I-Aardvark (lat. Orycterorus afer) isilwane esincelisayo njengamanje okuyisona kuphela esimelele i-oda le-Aardvark (Tubulidentata). Ngokungajwayelekile ngokubukeka, isilwane esincelisayo saziwa nangokuthi i-African noma iCape aardvark.
Incazelo ye-aardvark
Ekuqaleni, ama-aardvark anezici ezibekiwe zesakhiwo abhekiswa emndenini wakwa-Anteater... Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi kwenziwa ucwaningo, bekwenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ngokusobala ukuthi ukufana nezindawo zokudlalela phezulu kukha phezulu nje, okwakhiwe ngenxa yokuguquka kwemvelo okuguqukayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kukhona cishe ama-subspecies angaba yishumi nesithupha we-aardvark, lapho inani elikhulu limelelwa yizibonelo ezithile ezibanjiwe.
Kuze kube manje, imvelaphi yabamele i-aardvark oda ayiqondakali kahle, futhi izinsalela eziningi kakhulu zitholakele eKenya futhi zisukela esikhathini sokuqala saseMiocene.
Ukubukeka
Ama-aardvark ayizilwane ezincelisayo ezimangalisayo, ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi esifana nengulube ngokubukeka, ezinempumule evulekile, izindlebe zonogwaja nomsila onamandla wemisipha, ofana nomsila wekhangaru. I-aardvark ibizwa ngegama layo ngesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele semikhakha yomlomo, emelelwa amashubhu we-dentin akhula njalo angenazimpande noqweqwe lwawo. I-aardvark esanda kuzalwa ihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwama-canines kanye ne-incisors, kepha abantu abadala bane-pair kuphela ye-premolar kanye nama-molars amathathu engxenyeni ngayinye yemihlathi. Ingqikithi yamazinyo ingamashumi amabili. Ulimi lude, ngokunamathela okubonakalayo.
Ingxenye ye-olfactory yokhakhayi ibonakala ngokunyuka okunamandla, ngenxa yokuthi umuzwa wokuhogela ungenye yezinzwa eziqine kakhulu nezithuthuke kakhulu zesilwane. Ngaphakathi empumulweni ye-aardvark, kukhona uhlobo lwe-labyrinth, olumelwe ngamathambo amancane ayishumi nambili, okungenakuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo.
Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba womuntu ovuthiwe ngokobulili siyimitha elilodwa nohhafu, futhi umsila ucishe ube uhhafu wemitha. Ukuphakama kwesilwane emahlombe, njengomthetho, akudluli kumasentimitha angama-65. Isisindo se-aardvark siyahluka phakathi kwama-65 kg, kepha kukhona nabantu abakhulu. Kulokhu, insikazi ihlale incane kancane kuneyesilisa.
Umzimba we-aardvark umbozwe isikhumba esiwugqinsi ngezinwele ezincane ezinombala ophuzi onsundu. Ebusweni nasemsileni, izinwele zimhlophe noma zibomvana, futhi emaphethelweni ezinwele, njengomthetho, zimnyama. Ngokukhethekile kudonswa isifonyo, sinwetshelwe kushubhu ende, nenqwaba "yenqwaba" namakhala ayindilinga, kanye nezindlebe eziyizigaxa nezinde kunalokho ezinde.
Imilenze ye-aardvark inamandla futhi ithuthuke kahle, yenzelwe ukumba nokucekela phansi izindunduma zomuhlwa... Izinzwani ziphela ngozipho oluqinile nolufana nezinselo. Abesifazane babonakala ngokuba khona kwamabili wezingono kanye nesibeletho esiphindwe kabili (Uterus duplex).
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Isilwane esincelisayo sihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo futhi eyedwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke isilwane esinjalo sikhetha ukuhlala ngaphakathi komgodi waso. Ukuze uthole ukudla, i-aardvark ishiya indawo yokukhosela ebusuku kuphela, kepha engozini yokuqala ibuyela kuyo ngokushesha noma izama ukuzingcwaba emhlabathini.
Isilwane esisheshayo futhi esixakile sikhetha ukusebenzisa izidladla ezinamandla nomsila oqinile wokuvikela. Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zalesi silwane esincelisayo esingavamile ikhono laso lokubhukuda kahle.
Okubalulekile! Ama-aardvark, kungenzeka, yizilwane zomhlaba, kanye nendawo ejwayelekile yensimu yokudla yesilwane esincelisayo esinjalo ingathatha amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-2.0-4.7.
Umgodi ojwayelekile we-aardvark uyindlela evamile yamamitha amabili, futhi umgodi wokudlela ujulile futhi mude, uphuma kaningana futhi uphelela egumbini elibanzi ngaphandle kokulala. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-aardvark ayakwazi ukuthatha izindunduma ezindala nezingenalutho, futhi, uma kunesidingo, ahlomise imigoqo yesikhashana yokuphumula emini. Umgodi we-aardvark uvame ukusetshenziswa njengekhaya lezilwane eziningi, kufaka phakathi izimpungushe nezimpisi, i-cape hyrax kanye ne-porcupine, i-mongoose, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni namalulwane.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani ama-aardvark?
Ngaphandle kokufihlwa, kwakungatholakala ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila se-aardvark emvelweni asivamile ukudlula iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, futhi uma sigcinwe kahle ekuthunjweni, isilwane esincelisayo singaphila ikota yekhulu leminyaka.
Indawo yokuhlala
Endle, abamele isigaba seMammals kanye nomndeni we-aardvark bahlala e-Afrika, lapho bacishe batholakala kuyo yonke indawo eningizimu yoGwadule lwaseSahara, ngaphandle kwehlathi elingangeneki eCentral Africa.
