Izilwane ezifuywayo ezinemilenze emine zisengozini yokutheleleka ezindlebeni njengabantu, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nangaphezulu. Njengokunye ukutheleleka, i-otitis media ezinjeni ingasheshe ithathe ifomu eliyingozi uma ishiywe ingalashwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo ngesikhathi futhi uselaphe ngendlela efanele.
Yini i-otitis media
Indlebe yenja enempilo inezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko... Indlebe engaphandle iqukethe i-auricle, isihlangu esiqondisa umsindo emseleni omncane wendlebe omise okwenziwe ngo-L ongena ezingxenyeni ezijulile zendlebe. Isiteshi esime njengo-L kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi sinesigaba esiqonde mpo nesivundlile.
Okubalulekile!I-Otitis media inqubo yokuvuvukala eqala kwesinye sezigaba ezingenhla.
Indlebe ephakathi iqukethe izingxenye eziqhuba umsindo nezakhiqiza umsindo. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza ukuzwa okunamandla kwesilwane. Ziqukethe umgodi we-tympanic, ulwelwesi, ishubhu lokuzwa namathambo - i-malleus, incus kanye ne-stapes. Umgodi wendlebe ophakathi nendawo uhlanganiswe namaseli we-columnar epithelial axubene namaseli e-muco-Production goblet.
Inezimbali ezivamile zebhaktheriya. Indlebe ephakathi ixhuma emuva kwepharynx ngomsele wokuzwa ukusiza ukulinganisa ingcindezi yomoya emgodini we-tympanic. Indlebe yangaphakathi ixhuma ebuchosheni futhi iqukethe izinzwa, ezimelelwe njenge-membranous bony labyrinth.
Kungani lesi sifo siyingozi?
I-Otitis media yisifo esivame kakhulu lapho izilwane ezihamba ngezinyawo ezine zingeniswa emitholampilo. Lesi sifo esibonakala silula singayilimaza kakhulu impilo yesilwane esifuywayo, esizizwa singaphatheki kahle nobuhlungu njalo. Futhi isifo esishiyelwe engozini singaholela nasekufeni kwesilwane.
I-Otitis media
Ezinjeni, i-otitis media ivame ukuvela ekuthuthukiseni kwezifo ezixubekile zebhaktheriya noma isikhunta emgodini wendlebe, zisakazeka zisuka emgodini wokuhlola wangaphandle. Futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ukutheleleka okubangelwa i-hematogenous bacterial noma ukulimala kanzima ekhanda ngezinkinga ngendlela yokuphendula kokuvuvukala kwesibili kungaba imbangela. I-Otitis media nayo ingenzeka ngenxa ye-neoplasia (ngokwesibonelo, i-follicular cyst, cholesteatoma, noma i-adenocarcinoma).
Noma uzuzwe njengefa lokuthambekela kwezinye izinhlobo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezilwane lapho, ngenxa yezimpawu zohlobo, ulwanga oluthambile luyaqina futhi ukuvuleka kwethambo le-Eustachian tube kuncishisiwe. Futhi, i-mucopolysaccharidosis ingaba yimbangela ye-otitis media. Isici esivame kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-otitis media ezinjeni ukuzilungisa. Kuyingozi esilwaneni, kokubili ukuhlanzwa okwanele kwemisele yezindlebe, futhi ngokweqile. Ngenxa yokunganele - amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic aqoqa lapho, futhi ngenxa yokweqisa - ungqimba oluvikelayo lwezimfihlo luyagezwa.
Okunye okusengcupheni yizinja ezinomzimba omncane, ezinokuzivikela komzimba obuthakathaka, amazinyo amabi nokushintsha kwamahomoni... I-hypothermia engaguquki, ngenxa yokulala ngaphandle kokulala phansi kubanda noma okusalungiswa, nayo ingadlala indima ebulalayo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ezinye izinto ezinobungozi. Imvamisa i-otitis media ithinteka yizinja ezijwayele ukungezwani nezinto ezithile, ezilimale ekhanda noma zitheleleke ngama-parasites, ngokwesibonelo, izibungu zezindlebe.
