Emhlabeni jikelele, isihlobo esiseduze samakamela nama-llamas anegama elingacimeki i-alpaca (m.) Sihlonishwa ngoboya baso obuhle kakhulu, okubhekwa njengendatshana ebalulekile yokuthekelisa yasePeru.
Incazelo ye-alpaca
Leli camelid elingenamphunga laliwumphumela wokukhethwa okwenzelwe ukukhulisa inhlobo ethanjisiwe enoboya obuningi obuphezulu.... IVicugna pacos (alpaca) ihlukaniswa njengesilwane esincelisayo esinezinselo, esivela kuVicugna vicugna (vicuña noma i-vigone). IVicuña uqobo lwayo ingaphansi kwe-suborder of callus ezivela emndenini iCamelidae (camelids).
Ukubukeka
Izilwane zihlukaniswa njenge-callus ngenxa ye-corpus callosum ethatha indawo yonyawo nezinselo. Izitho zabo zeminwe emibili zihlonyiswe ngozipho obuthuntu obugobile, ngenxa yalokho ama-alpaca aphoqeleka ukuhamba, ethembele kuma-phalanges eminwe. Ngenxa yalesi sici, wonke ama-callus awanyatheli amadlelo njengezimvu noma izimbuzi. I-alpaca inomlomo ophansi ohlukaniswe kabili, awunawo amazinyo emihlathini engenhla nezinsimbi eziqinile (ezikhulisa yonke impilo) ezansi. Ngenxa yokushoda kwamazinyo aphezulu, izilwane zidabula uhlaza ngezindebe zazo futhi zihlafuna ngosizo lwamazinyo asemaceleni.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-alpaca ne-llama
Bobabili bangabomndeni we-camelid, kepha i-alpaca ithathwa njengeyovela ngqo enhlotsheni ye-Vicuña kanti i-llama iyinzalo yezinhlobo zaseGuanaco. I-alpaca, ecishe ibe yimitha ubude, imvamisa inkudlwana kunemvu, kodwa icishe ilingane nengxenye yellama. I-alpaca endala inesisindo esingu-45-80 kg, kuyilapho i-llama endala isisindo esingu-90-160 kg. Futhi, zihlukaniswa ukucushwa kwesifonyo: ku-llama iphakeme kakhulu, ku-alpaca isicabalele. Cishe abukho noboya ebusweni nasekhanda le-llama, kuyilapho i-alpaca inama-bangs amade, ashubile amboze amehlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhanda le-llama linezindlebe ezifana nezikabhanana. Ama-Alpaca anama-auricles amancane futhi abukeka njengonxantathu.
Ukusuka ngaphakathi, uboya obuqatha be-llama buphindiwe yingubo yangaphansi, engekho engutsheni ye-alpaca ethambile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka koboya bayo kukhulu kakhulu, okukuvumela ukuthi usike kaningi ngendawo encane yokucubungula. Umehluko ubuye ubonwe kubalingiswa. Ama-alpaca anobungane awajwayele ukukhahlela, alume noma akhafulele ngaphandle kwesizathu, njengoba kwenza i-llamas. Lezi ezokugcina kwesinye isikhathi ziyasuka eqenjini, kuyilapho i-alpaca ikhetha ukuhlala emhlambini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Zombili lezi zinhlobo ziyazalana, zikhiqiza i-huarizo (uariso). I-hybrid iyalalela futhi kulula ukuyilawula, noma kunjalo, ayinayo iqolo eliqinile le-llama nezinwele ezimangalisayo ze-alpaca, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ayikwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha.
Futhi into yokugcina. Ama-Alpaca ayaziswa njengabakhiqizi abakhulu boboya obuyingqayizivele, yingakho engasetshenziswa njengezilwane zokupakisha (ngokungafani namaLlamas). Kuthiwa ama-lamas aze anikezwe imisebenzi yokwelusa ukuze abeke iso kuma-alpaca.
