Izintambo zezinyoka - izinyoni zomndeni onentamo yezinyoka, ezimelwe yizinhlobo ezine, zinezici ezihlukile ngesimo sentamo efana nenyoka, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubhukuda.
Incazelo yommese
I-serpentine, enamanye amagama: inyoka yenyoka, inyoka yenyoka, i-ankinga - ukuphela kwe-copepod engenazo izinhlobo zasolwandle... Le nyoni iyefana nezihlobo zayo eziseduze emndenini (i-cormorant nezinye), kepha futhi inokwehluka okuningi okuphawulekayo ekubukekeni nasekuziphatheni.
Ukubukeka
Ama-Anchings yizinyoni eziphakathi nezikhulu. Isisindo esingaba ngu-1.5 kg. Umzimba wezinyoka, cishe u-90 cm ubude, ungabonakala njengolule, intamo yinde, mncane, ibomvu ngombala; ikhanda alivele limile: liyisicaba futhi libukeka njengesandiso sentamo. Kukhona isikhwama esincane somphimbo. Umlomo omude ubukhali kakhulu, uqonde, kanti abanye ufana nothimbo lokuphotha, abanye - udlawana; imiphetho inezinotshi ezincane eziqondiswe ngasekupheleni. Imilenze iminyene futhi imifushane, ibekwe emuva kakhulu, izinzwane ezinde ezi-4 zixhunywe ngolwelwesi lokubhukuda.
Amaphiko amade aqeda ngezimpaphe ezimfushane. Isikhathi singaphezu kwemitha elilodwa. Izimpaphe ezincane zihlukile futhi ziyacwebezela ngokubukeka. Umsila mude, cishe u-25 cm, uqukethe izimpaphe ezingaphezudlwana kweshumi nambili - eziguquguqukayo futhi zanda ngasekupheleni. Izimpaphe zinomthunzi omnyama, kepha emaphikweni ziyahlukahluka ngenxa yolayini abamhlophe. Ngezakhiwo zayo, imanzi, evumela lezi zinyoni ukuba zibe ngaphansi kwamanzi ngenkathi zibhukuda, hhayi ukuhlala kuzo.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ngokuyinhloko, abamele lo mndeni bahlala phansi futhi bathanda amabhange emifula, amachibi namachibi azungezwe yizihlahla. Bachitha ubusuku emagatsheni abo, kuthi ekuseni baye kozingela. Ngokuphathelene nokuhleleka kwama-copepods, izinyoka zingabhukudi ezinhle kakhulu, eziguqulelwe ukudla emanzini. Bathulela buthule, babhukude, okubanikeza ithuba lokusondela kongaba isisulu (njengenhlanzi) ebangeni elingaba imitha, bese, bejikijela izintambo zabo enhlanzini ngesivinini sombani, babhoboze umzimba wayo ngoqhwaku lwabo olubukhali bavele phezulu, baphonse inyamazane yabo phezulu, bembule uqhwaku bese uyibamba endizeni ukuyigwinya.
Ukuhamba okunjalo kungenzeka ngenxa yethuluzi lokuhambisa elihambisekayo le-vertebrae yesishiyagalombili neyesishiyagalolunye yentamo.... Izimpaphe ezimanzi azivumeli izintambo zezinyoka ukuthi zihlale emanzini isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhathi esidingekayo sokuzingela, bese bephoqeleka ukuphuma emhlabeni, bathathe elinye lamagatsha eduze kwesihlahla esikhulayo futhi, belula amaphiko abo, bomise izimpaphe zabo ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga nomoya. Imikhawulo phakathi kwabantu ngabanye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu kungenzeka. Izimpaphe ezimanzi zivimbela ukuqhubeka kokundiza lapho ziyofuna ukudla, futhi ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngokweqile emanzini kupholisa umzimba wenyoni.
Kuyathakazelisa!Lapho kubhukuda, intamo yezinyoni iyashwiba ngendlela efanayo nomzimba wenyoka yokubhukuda, okusivumele ukuthi siyinike igama elifanele. Inyoka ihamba emanzini ngokukhulu ukushesha nangokuthula, ngomzuzu ingakwazi ukumboza ibanga elingamamitha angama-50, ibalekela ingozi. Ngasikhathi sinye, akazisizi ngamaphiko akhe, ukuwahambisa nje kancane emzimbeni, kepha usebenza ngezidladla zakhe futhi uqondisa umsila wakhe.
