I-Wagtails (iMotacilla) bangabamele uhlobo lohlobo lwezinyoni zomculo zomndeni wama-wagtails kanye ne-oda le-Passeriformes. Isidalwa sengoma esinezimpaphe esimangalisayo siwuphawu lweLatvia, olukhombisa inhlalakahle nenhlanhla emazweni amaningi.
Incazelo ye-wagtail
IMotacilla inokwehluka okumbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amalungu omndeni we-wagtail.... Umsila mude futhi umncane, usike uqonde, unezimpaphe ezimbili eziphakathi, ezinde kancane kunezimpaphe ezisemaceleni. Izimpaphe zokuqala zendiza zimfushane ngokuphawulekayo kunezimpaphe zesibili nezesithathu. Ukuba khona kozipho olugobile kancane ezinzwaneni ezingemuva kuyisici.
Ukubukeka
Abamele bohlobo lwegama labo banezici ezikhethekile zokunyakaza komsila. Izici zencazelo yangaphandle zixhomeke kuzimpawu zezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-wagtail:
- UPiebald wagtail - inyoni enobude bomzimba obungu-19.0-20.5 cm, ubude bephiko obungu-8.4-10.2 cm nobude bomsila - abudluli ku-8.3-9.3 cm.Umzimba ongaphezulu ikakhulu umnyama, umphimbo nesilevu kumhlophe;
- I-wagtail emhlophe - inyoni enomsila omude nobude bomzimba obungu-16-19 cm.Umbala ompunga ubusa kakhulu engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, nezimpaphe ezimhlophe engxenyeni engezansi. Umphimbo nekepisi kumnyama;
- I-Mountain wagtail - umnikazi womzimba omaphakathi nomsila omude. Ukubukeka kwenyoni kuyefana nencazelo ye-wagtail ephuzi, futhi umehluko omkhulu ukuba khona "kwezinhlangothi" ezimhlophe, kucace ngokusobala nesifuba esiphuzi esikhanyayo nomngcwabo;
- I-wagtail enekhanda eliphuzi - inyoni ebukeka izacile enobude bomzimba obungeqi ku-15-17 cm obunamaphiko angama-24-28 cm. Kuwo wonke umbala wayo, ngokujwayelekile, ifana ne-wagtail ephuzi.
Abamele abancane kunabo bonke bohlobo lwe-Yellow Wagtails, noma i-Pliski, ubude bomzimba wayo abudluli ku-15-16 cm nobunzima obungu-16-17 g.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Umuntu ngamunye omdala unensimu yakhe, lapho azingela khona inyamazane. Uma kungekho ukudla ngaphakathi kwesiza, khona-ke le nyoni iyahamba iyofuna indawo entsha, futhi lapho ivele lapho, yazisa ukufika kwayo ngokukhala okukhulu. Uma umnikazi wensimu engaphenduli kulokhu kukhala, khona-ke inyoni iqala ukuzingela.
Ukuba nolaka akuvamile ngokuphelele ngezinqola zemikhumbi ngokwemvelo, kepha uma ivikela imingcele yendawo yayo, inyoni enjalo iyakwazi ukuhlasela ngisho nokubonakaliswa kwayo, okuvame ukuba imbangela yokufa kwale nyoni. Abamele lolu hlobo bahlala emhlanjini omncane ngokwanele ngokwesibalo sabantu, futhi lapho kuvela umhlaseli endaweni yezilwane, zonke izinyoni zigijimela kuyo ngokungesabi ukuvikela imingcele yendawo yazo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Le nyoni yaziswa ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwayo ibheke eningizimu ngamahomoni akhiqizwa yindlala yenyoni, futhi ubude bamahora emini bubangela indlela yokuziphatha kwale nyoni.
Abamele bohlobo bo bafika ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo kanye nezikhathi eziningi zokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, isibalo esanele somiyane asikabonakali, kanti ezinye izinambuzane cishe azibonakali, ngakho-ke izinqola zamahhashi zizama ukuhlala eduze nemifula, lapho kuvela khona amanzi ezindaweni ezisogwini kanye nezicucu zeqhwa eziphukile. Kukuzo zindawo lapho izilwane ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini "zomile".
