I-carp yesiliva (lat. Carassius gibelio, noma uC. Auratus gibelio) imele inhlanzi ehlanjululwe ngemisebe yamanzi angenasawoti egcwele kakhulu. Ama-Silver crucians angaphansi kohlobo lweCarp nomndeni omkhulu weCarp ovela ku-Carp oda. Abadobi abanolwazi bavame ukubiza izinhlanzi ezinjalo nge-oblong crucian carp noma i-hybrid.
Incazelo yegolide
Ubuningi bezinhlobo ezaziwayo, kanye nezinhlobo zesimanje nezinhlobo ezincane zezilwane zasemanzini ezinegazi elibandayo ezinokuma komzimba okuhambisanayo zingabamele izinhlanzi ezihlanjululwe ngemisebe (i-Astinorterygii). Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwezinhlanzi ezingaphansi kukaRay olwenziwe ngomshini okwamanje alwakhiwe ngokuphelele, kepha isayensi ikufakazele ukuthi izilwane ezahlukahlukene ngokubukeka, kufaka phakathi i-goldfish, zehluke kakhulu endleleni yokuphila nezimo zokuphila eziyisisekelo.
Ukubukeka
I-carp yesiliva inokuhlukahluka okuningana okubonakalayo kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezingekho ngaphansi kokuvamile - iGolden, noma okuthiwa yi-Common carp (Carassius carassius)... Ingxenye yomlomo kaCarassius gibelio, noma uC. Auratus gibelio wohlobo lokugcina, ngaphandle kobukhona bezimpondo. Indawo ye-peritoneal kuleyo nhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti imvamisa ayinamabala. Isiphetho somhlane side ngokwedlulele futhi sigobile ngendlela ebheke ngaphakathi. Amazinyo wepharyngeal angohlobo lohlobo olulodwa lomugqa.
Umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu ungabangelwa izikali ezinemibala elula, elula, kanye nobude obuphansi bomzimba jikelele. Esikhathini esiningi, umbala wezikali zekhaphethi enjalo unombala osiliva-mpunga noma oluhlaza okotshani, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunezibonelo ezinombala osagolide futhi obomvana ngokusawolintshi ongajwayelekile kulezi zinhlobo. Amaphiko acishe abonakale, omnqumo okhanyayo noma ompunga ngombala, ngombala opinki kancane.
Izinkomba zesilinganiso sokuphakama nobude bomzimba zingashintshwa ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezithile zangaphandle, kufaka phakathi izici zezimo endaweni yezinhlanzi. Futhi, isici esihlukile ukwakheka kwemisebe yokuqala yamaphiko endunu nomgogodla, okuwumgogodla onzima one-serrated. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke eminye imisebe yokuphela ibonakala ngokuthamba okwanele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ikhono elimangalisayo le-fishfish kalula ngokwanele ukujwayela izimo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo nokuhlukahluka kokubukeka ngokuhambisana nazo, kwenze ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa uhlobo olusha noluthakazelisayo lwezinhlanzi, olwabizwa nge "Goldfish".
Ezindaweni ezinokuntuleka kokudla, ngisho nabantu abadala bakhula bengekho ngaphezu kwesundu. Isisindo esiphezulu se-fishfish lapho kukhona khona ukudla okuqinile futhi okuzinzile kaningi kungeqi amakhilogremu amabili noma ngaphezulu, ngobude bomzimba womuntu omdala oba ku-40-42 cm.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Imvamisa i-goldfish ihlala eduze naphansi noma ikhuphukela ezihlahleni zezimila ezahlukahlukene ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Esigabeni sehlobo eliningi lezinambuzane, izinhlanzi ezinamahloni ezinamahloni zivame ukukhuphukela ezingxenyeni zamanzi aphezulu.
Ngokwendlela yabo yokuphila, ama-crucian angaphansi kwesigaba sezinhlanzi ezifundayo, kepha abantu abadala abakhulu nabo bangagcina ngamunye ngamunye.
Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemizimba yamanzi, izinkomba zokwenza izinhlanzi nsuku zonke azifani.... Imvamisa, inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi livela kusihlwa nasekuseni kakhulu, kepha kwamanye amachibi namachibi, ukudla okune-carp okuphakelayo kuphela ebusuku, ngenxa yobukhona bezinhlanzi eziyingozi. Futhi, umsebenzi kaCarassius gibelio uthonywa yizimo zezulu nokuguquguquka kwesizini.
Kuyathakazelisa! IGoldfish iyinhlanzi eqaphile, kepha ekhuthele kakhulu, enokuphila okuhlala kakhulu, kepha ngesikhathi sokuzala, abantu abadala bayakwazi ukushiya amanzi echibi baye emithanjeni noma bavuse imifula kakhulu.