Uboya
I-alpaca inoboya obude obuthambile obulenga emaceleni ngo-15-20 cm, oya kuzwela, indwangu noma intambo. Izilwane zigundwa ngendlela efanayo nezimvu, kodwa zithola uboya obuqine ngokuphindwe kathathu futhi zifudumele ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa kunezimvu. Iphalethi yombala ifaka ngaphezulu kwama-52 (!) Ama-shades wemvelo, ethandwa kakhulu (kepha angavamile) phakathi kwawo abonwa njengamhlophe, ngoba kulula ukungcoliswa.
Uboya be-albino budingeka kakhulu futhi buthengiswa ngentengo ephezulu, yingakho ama-alpaca amhlophe enenzuzo enkulu yokuzalanisa... Uboya, obugundiwe ezilwaneni ezisencane, buthakazelelwa ikakhulukazi, naphezu kwevolumu yabo encane (kufika ku-1 kg eminyakeni emi-2). Ukubhekisela, i-alpaca yabantu abadala inika cishe ama-5 kg.
Izakhiwo zoboya be-Alpaca:
- ayiqukethe i-lanolin (amanoni atholakala eboyeni bezimvu);
- i-hypoallergenic (izibungu zothuli aziqali kuyo);
- izinwele zithambile futhi azihlabi njengezimvu;
- ukumelana nokungcola kwangaphandle;
- engasindi ngokwedlulele;
- ivuselela umswakama kahle.
Zonke lezi zimfanelo ndawonye zenza uboya be-alpaca umkhiqizo obalulekile, okuphuma kwawo okuphawuleka ngokusebenziseka kwawo, ukukhanya, ubumsulwa, ukunethezeka nokuqina.
Okubalulekile! Okhaphethi, omagazini nezingubo zombhede ezenziwe ngoboya be-alpaca azilahli ubumsulwa bazo bangempela isikhathi eside. Izingubo ezithungiwe nezilukiwe ezinelebuli le-Alpaca azipheli, azigoqeki, zikugcina ufudumele lapho kubanda futhi kupholile lapho kushisa.
Akumangazi ukuthi abantu baya ngokuya bethenga imikhiqizo, benganaki izindleko zabo eziphezulu.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izivakashi kubonakala sengathi izilwane zihlala impilo yamahhala ngokuphelele, kepha akunjalo. Amanye ama-alpaca agcinwa emapulazini akhethekile, amanye (abanjwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze agundwe) aguqulelwe ekubeni semphakathini wasendle kanye nokudla kwamahhala kwe-alpine.
Impilo endalweni
Ama-Alpaca aqoqelwe emihlambini emincane, imvamisa iba neyesilisa kanye nezinsikazi ezi-4-10. Umndeni unesikhundla esiqinile sokwenqaba abesilisa bangaphandle kanye nomzabalazo wangaphakathi wezikhundla. Izilwane ziphapheme emini bese ziphumula ebusuku: ngalesi sikhathi, zigaya kakhulu ukudla okudliwayo ngosuku. I-Alpaca isebenzisa ulimi lomzimba ukuxhumana nama-alpaca, kufaka phakathi ukutsheka kwendlebe, ukujikeleza kwentamo nokuma komzimba.
Amalungu omhlambi ayazehlisa komunye nomunye futhi kuyaqabukela athukuthele. Njengomthetho, babalekela ingozi. Naphezu kokuzivumelanisa nezintaba, ama-alpaca (ngokungafani nezimbuzi zasentabeni) angadla kuphela ezindaweni eziqondile ezinendawo enkulu. Ukusinda ezimweni ezinzima zezintaba eziphakeme (ezinokuhlukahluka kokushisa kwama-degree angama-30) kunikezwa ngezici eziphawulekayo zoboya, kanye nokwakheka kwamaseli abomvu egazi. Njengamanye ama-callus, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu e-alpaca awazungezi, kodwa ayi-oval, ngakho-ke maningi. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwama-erythrocyte, izilwane zingaphefumula kalula ngisho nomoya omncane.