Lapho ihamba, inyoni yenyoka iyanyenya futhi ishayana kancane, kepha ihamba ngokushesha okukhulu, phansi nasemagatsheni, ibhalansisa amaphiko ayo kancane. Lapho indiza, iyandiza, iye phezulu ingasuka ngomgwaqo onqenqemeni, yenze ukuthi isihlahla sihlale ngemuva kwemibuthano eminingana. Nge-molt ephelele, zonke izimpaphe zokundiza ziyawa, ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, le nyoni incishwa ngokuphelele ithuba lokundiza.
Bahlala emihlambini emincane, kuze kufike kubantu abayishumi, abahlala endaweni encane yedamu. Inkampani efanayo iya ekuphumuleni nakubusuku obubodwa. Kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalela inzalo ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke lapho imihlambi yamanani amakhulu ingabuthana khona, kepha maqondana nemingcele ngayinye yendawo yayo yokwakha izidleke. Akuvamile ukuhlala eduze komuntu, inyoni engavinjelwe iziphatha ngokuzethemba. Ukulungele ukucasha engcupheni ngaphansi kwamanzi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Uma isidleke sivikelwe, singabambana ngezihluthu kanye nezinye izinyoni futhi siyisitha esiyingozi - uqhwaku lwayo olucijile lungabhoboza ikhanda lomuntu olincintisanayo ngokushaya okukodwa, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi olokugcina luyabulala. Ububanzi bemisindo buncane: ukukhala, ukuncwina, ukuchofoza, ukuhayiza.
Zingaki izinyoka ezihlala
Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zinyoni emvelweni cishe siyiminyaka eyi-10; ekuthunjweni, kunecala elaziwayo lokufinyelela kuzinsuku zokuzalwa ze-16 zale nyoni, okuthi, ngendlela, zikubekezelele kahle okuqukethwe kwabantu futhi zize zizwe nothando.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane awubalulekanga kangako, kepha uyabonakala futhi ukhona lapho kukhona ikamu elimnyama ekhanda lowesilisa nombala ofiphele wezimpaphe zowesifazane, kanye nosayizi womzimba wakhe onesizotha nobude bomlomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpaphe kwabesilisa zinempunga-mnyama, kwabesifazane zinombala onsundu.
Izinhlobo zezinyoka
Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezine zezintambo zezinyoka zisindile:
- Inyoka yase-Australia;
- Inyoka yaseMelika;
- Inyoka yase-Afrika;
- Inyoka yaseNdiya.
Izinhlobo ezingasekho nazo ziyaziwa, ezingabonakala ngezinsalela ezitholakale ngesikhathi kumbiwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ankhings ayizinhlobo ezindala kakhulu, okhokho bawo ababehlala eMhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu edlule. Okutholwe okudala kunakho konke esiqhingini saseSumatra kusukela esikhathini esiyiminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-30 edlule.
Indawo yokuhlala
Inyoni yenyoka ithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo. Isigaxa saseMelika sihlala emizimbeni yamanzi anamanzi amnandi noma amile okwe-brackish noma agelezayo eNyakatho (eningizimu ye-USA, Mexico), Central (Panama) naseNingizimu Melika (eColombia, e-Ecuador, kuze kufike e-Argentina), esiqhingini saseCuba.
Indian - kusuka ezwekazini laseNdiya kuya esiqhingini saseSulawesi. I-Australia - iNew Guinea ne-Australia. I-Afrika - ihlathi elinomswakama eningizimu yoGwadule lwaseSahara nezinye izindikimba zamanzi. Iqembu elihlukile lihlala ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula iTigris ne-Ewufrathe, elihlukaniswe nezihlobo zalo ngamakhilomitha amaningi.
Ukudla kwentamo yenyoka
Isisekelo sokudla kwenyoka izinhlanzi, futhi ama-amphibian (amaxoxo, ama-newt), amanye ama-vertebrate amancane, i-crayfish, iminenke, izinyoka ezincane, izimfudu ezincane, izimfanzi nezinambuzane ezinkulu nazo ziyadla. Ukuminza okuhle kwale nyoni kuyaphawulwa. Akukho ukuhlelelwa okukhethekile kwalokhu noma lolo hlobo lwezinhlanzi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kulezi zinyoni kwenzeka ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Izinyoka zihlala zodwa ngesikhathi sokuzala... Ngesikhathi se-rut, isikhwama sabo somphimbo kusuka kokuphinki noma okuphuzi kushintshela kokumnyama. Owesilisa uhamba phambi kowesifazane ngomdanso wokukhwelana, abese ezijoyina. Ukuqedelwa okungokomfanekiso kokudlala ngothando ukwethulwa kwamagatsha omile kwabesifazane njengophawu lwendlwane yabo yesikhathi esizayo, indawo owesilisa akhetha yona.
