Irobhothi noma irobhothi yinyoni encane yomndeni wakwaMukholovy. Eminyakeni yama-20 yekhulu elidlule, laba bameleli bezilwane babedume kakhulu eYurophu. Izinyoni zathola ukuqashelwa okunjalo ngenxa yokucula kwazo.
Incazelo ye-robin
Ezinsukwini zakudala, abagcini bamasiko babekholelwa ukuthi inyoni ye-robin ehlala eduze kwendlu iletha injabulo. Kukholakala ukuthi wayevikela ikhaya emililweni, emibangweni nakwezinye izinkinga. Ukucekelwa phansi kwezidleke zerobhothi, lapho kungenzeka, kwakujeziswa ngokuya komthetho ngokugcwele.
Imvamisa, lezi zinyoni zazihlangatshezwa ngabantu basemakhaya nabemba, ngenkathi bemba umhlaba. Izinyoni, zingesabi umphakathi wesintu, zalinda ngomoya ophansi ukuthi umhlaba umbiwe. Lapho umuntu echezuka, irobhothi laliphuthuma ukuzitika ngezibungu ezisanda kumbiwa nezibungu.
Ukubukeka
I-robin iyinyoni encane ye-passerine oda, ebihlukaniswa ngaphambilini yi-oda le-thrushes... Okwamanje, i-robin ingeyomndeni wabadobi bezimpukane. Abesilisa nabesifazane bezinhlobo ziyefana ngombala. Banesifuba esisawolintshi esinezimpaphe ezimpunga ngokugoqana kwesifuba nomlomo. Esiswini, izimpaphe zimhlophe ngezimagqabhagqabha ezinsundu. Ingxenye enkulu yangemuva imbozwe izimpaphe ezinsundu ngokumpunga.
Usayizi wezinyoni usukela ku-12.5 kuye ku-14.0 cm ubude. Imilenze nezinyawo kunsundu. Umlomo namehlo erobin kumnyama. Amehlo makhulu impela, avumela inyoni ukuthi ikwazi ukuzulazula ngokunembile emahlathini aminyene ezihlahleni. Izimpaphe zabantu abangavuthiwe zimbozwe ngamabala ansundu nokumhlophe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuvela ama-orange kanye nokubomvu okukhanyayo emizimbeni yabo.
URobins utholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kusukela eMpumalanga kuya eNtshonalanga yeSiberia naseningizimu kuya eNyakatho Afrika. Abamele lezi zingqinamba babhekwa njengabahleli phansi, ngokungafani nezakhamizi zaseFar North, ezifuduka minyaka yonke zifuna isimo sezulu esifudumele.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Njengomthetho, lezi zinyoni zicula entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuzala, yingakho zivame ukudideka nama-nightingales. Kepha, phakathi kwama-nightingales, abesilisa kuphela abaculayo, ngenkathi kumakhonsathi e-robin, abantu bobubili ubulili babamba iqhaza. Ukucula ebusuku kwamarobhothi asemadolobheni kwenzeka ezindaweni ezigcwele umsindo emini. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi ebusuku bacula kakhulu. Lo mphumela wenziwa ukuthula kwemvelo yokulala ebusuku, ngenxa yalokho imiyalezo yabo ingasakazeka emvelweni ngokucacile.
Yebo, le yimilayezo. Ngokucula okhiye abahlukene, abesifazane bazisa abesilisa ngokulungela kwabo ukuzala, kuthi abesilisa bamemezele imingcele yezindawo zabo. Ebusika, ngokungafani nehlobo, izingoma zithola amanothi abukekayo. Izinsikazi zihamba ibanga elifushane ukusuka endaweni yokuhlala yasehlobo ziye endaweni engomakhelwane efaneleke kakhulu ekudleni kwasebusika. Abesilisa abashiyi indawo ehlala kuyo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngokwemvelo, kunabesilisa abaningi kunabesifazane. Ngakho-ke, iningi lamadoda lishiywa lingenabo ababili. Izinyoni ezingashadile ngentshiseko encane, ngokungafani nezihlobo zazo ezishadile, zigada insimu. Abanye, njengoba bengenamakhaya abo nhlobo, bahlangana ngamaqembu ebusuku noma balale nabanye, abesilisa abangashadile abanomoya wokungenisa izihambi.
Ziyasebenza ebusuku ngesikhathi sokuzingela izinambuzane, ngokuya ngokukhanya kwenyanga okukhanyayo noma ukukhanya okufakelwayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amarobhothi aseBrithani nase-Ireland awabesabi abantu futhi athanda ukusondela, ikakhulukazi lapho emba inhlabathi. Kula mazwe, izinyoni azithintwa.
Emazweni ase-Continental Europe, kunalokho, njengezinyoni eziningi ezincane, zazingelwa. Isimo ngakubo besingathembi ngokusobala.