I-Alpaca nendoda
Ekuthunjweni, ama-alpaca ajwayela abantu ngokushesha, ekhombisa izici zabo ezinhle kakhulu - ilukuluku, ukuthula, amahloni nentelezi. Ngokwesimilo, afana namakati, njengoba eza kumuntu ngokuya ngesifiso sakhe. Njengawo wonke ama-camelids, i-alpaca ikhafula ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha lokhu ikwenza kaningi kakhulu kune-llamas, futhi imvamisa uma kunesidingo, izikhulule kwi-acid engathandeki yesisu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuhlanza amathe kubhekiswe kakhulu emhlambini othile futhi, kuyaqabukela, kubhekiswe kubantu abangenazwelo. Abesifazane abasesimweni sokuthakazelisa "baphinde babuye" ngamathe avela emadodeni anenkanuko ikakhulukazi abangena kubo.
Ngokuvamile, ama-alpaca izidalwa ezihlakaniphile nezihlanzekile ezisusa isidingo ezindlini zangasese zomphakathi (ezifakwe emapulazini). Izilwane ziyawathanda amanzi, lapho zivame ukuqabuzela, ukubhukuda noma ukuqamba amanga nje. Ngezikhathi ezithile benza imisindo ehlekisayo ebukeka njengemvu ethule. I-alpaca ebalekayo ikhombe ama-Inca ngengozi, ngemuva kwalokho kwakudingeka ukuxosha ukuhlaselwa komzingeli noma ukujoyina isilwane esinezinselo. Namuhla, ama-alpaca abamba iqhaza ngempumelelo ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa kwezilwane noma izilwane, okuba nomthelela omuhle ezinganeni nakubantu abadala.
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani ama-alpaca
Ngokusho kweminye imibiko, yizilwane ezivamile ukuthanjiswa kuphela, ezichitha isikhathi esiningi ezintabeni, eziphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20-25... Ama-alpaca asekhaya akhuliswe emapulazini anempilo ephindwe kathathu - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7 (imininingwane eqinisekiswe ngokunganele).
Izinhlobo ze-Alpaca
Abafuyi bakhiqize izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukaniswe ukuthungwa / ukwakheka koboya - uHuacaya (Wakaya) noSuri (Suri). Njengoba uhlobo lokuqala luvame kakhulu, yiHuacaya evame ukubizwa ngegama elijwayelekile elithi "alpaca". I-huakaya inengubo emfushane lapho izinwele zikhula zibheke ngasesikhunjeni, zinikeze izilwane ukubukeka kwamathoyizi amahle.
ISuri, enoboya bayo obude obuthambile obeluka ama-dreadlocks ezansi, iyinhlangano ekhethekile (engu-5% noma eyi-120 eyizinkulungwane) futhi ebaluleke kakhulu (ebiza kabili njengeWakaya) yama-alpaca. Kwakungoboya bukaSuri obukade busetshenziselwa izingubo zabantu abethweswe imiqhele. URuno Suri (ngokumelene neWakaya engemuva) ubukeka emkhulu futhi efanelana kakhulu. Ayinazinwele zokuqapha ezinciphisa ikhwalithi yoboya, kepha inezinwele ezinhle, eziqondile (19-25 microns) ezinamaphethelo asontekile.
Indawo yokuhlala
AmaNdiya asePeruvia aqala ukubamba okhokho be-alpaca cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha eyedlule. Ngokwenganekwane, uboya bezilwane (lapho nomquba owawusetshenziselwa uphethiloli wawunenani) zathola igama elingokomfanekiso "intambo yonkulunkulu".
Futhi esikhathini sethu, ama-alpaca, iningi lawo elihlala ePeru, lihlala lingumthombo obalulekile wemali yamaNdiya anamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zihlala enyakatho yeChile, e-Ecuador, entshonalanga yeBolivia nase-Argentina. Imihlambi ye-Alpaca izulazula ezinkangala zasePeruvia (amamitha angu-800 ngenhla kogu lolwandle) futhi iklaba ezinkangala zase-Andes (endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3.5-5.0), ifinyelela umngcele weqhwa ngezimila ezingatheni.
Ukudla kwe-Alpaca
Ahluke neze ekudleni kwehhashi - ama-alpaca awathobeki futhi avame ukwaneliseka ngotshani obusha... I-acre eyodwa ingadlisa izilwane ezi-6-10.