Zingaki izinqola ezihlala
Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe sabamele uhlobo lohlobo emvelweni olusungulwe ngokubhekwa cishe iminyaka eyishumi, kepha ngokunakekelwa okufanele ekuthunjweni, izinyoni ezinjalo zivame ukuhlala iminyaka embalwa ngaphezulu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
I-dimorphism ephawuleka kakhulu yaziwa ngokushesha kwezinye izinhlobo... Isibonelo, abesilisa bohlobo lwe-Wagtail olunamakhanda amnyama ngesikhathi sokukhwelana banesihloko esimnyama esimnyama sekhanda, amatomu naphezulu kwentamo, kwesinye isikhathi ingxenye engaphambili engemuva. Inyoni encane ngemuva kokuncibilika ekwindla iyefana ngokufana nezinsikazi. Umbala we-ibex wesilisa ngenkathi yokuzalaniswa umelwe ikakhulukazi ngamathoni ampunga engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wonke, futhi unombala ophuzi engxenyeni engezansi, futhi intamo ihluke kakhulu, imnyama.
Izinhlobo ze-Wagtail
Izinhlobo ezaziwayo zabamele uhlobo lweWagtail:
- M. feldegg, noma iWagtail enekhanda elimnyama;
- M. aguimp Dumont, noma piebald wagtail;
- M. alba Linnaeus, noma i-White Wagtail;
- M. capensis Linnaeus, noma uCape Wagtail;
- M. cinerea Tunstall, noma i-Mountain Wagtail enezinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-M.c. cinerea Tunstall, M.c. i-melanope Pallas, M.c. robusta, M.c. patriciae Vaurie, M.c. schmitzi Tschusi noMc. i-canariensis;
- M. citreola Pallas, noma iWagtail enamakhanda aphuzi nezinsizakalo zeMotacilla citreola citreola neMotacilla citreola qassatrix;
- M. clara Sharpe, noma i-wagtail enomsila omude;
- M. flava Linnaeus, noma i-Yellow Wagtail enezinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-M.f. flava, M.f. i-flavissima, M.f. thunbergi, M.f. iberiae, M.f. cinereocapilla, M.f. pygmaea, M.f. feldegg, M.f. lutea, M.f. i-beema, M.f. i-melanogrisea, M.f. plexa, M.f. i-tschutschensis, M.f. angarensis, M.f. leucocephala, M.f. taivana, M.f. i-macronyx ne-M. simillima;
- M. flaviventris Hartlaub, noma iMadagascar Wagtail;
- M. grandis Sharpe, noma i-wagtail yaseJapan;
- M. lugens Gloger, noma inqola yaseKamchatka;
- M. madaraspatensis J. F. Gmelin, noma i-wagtail emhlophe.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu zama-wagtails ahlala eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ku-CIS, kunezinhlobo eziyisihlanu - ezimhlophe, ezinombala ophuzi nophuzi, kanye nezinqola ezinamakhanda aphuzi nezintaba. Kwabahlali bendawo emaphakathi yezwe lethu, abameleli bezinhlobo zeWhite Wagtail bajwayele kakhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ensimini yaseYurophu, izinhlobo eziningi zezinqola zitholakala, kepha i-Yellow Wagtail kwesinye isikhathi ihlukaniswa nohlobo olukhethekile (iBudyte). I-wagtail enamakhanda amnyama eningi ihlala emadlelweni omanzi nasogwini lwamachibi agcwele umhlanga omncane noma izitendi zotshani obuphakeme nezihlahlana ezingatheni. Inyoni ehlala khona I-piebald wagtail ivame ukuhlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu, kuphela emazweni ase-Afrika aseningizimu yeSahara. I-wagtail ephuzi, noma i-pliska, ehlala ezindaweni ezinkulu zase-Asia naseYurophu, e-Alaska nase-Afrika, seyisabalele cishe kulo lonke ibhande lasePalaearctic.
Izidleke ezimhlophe zezinqola ezimhlophe ikakhulukazi eYurophu nase-Asia, kanye naseNyakatho Afrika, kepha abameleli bezinhlobo bangatholakala e-Alaska. Umkhumbi wezintaba uyisakhamuzi esivamile kulo lonke elase-Eurasia, futhi ingxenye enkulu yabantu ihlala ilala kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika nase-Asia. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zizama ukunamathela kuma-biotopes aseduzane namanzi, zikhetha kakhulu osebeni lwemifudlana nemifula, izimfunda ezimanzi nezixhaphozi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kuyamukelwa ngokujwayelekile ukuthi izwe lama-wagtails liyindawo yaseMongolia naseMpumalanga yeSiberia, futhi kamuva nje izinyoni ezinjalo zakwazi ukuhlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi zavela eNyakatho Afrika.
Ehlobo, isidleke esinekhanda eliphuzi esidlekeni emadlelweni amanzi kakhulu eSiberia nasetundra, kodwa lapho kuqala ubusika, le nyoni ifudukela endaweni yaseNingizimu Asia. I-Wagtail enomsila omude, noma i-Mountain Wagtail, ibonakala ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi e-Afrika nase-sub-Saharan Africa, kubandakanya i-Angola neBotswana, iBurundi neCameroon. Bonke abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlala ogwini lwemifudlana ehlathini enesiphepho ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezishisayo noma ezindaweni ezishisayo zamahlathi, kanti futhi atholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama noma ezindaweni ezishisayo zamahlathi asezintabeni.