Izinhlobo ze-otitis media
Imidiya ye-Otitis, njengesakhiwo sendlebe yenja, ingaba ngaphandle, maphakathi nangaphakathi. Konke kuya ngokuthi yimuphi umnyango othintekile. Imidiya ye-Otitis esifundeni sendlebe yangaphandle ibhekwa njengohlobo oluncane kakhulu lwesifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulokhu, lesi sifo asithinti ngqo usizo lokuzwa. Uma wenza ukuxilongwa okulungile ngesikhathi futhi ubhekane nembangela yakho, ngokuya ngayo yonke imithetho yokwelashwa edingekayo, i-otitis externa ingelashwa kalula.
I-Otitis media iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yalesi sifo. Izinja ezine-otitis media zivame kakhulu. Njengoba izakhi ezibalulekile zokuzwa zitholakala kulesi sigaba, ukulimala okukhulu kwalesi sifo kungahle kugcwale ukukhubazeka kokuzwa. Ukutheleleka kufinyelela kule ndawo ngokusebenzisa igazi, noma kusuka emigodini yangaphandle efana ne-nasopharynx. Isibonelo, uma isilwane sinamazinyo esimweni esingesihle noma sivezwa kaningi ngamagciwane kanye nokuthimliswa, kukhona ingozi ye-otitis media.
Kuyathakazelisa!Endabeni ye-otitis media, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumana nodokotela ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba i-otitis media ende ingaphenduka ibe yangaphakathi, ezoba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu nobukhali bokwelashwa. Akunasimo lapho kufanele uzenzele umuthi, ulandela umuzwa wakho noma iseluleko esivela kubantu abangafaneleki.
I-Otitis media iyinhlobo yesifo esingajwayelekile futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. I-agent ebangela lesi sifo itholakala engxenyeni engaphakathi yendlebe, esiseduzane nobuchopho. Ukwephuza kulokhu kungadlala indima ebuhlungu. Isilwane esifikelwa yilolu hlobo lwesifo singaba yisithulu ngokuphelele noma sife, ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwe-meningitis, uma izinqubo zokuvuvukala ziya kulwelwesi lobuchopho.
Futhi, i-canine otitis media ingahlukaniswa ngokuya nge-causative agent yesifo - yi-exudative, purulent noma i-catarrhal. Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngendlela ebucayi noma engalapheki.
Ngaphezu kwale mikhakha, i-allergen, traumatic and parasitic otitis media nayo iyenzeka ezinjeni. Ngokwamagama kuyacaca ukuthi siyini isizathu. Uma i-traumatic otitis media ingacatshangelwa ngokuhlolwa njalo kwezindlebe zenja, khona-ke i-allergen otitis media inzima kakhulu ukuxilonga ngisho nodokotela bezilwane abanolwazi. Uma kwenzeka, kubalulekile ukukhomba i-allergen.
I-parasitic otitis media ikhula njengomphumela wekoloni lendawo yezindlebe ngama-parasites. Zingalimaza izicubu, zilethe ukutheleleka, umphumela wazo ukuvuvukala, noma zingadala ukungezwani komzimba nemikhiqizo yomsebenzi wazo obalulekile. Okungenwa kalula yizifo izinhlobo ezinamadlebe alenga, acindezelwe ugebhezi. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, umoya ujikeleza kakhulu kulezi zindawo, ngenxa yokuthi kwakheka indawo efudumele, enomswakama - evumela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane.
Izimpawu zemidiya ze-Otitis enjeni
Izimpawu zokutheleleka ezindlebeni zingahluka zisuka komoya zibe zimbi. Izimpawu zibonakaliswa ngokukhethekile uma kwenzeka izifo ziqhubeka.
I-Otitis media inika ukungaphatheki kahle kwesilwane. Ungayibona ekuklwebheni kaningi ngemuva kwezindlebe, ishaya ikhanda. Ukuthambekela kwekhanda kuvame ukubonwa, ikakhulukazi uma ukuvuvukala kukhula emgodini wendlebe ophakathi.
Kuyathakazelisa!I-Otitis media inezimpawu ezikhethekile, ngoba amathuluzi we-vestibular atholakala engxenyeni engaphakathi yendlebe. Phakathi kokungafani kukhona isiyezi, ukuhlanza, ukulahleka kokuma esikhaleni (kubonakala ukunyakaza okungaqondakali kwezidladla nekhanda), ukukhuphuka kwamathe kuyanda.