Imenyu ivame ukufaka:
- izitshalo herbaceous;
- amahlumela;
- ubulembu;
- amaqabunga;
- usawoti uyakhotha.
Ekufuneni izitshalo ezintsha nezinomsoco, ama-artiodactyls ahlola ngokucophelela amathafa aphakeme kakhulu futhi ahamba kancane. Uma kunesidingo, umhlambi uthuthela ezindaweni ezivundile ngokwengeziwe. Abalimi abacebile bavame ukucebisa amadlelo abo ngokutshala i-clover noma i-alfalfa emadlelweni abo, kanye nokungeza amaminerali notshani ezilinganisweni zabo ze-alpaca.
Lapho usondla, amaphuzu amaningi kufanele abonwe:
- idlelo elingenalo ukhula olunobuthi;
- ikhwalithi ephezulu (enamaprotheni);
- isilinganiso esifanele samaminerali;
- amakhambi ezinambuzane namavithamini (kanye ngenyanga);
- ukufinyelela okungenamkhawulo kwamanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukugcizelelwa kokudla okunomsoco kutshani / hay, yize inani lansuku zonke elidliwe lincane - 1.5 kg nge-55 kg yesisindo sayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-alpaca eyodwa idla cishe u-500 kg wefula ngonyaka. Inani nokwakheka kokudla okudliwayo nako kuya ngeminyaka (ithole noma umuntu omdala), ubulili, ukukhulelwa nesikhathi sokuncelisa.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana se-Alpaca asikhawulelwe futhi sihlala unyaka wonke... Umholi umboza bonke abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi besifazane bakhe. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-harem aqoqelwa emhlambini omkhulu, okuholela ezimpini ezinobudlova phakathi kwabesilisa.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-alpaca ekuthunjweni kulawulwa ngabantu, kuzalaniswa izilwane eziya ocansini obuhlukile ezindaweni ezihlukile futhi kuvumela abesilisa abathembisayo kakhulu ukuthi bashade.
Abesifazane abavundile ikakhulukazi futhi bathambekele ekuphuphumeni kwesisu, kepha banempahla ethokozisayo - ukukhulelwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka noma sosuku, ngoba i-ovulation yenzeka ngakho konke ukuxhumana nendoda. Insikazi isilungele ukuya ocansini ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeletha, kepha, ngokumangazayo, inzalo izalwa cishe kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Ukuthwala kuhlala izinyanga eziyi-11, kufinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokuzalwa kwethole, okuthi emva kwehora lisukume ngokuzethemba. I-alpaca esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingu-1 kg, kepha ikhula ngokushesha, ifinyelela kuma-30 kg ngezinyanga eziyi-9 (imvamisa ngalesi sikhathi umama uyeka ukumfunza ngobisi). Ukukhula komzimba okujulile kuyaqhubeka kuze kube unyaka wesithathu wokuphila, futhi imisebenzi yokuzala ye-alpaca "iyavuka" ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo zama-callus ikakhulukazi ama-cougars amakhulu nezingwe. Ama-Alpaca alwa nezilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye ngokusebenzisa izingalo zawo ezingaphambili nesikhali sophawu lwentengiso, amathe. Ukuzivikela, izilwane zenza imisindo zixwayisa amaqabane engozi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Izishoshovu zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi akukho okusongela ubukhona be-alpaca, ngakho-ke ayifakwanga kwi-International Red Book.
Okubalulekile! Lezi zinhlobo zivikelwe yimithetho yezemvelo yasePeru evimbela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nokubulawa kwama-alpaca. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva, inani labantu basePeruvia lifinyelela kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 (ama-88% wabantu bomhlaba).
Imizamo ephindaphindwayo yokwethula izilwane endle (ngaphandle kwaseNingizimu Melika) yehlulekile, kepha ikhuliswa ngempumelelo emapulazini / ezinkulisa ezizimele e-Australia (ngaphezu kwamakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60), eYurophu nase-USA. I-Alpaca nayo yavela eRussia: insikazi ingathengwa ngamaRandi ayizinkulungwane eziyi-13, owesilisa - ngamaRandi ayizinkulungwane eziyi-9.