Emanzini echibini eligelezayo kanye nedamu elihlanzekile eligcwele eligcwele umbuso omoya-mpilo, i-carpian crucian iyakwazi ukugcina umsebenzi unyaka wonke. Emanzini amile anamathuba amaningi okubulawa yindlala yomoya-mpilo, i-goldfish ivame ukulala isikhathi eside. Izici eziphoqa izinhlanzi ukuthi zinciphise umsebenzi wazo wemvelo zifaka phakathi "ukuqhakaza" kwamanzi okubangelwa ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu le-phytoplankton.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Njengoba ukubonwa kwesikhathi eside kukhombisa, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwenhlanzi egolide cishe siyiminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, kepha abantu abadala kanye nabantu abakhulu, abaneminyaka yobudala engadlula iminyaka eyishumi nambili, nakho kujwayelekile.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izidumbu zesiliva zitholakala emigodini yemifula enjengeDanube neDnieper, iPrut neVolga, kanye nasezindaweni eziphansi ze-Amu Darya neSyrdarya. Abameleli abanjalo bezinhlanzi ezihlanjululwe ngemisebe yamanzi angenasawoti baye basakazeka kakhulu emanzini echibini lezikhukhula zemifula yaseSiberia nase-Amur basin, emanzini omfula asePrimorye, kanye nasemizimbeni yamanzi eKorea naseChina. Indawo yokwabiwa kwemvelo kwenhlanzi yegolide kunzima kakhulu ukuyilulama, kepha inhlanzi enjalo ivumelaniswe kahle nemisinga, zonke izinhlobo zemifula nezilwandle, ngakho-ke ihlala kahle ne-goldfish.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inhlanzi yegolide ibisakazeka ngenkuthalo ngisho nasezindaweni zokuhlala ezintsha kulezi zinhlobo, futhi iyakwazi nokukhipha inhlanzi egolide, ngenxa yokukhuthazeka kwezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu nokukwazi ukusinda emanzini anezinga eliphansi kakhulu lomoya-mpilo. Ezikhathini ezomile, lapho ichibi ngokwemvelo loma, umgodi we-crucian carp ungqimba lodaka, ujulisa amasentimitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa, lapho kulula khona "ukulinda" isikhathi esingesihle neze.
Kuyamangaza futhi ukuthi abameleli balezi zinhlobo bangahlala besebenza ngokuphelele ngenkathi yenqubo yobusika emizimbeni yamanzi efriza phansi. AmaCrucian abanjiwe angaphila izinsuku ezintathu ezitsheni noma umoya obhasikidi ogcwele umoya otshalwe kahle. Kodwa-ke, ukufa okusheshayo kwalezi zinhlanzi kubangelwa ukwanda ngokweqile kwamanzi nge-hydrogen sulfide, kanye nezinye izinto ezinobuthi obukhulu ezintweni eziphilayo.
Izinga lekoloni lamachibi amasha nge-carp yesiliva limangalisa nje, futhi ngokusho kwezinkomba ezinjalo, lolu hlobo lungancintisana ne-Verkhovka engathobekile. Abanye abalimi bezinhlanzi baveza umbono wokuthi i-carp yesiliva ezinqolobaneni zezwe lethu isiphumelele ngempumelelo izihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, i-goldfish ithanda imizimba yamanzi efudumele enamanzi amile nesansi esithambile. Emifuleni, inhlanzi enjalo iyinhlobo engavamile futhi izama ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomsinga ophansi.... Emanzini amachibi namachibi agelezayo, i-carpian crucian yalezi zinhlobo nayo ayivamile.
Ukudla kwe-fishfish
Izinto zokudla eziyinhloko ze-fishfish emnivorous yilezi:
- ezingenamgogodla emanzini;
- ezingenamgogodla semi-emanzini;
- izinambuzane nesigaba sazo sokuba yisibungu;
- zonke izinhlobo ze-algae;
- izimila eziphakeme;
- i-detritus.
Ekudleni kwe-fishfish, ukubaluleka okukhulu kunikezwa ekudleni kwemvelaphi yezitshalo, kanye nama-planktonic, ama-crustaceans. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqala kwesikhathi esibandayo, ukudla kwezilwane kuyathandwa.