Izimpawu ze-otitis media ezinjeni zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu nokulunywa.... Ekuhloleni kwangaphandle, ungabona ububomvu, ukugxila kokuvuvukala, ukuqweqeka, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukukhishwa okumnyama noma okuphuzi, nephunga elingathandeki. Isilwane esigulayo asihlaliseki. Efuna ukuqeda ukungaphatheki kahle, uyakwazi ukunikina ikhanda lakhe njalo, agcobe izindlebe zakhe efenisha nasezindongeni. Lapho isimo siba sibi, inja ilahlekelwa ukulingana kwayo, ingahamba isiyingi, iqale ukuzwa okubi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, isabela emiyalweni.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa
Ezimweni eziningi, ukutholakala kokutheleleka kwendlebe enjeni kunganqunywa ngokubonakalayo. Izimpawu zangaphandle zokuthi inja ihlushwa yi-otitis media ingabukeka njengokutsheka kwekhanda le-ipsilateral, ubuhlungu bendlebe yamazinga ahlukahlukene kusuka komnene kuya kokungabekezeleleki. I-Horner's syndrome nayo ingavela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka isimo senja ejwayelekile.
Ezinye izifo zingaba umphumela wezinkinga ze-otitis media. Isibonelo, i-keratoconjunctivitis abscess eyomile noma ye-retrobulbar. Ezimweni eziyivelakancane, izilwane ziba nokuquleka lapho ukutheleleka sekufike ku-cerebral cortex, okuholele ekuthuthukiseni i-meningitis. Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa okulungile, kuzodingeka uthathe isilwane sakho usiyise kudokotela wezilwane ukuze uhlolwe kabanzi.
Inqubo yokuxilonga uqobo lwayo imvamisa iqukethe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- ukubuyekeza nokuxoxa ngezimpawu umnikazi wenja azibonile;
- ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba;
- ukuthatha isampula lokukhishwa endlebeni ukuze lihlaziywe elebhu.
Ukuhlolwa kwendlebe kuvame ukuveza ukuqhuma kolwelwesi lwe-tympanic ngenxa yokuqhuma ketshezi okuphumelelayo. Ngenkambo engapheli, izinguquko ze-hyperplastic zingabonakala kulayini we-epithelial. Izinguquko ezinjalo zithatha isikhathi eside ukubuyisa ngokugcwele.
Lapho udokotela wezilwane esekuqinisekisile ukuthi inja yakho inegciwane lendlebe, uhlelo lokwelashwa lungenziwa ngokuya ngomthombo wokutheleleka. Udokotela uzoqala azame ukuthola ukuthi ngabe imbangela bekungumzimba wangaphandle yini emgodini wendlebe wesilwane noma ukulimala endlebeni. Uma udokotela wakho ethola into yangaphandle, umkhaza, noma isibungu ngaphakathi komsele wendlebe, mhlawumbe uzolalisa inja ukuze asuse into noma into futhi ahlanze kahle umgodi wendlebe. Ngalo mphumela, izidakamizwa zizohluka ngokuphelele. I-otoscope isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa. Uma lesi sifo sibangela isilwane ubuhlungu obedlulele obusenza singakhululeki noma sibe nolaka, udokotela wezilwane uzosikisela ukusetshenziswa kwezidambisi noma i-anesthesia.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuhlolweni yisivivinyo se-cytology, okususwa kuso isampula elincane emseleni wezindlebe bese lihlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuzokwenzeka ukunquma uhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo ezibangela ukutheleleka futhi kunqume ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu kwesilwane. Uma kubandakanyeka okungaphezu kokukodwa komzimba, kuzodingeka imishanguzo eminingi yezenzo ezahlukahlukene ukuze ususe ngokuphelele ukutheleleka. Imithi elwa namagciwane ivame ukunikezwa ukutheleleka kwamagciwane.
Uma ukutheleleka kusendlebeni ephakathi, ukwelashwa kungaba nzima kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kuleli cala kungabandakanya ama-x-ray, ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa kungathatha amasonto ayisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukunciphisa umsebenzi wesilwane.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isikhathi eside ukutheleleka kukhula ngaphandle kokungenelela okunekhono, kulapho kuba nzima kakhulu ukuselapha. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuthatha isilwane sakho usiyise kudokotela lapho kuvela inkinga yokuqala. Uma ukutheleleka kungakakhuli kakhulu, umonakalo obangelwe wona ungalungiswa ngenqubo yokuhlinzwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha yonke imiyalo engenhla ngokungathí sina futhi uqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Kuyathakazelisa!Njengomthetho, ngemuva kokuhlanza imisele yezindlebe emthonjeni wokuvuvukala, ukwelashwa kwasendaweni kunqunyiwe. Ngokuya ngomthombo wesifo, udokotela wezilwane uzokhipha amathonsi abulala amagciwane, i-anti-yeast, i-corticosteroid nemithi elwa namagciwane.
