwikhulu akhombe emuva.
Imikhumbi yempi ibizwa ngegama labo abanqobi. Lawa maqhawe aseSpain ayegqoka izikhali zensimbi ezakhiwe ngomzimba, ezazibukeka zifana negobolondo lesilwane esincelisayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ubude bomzimba, okhokho bama-armadillos banamuhla, babungaba ngamamitha amathathu.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ukubukeka kwempi yempi eyisiThoba kwasabalala kulo lonke elaseCentral, North naseNingizimu Melika... Ihlukaniswa yipulasitiki yayo yemvelo nokuba khona kwayo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, futhi ukusondela komuntu kubamele lezi zinhlobo akuyona into enomkhawulo. Ama-armadillos anezinwele ezinde ajwayelekile eGran Chaco, kanye nakuma-pampas ase-Argentina, eChile, eBolivia naseParaguay, lapho bahlala ezindaweni ezomile ezinamahlathi amancane, ezindaweni ezishisayo, emathafeni otshani anezihlahlana nezimila eziphansi.
I-bristly armadillo ihlala ngokukhethekile ezindaweni zase-Argentina, eParaguay naseBolivia. Le mpi yamabhande ayisithupha isabalale e-Argentina, eBrazil, e-Uruguay, eBolivia naseParaguay. Abantu abahlukene batholakala eSuriname. Ama-armadillos amakhulu ahlala eningizimu Melika, asakazeka ukusuka endaweni eseningizimu yeVenezuela kuya ezifundeni zaseParaguay nasenyakatho ne-Argentina.
Ukudla kwe-Armadillo
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwama-armadillos ezimweni zemvelo kufaka phakathi kokubili ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo, kepha umuhlwa nezintuthwane kuyisibiliboco esikhulu kulezi zilwane ezincelisayo. Isilwane esidla izinambuzane sidla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla kanye nezinye izinambuzane, sidla isigaba sazo sokuba yisibungu, abantu abadala, kanye nezibankwa, izicabucabu, izikelemu nofezela. Ama-Armadillos ayakwazi ukondla izidumbu kanye nodoti wokudla, kanye namaqanda ezinyoni nezithelo.
Izinhlobo eziningi zingezesigaba sezilwane ezicishe zome. Abamele iqembu leBattleship kanye nomndeni weBattleship basebenzisa ikhala elithuthuke kahle futhi elibucayi ngokuzimisela okukhulu, okubavumela ukuthi bakhiphe ukudla ngisho nangaphansi komhlaba. Ngosizo lwezinzipho ezinde nezinamandla, isisulu siyamba, bese siqoqwa ngolimi olude, olunamathele kakhulu bese siyadliwa.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Inqubo yokuzalanisa yama-armadillos ibhekwa njengengafani nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo.... Isici sokuqala nesisisekelo kakhulu ukukwazi ukubambezela ukukhula kwe-intrauterine kombungu.
Isikhathi sokulibaziseka okunjalo singaba izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezine, futhi kwezinye izimo size sifinyelele neminyaka emibili. Le nqubo ivumela isilwane sesifazane esincelisayo ukuba "siqagele" isikhathi lapho inzalo izalelwa inkathi, ebonakala ngezimo ezinhle kakhulu, kufaka phakathi inala yokudla nezinga lokushisa elifanele.
Isici sesibili sokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-armadillos simelwe iqiniso lokuthi kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi i-armadillo enamabhande ayisishiyagalolunye, ukuzalwa kwamawele eqanda elilodwa kuphela kuyisici. Linani leliphelele lebantfwana labatalwa lingahluka kusuka kulokunye kuye kulokutsatfu noma kumane, kepha njalo bantfwana labasandza kutalwa kungabasikati noma babesilisa, labanegobolondvo lelitsambile lelinombala lopinki. Lapho isilwane sikhula futhi sikhula, igobolondo liyaqina, lokhu kungenxa yokukhula okusebenzayo kwamacwecwe amathambo.
Izitha zemvelo
Noma ngabe kukhona izembatho zokuvikela ezinokwethenjelwa ezinjengegobolondo, izilwane ezincelisayo zinezitha eziningi zemvelo endaweni yazo yemvelo. Ngokuvamile, abameleli bemikhono yasendle namakati, kanye nama-alligator nezingwenya, bazingela ama-armadillos, ngobukhulu obukhulu.
Izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjengezinja namakati zingaba yingozi enkulu hhayi kuphela kubantu abasha, kepha nakwizi-armadillos zabantu abadala. Ezinye izinhlobo zivame ukuzingelwa ngabantu, ngoba inyama yama-armadillos idliwa ngabantu bendawo, futhi amagobolondo athengiselwa izivakashi njengezikhumbuzo eziyinqaba nezingabizi. Inani elikhulu lezinqola zempi zifa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto emigwaqweni emikhulu ematasa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo esabalele kakhulu, zinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zohlobo lwe-armadillos ezinamabhande amathathu ezingafani ekhonweni lokugoqeleka libe yibhola eliminyene ngenhloso yokuzivikela, futhi wonke umndeni awunalo lelo thuba ngenxa yamabhande namapuleti amaningi kakhulu.
Ukuphunyuka ezitheni zabo, ama-armadillos asebenzisa izembatho zobuqili nezokuvikela. Uma izilwane ezizingelayo zizama ukungena emgodini wesilwane esincelisayo esinjalo, umnyango unqandwa ngokushesha ngosizo lwamapuleti amathambo aqinile. Ukusuka ngaphandle, ukuvinjelwa okunjalo kufana nokhokho webhodlela ekubukekeni kwawo, ngakho-ke umhlaseli akanalo ithuba lokufinyelela isisulu sakhe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, inani eliphelele labamele iqembu lamaButho Wempi elivela emndenini weBattery lehla kakhulu, ngakho-ke, okwamanje, izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili zalezo zilwane ezincelisayo zibaliwe ku-International Red Book.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Izilwane zase-Afrika
- ISaiga noma iSaiga
- Ama-Bandicoots (Latin Bandicota)
- AmaManatee (Latin Trichechus)
Imikhumbi yempi emikhulu nenezinsimbi manje isengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele futhi idinga ukuvikelwa okukhethekile.