Ukudla kwe-Wagtail
Impela bonke abamele abomndeni wakwaWagtail bondla kuphela izinambuzane, kuyilapho izinyoni zikwazi ukuzibamba nangesikhathi sendiza. Izinyoni zondla ngokungajwayelekile kakhulu, kanti izimvemvane ezibanjiwe ziqale zidwengulwe amaphiko azo ngamunye ngamunye, ngemuva kwalokho inyamazane idliwa ngokushesha... Imvamisa yokuzingela, izinqola zikhetha osebeni lwamachibi, lapho izibungu zama-mollusk amancane noma ama-caddisflies zingaba yimpango yazo.
Ukudla kwama-wagtails ikakhulukazi kumelwa ama-dipterans amancane, kufaka phakathi omiyane nezimpukane, ezigwinywa kalula yizinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele uhlobo oluthile bazimisele kakhulu ukudla zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu nezimpukane ze-caddis. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi zingakwazi ukuzitika ngamajikijolo amancane noma imbewu yezitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinyoni ezinesayizi elincane zinenzuzo enkulu - izinqola ezinqoleni ngokuzithandela zondla eduze kwezindawo zokudla kwamadlelo ezihlambi zasekhaya noma zasendle futhi zidle izimpukane, kanye nezinye izinambuzane eziningi ezimunca igazi nezicasulayo zisuka emihlane yazo.
Ukudla kukaPriska kufaka phakathi izinambuzane ezincane ezingenamgogodla ezifana nezicabucabu nezimbungulu, izimpukane zamatshe kanye necoleoptera, izimpukane neminyovu, amacimbi nezimvemvane, omiyane nezintuthwane. Izinyoni ezingadli ukudla zivame ukufuna inyamazane yazo phansi kuphela, zihamba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kalula phakathi kotshani.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, owesifazane nowesilisa baqala ukuqoqa amahlumela amancane, ubulembu, izimpande kanye namahlumela, okusetshenziswa izinyoni ekwakheni isidleke esimise okwesigaxa. Isimo esiyinhloko sokufaka isidleke senqwaba yabantu abadala ukutholakala kwamanzi eduze.
Insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi, futhi ku-clutch kuvame ukusuka emaqanda amane kuya kwayisikhombisa, lapho amaphuphu achamisela khona cishe amasonto ambalwa, bese insikazi iphonsa lonke igobolondo esidlekeni ngokushesha.
Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi, i-wagtail ikwazi ukwenza imikhuba emibili. Amachwane asanda kuzalwa ngokuvamile anezimpaphe ezimpunga, eziphuzi noma ezimhlophe-mnyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Wagtails isidleke amahlandla ambalwa ehlobo, isebenzisa lezi zinhloso imifantu esezindongeni, uhlelo lwensika engaphansi kwamabhuloho, ukucindezela kwenhlabathi, imigodi kanye nendawo yezimpande zezimila, kanti isidleke esisontekile sikhululekile futhi sigcwele izinwele noma izihluthu zoboya ezivela ngaphakathi.
Bobabili abazali banakekela ukondla amaphuphu abo, abeshintshana ngokuhamba ukubamba izinambuzane. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, amaphuphu asevele esebaleka futhi ngokushesha aba sephikweni. Ekupheleni kukaJuni nasekuqaleni kukaJulayi, kanye nabazali babo, amaphuphu asekhulile aqala ukufunda ukundiza, futhi lapho kuqala ukwindla, imihlambi yezinyoni igijimela eningizimu.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha ezivame kakhulu ze-wagtail ngamakati afuywayo nasendle, ama-weasel nama-martens, kanye namagwababa namakhukhamba, izinyoni eziningi ezidla inyama... Lapho kuvela izitha, ama-wagtails awandizi, kepha, kunalokho, aqala ukumemeza kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kuziphatha kwanele ukuxosha izitha esidlekeni noma emhlambini.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Iningi lezinhlobo alikho emkhakheni wezinto ezisengozini noma ezisengozini, futhi inani labanye abamele uhlobo lohlobo luyehla kakhulu. Ensimini Yesifunda saseMoscow, izinhlobo zezidlanzi zande kakhulu futhi zivamile. Ngokwesimo sabo, abamele lezi zinhlobo bangabesigaba sesithathu - izinyoni ezisengozini yaseMoscow.