Izindawo ezikhulupheleyo echibini nasemanzini echibi zifaka phakathi izindawo ezinodaka kanye nendawo eseduze nogu, ezicebile ezihlahleni zezitshalo ezinamanzi amancane. Kukuzindawo ezinje lapho i-detritus nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zisuswa engxenyeni yesitshalo. Lapho idla endaweni engasogwini, izinhlanzi zenza imisindo yokuthinta kakhulu. Emanzini omfula, i-carp yesiliva igcina imifudlana enamandla amaphakathi noma ahamba kancane. Ubushakatshani botshani obuphansi kwamanzi nemilomo yemifudlana, zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ezilenga ngaphansi kwamanzi nazo ziyakhanga kubaphisi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-carp yegolide ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka emibili kuya kwemine ubudala, kepha ukuzala kwenzeka kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lingu-13-15 ° C. Izindawo ezingezansi, ezikhule kakhulu ngohlaza, zikhethwa njengezindawo zokuzalela izinhlanzi.... Ukutshala, njengokujwayelekile, kuyizingxenye, kepha abamele amanye amadamu asemaqeleni ahlukaniswa ngokuzalela kwamaqanda ngesinyathelo esisodwa. I-Crucian carps izala esimweni sezulu esizolile nesifudumele, imvamisa kusihlwa noma entathakusa, nasebusuku. Isimo sezulu esikahle sinomthelela ekuzalelaneni okunobungane kakhulu nesikhathi esifushane, futhi ezimweni zesimo sezulu esingesihle, inqubo yelulwa ngokusobala.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Mpunga
- Bream
- I-Asp
- UShemaya noma uShamayka
I-goldfish yesifazane ibonakala ngokuthambekela kwe-gynogenesis, emelelwa ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile, okwenziwa ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kowesilisa walolu hlobo. Isici sale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi kuvundiswe amaqanda ezinhlanzi zegolide nobisi lwezinye izinhlobo ze-carp, kufaka phakathi i-carp, i-carp, i-tench ne-goldfish.
Kulokhu, ukuvundiswa okugcwele akwenzeki, ngakho-ke, ukukhuthazwa kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kugcina ngokuvela kwezibungu, okungamakhophi wofuzo lowesifazane. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi inani leminye imizimba yamanzi limelwe ngabesifazane kuphela.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngokuqhathanisa izinhlamvu ze-morphological eziphathelene nenhlanzi egolide ehlala ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, bekungenzeka kutholakale izinga lokuhlukahluka kokuziphatha okubonakala kulezi zinhlobo. Ngokuzisola kwethu okukhulu, emizimbeni eminingi yamanzi iningi labantu lezinhlanzi zegolide, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, lisuswa dengwane "yizitha zemvelo zaphakade", esinye sazo okulele ngaso i-Amur.
Kuyathakazelisa! Khumbula, naphezu kokuthi abantu abadala ababethelwe esiphambanweni abanalo inani elikhulu lezitha zemvelo, inhlanzi enjalo ithanda indlela yokuphila eqaphile.
Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani ne-carps yegolide, igolide ayikwazi ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele ngama-rotan, ngenxa yomsebenzi ophakeme wezinhlobo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ezimweni zokwenza kusebenze okwanele kokuthuthukiswa kwezilwane zasekhaya ezifuywayo kanye ne-ichthyology, kuyaphuthuma ukutadisha zonke izinhlanzi zemvelo ezikhona ngokukhululeka ezihlala emizimbeni eminingi yezwe lethu. Njengoba ukubonwa kukhombisa, kule minyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule, uhlobo lwe-carp yesilonda belulokhu lukhuphula inani lalo eliphelele emigodini ehlukene yamanzi nasemizimbeni ehlukahlukene yamanzi, ngakho-ke uhla lwale nhlanzi lubanzi kakhulu.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokusakazeka okusebenzayo kubhekwa njengokwandiswa kwefomu le-Amur, ukuxubana ne-goldfish nenye i-carp. Phakathi kokunye, inhlanzi yegolide ine-plasticity ebanzi yemvelo, ngakho-ke inani labantu ligcinwa noma ngabe bahlala ezimweni ezahlukahlukene ezingavumi ngaso sonke isikhathi izinhlanzi. Isimo sezinhlobo ze-fishfish: inhlanzi iyinto etholakala kuyo yonke indawo yokudoba kwasendaweni hhayi kuphela, kepha futhi nokudoba amateur nezemidlalo.
Inani lokuhweba
Abamele abaningi be-carp, kufaka phakathi i-goldfish, bayizinhlanzi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo.... Abamele lolu hlobo bangeniswa emanzini eNyakatho Melika, emachibini aseThailand, eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNdiya.
Ngokushesha, i-fishfish igxile kahle, ngenxa yokuthi isiphenduke inhlanzi ethandwayo yezentengiselwano ezweni lakithi, emachibini aseKamchatka. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inhlanzi yegolide ivame ukukhuliswa emapulazini echibini noma ikhuliswe ngabalimi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ama-subspecies e-goldfish aba yisisekelo sokuzalela i-aquarium goldfish nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlobisa eChina.