Ama-aardvark ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kepha gwema izindawo eziminyene zamahlathi emvula e-Equatorial Africa kanye nasemathafeni. Isilwane esinjalo asivumelanisiwe nhlobo nempilo ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi enamatshe, ezingakulungele ukumba izimbobo. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, isilwane esincelisayo asitholakali ngaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Ama-aardvark akhethwa kunama-savanna.
Ukudla kwe-Aardvark
I-Aardvark iyahamba iyofuna ukudla kuphela selishonile ilanga... Ukudla okuvamile kommeleli wesimanje kuphela we-oda le-aardvark kumelwe ikakhulukazi izintuthwane nomuhlwa. Kwesinye isikhathi ukudla kwesilwane esincelisayo kungabandakanya izibungu zazo zonke izinhlobo zamabhungane, izinkumbi kanye namanye ama-Orthoptera, futhi kwesinye isikhathi isilwane esingajwayelekile sidla amakhowe, amadili ezithelo nezithelo zamajikijolo.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwansuku zonke komuntu omdala endle kungabandakanya izinambuzane eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisihlanu. Ulimi lomuntu omdala i-aardvark lukhumbuza kakhulu isitho esifanayo se-anteater - lude futhi luyakwazi ukuphuma emlonyeni ngekota yemitha. Ukumbozwa okukhethekile kolimi ngamathe anamathele nokuhamba kwalo ngokweqile kusiza kakhulu inqubo yokondla zonke izinhlobo, ngisho nezinambuzane ezincane kakhulu.
Okubalulekile! Lapho kugcinwa ekuthunjweni, ukudla kwe-aardvark kufaka phakathi inyama, amaqanda, ubisi nokusanhlamvu, okunezelwa ngamavithamini akhethekile namaminerali.
Ama-Aardvark njengamanje ukuphela kwesilwane esincelisayo esibamba iqhaza ekusakazeni imbewu yezinto zamakhukhamba zomndeni wePumpkin. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokugcwele zimbiwa kalula ezingxenyeni zomhlaba ezijule ngokwengeziwe yi-aardvark. Ngokusobala, yilo kanye leli khono isilwane esinegama lalo, elihumusha ngokuthi "ingulube yomhlaba".
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokumataniswa kwezilwane ezincelisayo siwela esikhathini esihlukile, esincike ngqo kuzici zesimo sezulu nezimo zezulu endaweni yokuhlala yalabo bameleli bezinhlobo ze-Aardvark. Ezinye izingulube "zobumba" ezivuthiwe ngokobulili zihlela imidlalo yokukhwelana entwasahlobo, kanti ezinye - kuphela ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ngokusho kokubona okuningi kososayensi, zonke izimpawu azikho esigabeni sezilwane ezincelisayo ezizodwa.
Ukukhulelwa okubangelwa ukukhwelana kowesifazane nowesilisa ovuthiwe ngokocansi kuvame ukuhlala izinyanga ezingaphansi kwezingu-7. Insikazi ye-aardvark, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki, kanye nezici ze-subspecies, izala izinyane elilodwa kuphela, kodwa ezimweni ezihlukile, kuzalwa izingane ezimbalwa.
Ubude bezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa kaningi abudluli ku-53-55 cm, futhi isisindo somntwana onjalo cishe singama-kilogram amabili. Ekuqaleni, amawundlu anikezwa ubisi lukamama. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela yokudla okunomsoco ihlala isebenza kuze kube izinyanga ezineminyaka emine.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-aardvark amancane aqala ukushiya umgodi wawo wabazali kuphela ngemuva kokufinyelela emasontweni amabili ubudala.
Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi, owesifazane uqala kancane kancane ukufundisa inzalo yakhe imithetho yokuthola ukudla, kanye nezindlela eziyisisekelo zokusinda endle. Noma kwenziwa inqubo yokondla ngokwemvelo ngobisi lukamama, izilwane ezincane zondliwa izintuthwane.
Lapho nje izingane ze-aardvark sezinezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, izilwane esezikhulile ziqala ukufunda kancane kancane ukumba ngokuzimela izimbobo okuthiwa "zokuqeqesha", kepha ngalesi sikhathi uqhubeke nokuhlala nowesifazane "emgodini wabazali". Kuphela lapho zinonyaka owodwa, abasha bayofana ngokuphelele nokubukeka kwabantu abadala, kepha izilwane ezinjalo zizofinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi kusondele eminyakeni emibili yokuphila.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-aardvark, ngenxa yobudlabha bawo kanye nokungasheshi kwawo, angaba yisisulu sezitha zemvelo ezinjengamabhubesi, izingulule, izinhlwathi nezinja zempisi. Ukuqubuka okuncane noma ukusola ubungozi kwenza isilwane sicashe emgodini noma sizingcwabe... Uma kunesidingo, ama-aardvark angazivikela ngezidladla zawo zangaphambili ezinamandla noma umsila wemisipha. Izitha ezinkulu ze-aardvark zifaka phakathi abantu nezimpisi ezinamabala, kanti abasha bangaba yizisulu zempungushe.
Kuyathakazelisa!Esikhathini esiningi, ama-aardvark ahogela ngomsindo noma ngokukhala kancane, kepha ezimweni zokwesaba okunamandla, isilwane esincelisayo sikhipha ukukhala okuyisici nokungajwayelekile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ama-aardvark azingelwa inyama enambitheka njengengulube nezikhumba ezinzima. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukudubula nokubamba izilwane okungagunyaziwe kubangela ukwehla kancane kancane kwenani eliphelele, futhi kwezinye izindawo zezolimo isilwane esincelisayo esinjalo sesicishe saqothulwa ngokuphelele. Njengamanje, ama-aardvark afakiwe kwiSithasiselo II kuya kwa-CITES.