Ukutheleleka kwendlebe kulashwa ngama-antibiotics... Le yindlela ejwayelekile futhi ephumelela kunazo zonke yokulwa ne-otitis media. Imithi yaleli qembu iqeda amagciwane ayingozi, ngaleyo ndlela ekugcineni isuse umthombo wesifo kanye nesifo uqobo. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalo ebekiwe yemithi njengoba ushiwo ngudokotela wakho, njengoba kusetshenziswa imithi enamandla engaba nemiphumela engemihle noma engasebenzi uma ingasetshenziswa kahle. Uma inqubo yokwelashwa ingasebenzi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubuyisele isilwane kudokotela wezilwane ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuphenywa kwalesi sifo.
Ukuvimbela i-otitis media enja
Indlela elula yokwelapha izifo, njengoba wazi, ukuvimbela. Ngisho nokugcoba izindlebe zakho masonto onke kuzoba wusizo olukhulu empilweni yenja yakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma enezindlebe ezinde nezishintshashintshayo ezinezinwele eziningi ngaphakathi, noma ehlushwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha njengokungezwani nesikhathi sonyaka. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, ukuzilungisa njalo kule ndawo kungenziwa.
Udokotela wakho wezilwane angancoma ukuthi kuhlanzwe izindlebe ongazisebenzisa esilwaneni sakho masonto onke ukugcina izindlebe zihlanzekile futhi zingenayo imfucumfucu namagciwane. Le nqubo ingabonakala ibuhlungu, kepha odokotela bezilwane bancoma ngokuqinile ukuthi bangayeki le nqubo, bayiphinde masonto onke.
Lapho le nqubo yenziwa kaningi futhi ekuqaleni kwayo kuqalwa, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuthi isilwane siyijwayele. Uma inja ithambekele ekungeneni kokungenwa yizindlebe noma ezinye izifo, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukubona udokotela ngemuva kokuqala kokugula, kodwa futhi nokuhlola njalo ukuzivikela.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukubonisana nodokotela wesikhumba wezilwane oqinisekiswe yibhodi kungasiza kakhulu ekutholeni ukuxilongwa okuyimpumelelo, uhlelo lokwelashwa kanye nokuvikela okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kuzokhulula ukubukeka kwemithombo ephindaphindayo nengapheli ye-otitis media ngokuzayo.
Abanye abantu bathambekele ku-otitis externa ngenxa yesimo esiyingqayizivele sezindlebe zabo. Ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kuvame ukudala ukuncipha okubonakalayo komsele wezindlebe, okusiza ukugcina umswakama nezimfihlo, okuyizimo ezifanele zokutheleleka ukutheleleka. Ukuhlolwa okulungile ngokuxilongwa ngokucophelela kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelashwa olusebenza kahle kakhulu lwesilwane esithintekile.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- I-Pyometra enjeni
- I-Enteritis enjeni
- Izikelemu enjeni
- Isifo sokuwa ezinjeni
Zonke iziguli ezine-otitis media zithola ukwelashwa okulwa nokuvuvukala kwe-steroid nokuhlanzwa kwendlebe okufanele, lokhu okudingekayo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic noma kwe-antifungal. Uma sekwenziwe umonakalo omkhulu endlebeni yangaphandle, ukuhlinzwa kungabuyisa induduzo futhi kuqinisekise ukululama okuphelele.
Ingozi kubantu
Ukudluliselwa kwesilwane nomuntu kwe-otitis media akunakwenzeka, kepha ezinye izinyathelo zokuqapha kufanele zithathwe... Ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa nge-bacterial otitis media yangaphandle. Ukutheleleka, amabhaktheriya asendlebeni yenja kumele afike kumuntu. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kwenzeke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungavumeli isilwane kwimikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yomndeni, embhedeni nasetafuleni.
Kubalulekile ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngemuva kokuxhumana noma ukuhlanzeka kwendlebe. Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kanye nezingane ezincane bangcono ekunciphiseni ukuxhumana kwabo nesilwane kuze kube isikhathi sokululama. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kuma-otitis media, okubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Amagciwane athathelwana kakhulu futhi ayaguquguquka. Futhi i-otitis media ingumphumela wesifo kuphela.