Kuyathakazelisa!Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesidleke nokunakekelwa kwamantshontsho. Lapho zivikela indawo yazo yokwakha izidleke, zolula izintamo zazo nezimpimpi njengezinyoka. Ngalesi sikhathi, imisindo ekhonathayo nayo ingakhishwa. Izidleke zihlelwe emagatsheni ezihlahla, okungcono zikakwe ngamanzi.
Izinto zokwakha zingamahlumela omile: owesilisa uyazibamba azilethe esakhiweni, kanti owesifazane usevele ubambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwalo, engeza amagatsha amasha namahlamvu. Le nqubo ayithathi izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 kwabashadikazi. Zizondizela kulezi zindawo ukuzala amaphuphu iminyaka eminingi. Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda ama-2 kuye kwangama-5 noma ama-6 aluhlaza okwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25 kuye kwezingu-30. Azikho amaphuphu engilazini yokukhulisa. Amathole azalwa engenazo izimpaphe, engenakuzisiza. Ngemuva kwalokho bahlangana kuphaphe olunsundu lapho benamasonto ayisithupha. Abazali babo babondla ngokushintshana, baphinde bavuselele inhlanzi egaye isigamu, futhi lapho bekhula, amaphuphu ngokwawo azogibela ngomlomo wabantu abadala eyofuna ukudla.
Izingane zenyoni yenyoka zihlala esidlekeni isikhathi eside ngokwanele: kuze kufike enyangeni eyodwa ubudala, ziyishiya kuphela uma kuba nengozi enkulu - ukumane ungene emanzini bese ubuyela emuva. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, bayakhethwa esidlekeni baye egatsheni, kepha basazobe benakekelwa ngabazali amasonto ambalwa ngaphezulu. Kepha lesi sikhathi samawundlu asilona ize: abagcini nje ngokukhula futhi baqine, kepha futhi bazi kahle isayensi yokuphonsa nokubamba izinto endizeni - izinti ezivela esidlekeni - isibonelo senyama yesikhathi esizayo. Ziba namaphiko lapho zinamasonto ayisikhombisa ubudala. Abazali bondla izilwane ezindizayo isikhathi esithile.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo yi-marsh harrier, ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, okuthi, nakuba zingabeki ingozi ethile ezinyoni ezindala, zingaphathwa yizo, izilwane ezincane, amaphuphu kanye ne-clutch. Ezinye izidlo nazo zingaba izitha ezingaba khona.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ezinhlotsheni ezine ezikhona njengamanje, eyodwa ingaphansi kokuvikelwa okukhulu - inyoka yaseNdiya.... Inani labantu lehle kakhulu ngenxa yesenzo somuntu: ngenxa yokwehla kwendawo yokuhlala nezinye izindlela zokuqubuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izingxenye zase-Asia, kudliwa izinyoni namaqanda.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inani lezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zezinyoka alikhuthazi ukukhathazeka okwamanje, ngenxa yokuthi azivikelwe.
Usongo olungaba khona kulo mndeni ludalwa ukukhishwa okuyingozi okungena emizimbeni yamanzi - izindawo zazo zokuhlala nemisebenzi yabantu ehlose ukwehlisa lezi zindawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izindawo, izinyoka zibhekwa njengezincintisana nabadobi futhi azikhonondi ngazo.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Izinyoni ziyagoba
- Izinyoni ezi-Lapwing
- Izinyoni zepigogo
- Izinyoni Cormorant
Inani lentengiso lalezi zinyoni alilikhulu, kepha lisenenani elilodwa eliwusizo kubantu: njengamanye ama-copepod, intamo yenyoka inika ubulongwe obubaluleke kakhulu - i-guano, okuqukethwe yi-nitrogen okukuyo kuphakame izikhathi ezingama-33 kunomquba ojwayelekile. Amanye amazwe, njengePeru, asebenzisa ngempumelelo amadiphozi amakhulu alo mkhiqizo obalulekile emisebenzini yawo yezomnotho ukuvundisa izitshalo ezibalulekile ezimbonini, kanye nokungenisa kwamanye amazwe.