Abesilisa bakaRobin babonakala ekuziphatheni okunokhahlo kwendawo. Ikakhulukazi abamele imindeni. Bahlasela amanye amaduna, bavikela imingcele yezindawo zabo. Kuke kwaba nezimo zokuhlaselwa kwezinye izinyoni ezincane ngaphandle kokucasuka. Ukufa okuvela kumbango wangaphakathi kubangela cishe amacala ayi-10% phakathi kwalezi zinyoni.
Irobhothi lihlala isikhathi esingakanani
Ngenxa yesilinganiso esiphakeme sokufa ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa, isilinganiso sempilo ye-robin yiminyaka eyi-1.1. Kodwa-ke, abantu abadlulile kulesi sikhathi bangathembela empilweni ende. Isibindi eside sikarobin endle sarekhodwa eneminyaka engu-12.
Kuyathakazelisa!URobins ohlala ezimweni ezifanele zokufakelwa noma zasekhaya angaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu. Isimo esiyinhloko ukunakekelwa okufanele.
Izimo zezulu ezingafanele nazo ziholela ekufeni okuphezulu. Kalula nje, ezinye izinyoni ziyafa, azikwazi ukumelana namakhaza nokuntuleka kokudla okubangelwa amazinga okushisa aphansi.
Indawo yokuhlala
Irobhothi litholakala e-Eurasia empumalanga kuya eWestern Siberia, eningizimu kuya e-Algeria. Zitholakala naseziqhingini zoLwandle i-Atlantic, ngisho nasentshonalanga ye-Azores neMadeira. Asizange sihlangane nabo ngaphandle kwase-Iceland. Eningizimu-mpumalanga, ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kufinyelela ogwini lwaseCaucasia. Irobhothi laseBrithani, iningi labantu, lihlala ebusika ezindaweni zalo zokuhlala.
Kepha idlanzana elithile, imvamisa abesifazane, lithuthela eningizimu yeYurophu naseSpain ebusika. Amarobhothi aseScandinavia naseRussia athuthela e-UK naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, ebalekela ubusika obunzima besifunda sabo sangakubo. URobin ukhetha amahlathi esihlahla sonwele ngesihlahla sezindawo zokwakha izidleke eNyakatho Yurophu, ngokungafani namapaki nezingadi eziseziQhingini zaseBrithani.
Imizamo yokwethula lezi zinyoni e-Australia naseNew Zealand ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 ayiphumelelanga. Badedelwa eMelbourne, Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington, Dunedin. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo aluzange lube nezimpande kula mazwe. Kube nokufuduka okufanayo eNyakatho Melika, lapho izinyoni zamiswa ngemuva kokudedelwa eLong Island, eNew York ngo-1852, e-Oregon ngo-1889-92, naseSaanich Peninsula eBritish Columbia ngo-1908-10.
Ukudla kukaRobin
Ukudla kusekelwe ezinambuzaneni ezahlukene, izinambuzane... Uthanda ukuzitika ngama-robins nezikelemu zomhlaba ngamajikijolo nezithelo.
Yize le mikhiqizo isemenyu kuphela esikhathini sasehlobo-ekwindla. Izilwane ezingenamgogodla zivame ukucoshwa phansi yizinyoni. Bangadla ngisho nomnenke, yize bancane nje. URobins ubonakala nje eyizinyoni eziyizindilinga, ezinamabhodwe. Eqinisweni, uphaphe lwawo aluhlangani ngokuqinile emzimbeni, lwakha uhlobo lokushibilika nobuningi bekhava.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngesikhathi sekwindla-ebusika, lapho kufika isimo sezulu esibandayo, ama-robins ayahamba ayofuna umthombo wemifino wokudla. Ziphila ngokudla zonke izinhlobo zezinhlamvu, zindizela kubaphakeli bezinyoni ukuze zidle okusanhlamvu nemvuthu yesinkwa. Ungabathola futhi eduze kwemizimba yamanzi engabandi.
Emanzini angajulile, izinyoni zingadla izidalwa eziphilayo, ngakho-ke zihamba phezu kwamanzi ngaphandle kokwesaba. Ukwesaba kukarobhothi endodeni kumnika ithuba lokusebenzisa imisebenzi yakhe noma nini. Imvamisa lapho abembi, le nyoni ihambisana namabhere nezingulube zasendle ehlathini, ezivame ukumba phansi. Imvamisa lolu hambo luhlelwa kanye namatshwele ukuze luzibonise mathupha ukuthi likuthola kanjani ukudla.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izinyoni zikaRobin zikhulisa inzalo kabili ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo, okokuqala - ekupheleni kukaMeyi, okwesibili - ngoJulayi. Banethuku elihle lobuzali. Futhi uma elinye lamabele lalahleka nganoma yisiphi isizathu, lingaqala ukuzala kabusha ngo-Agasti.
Ukwazana kwabazali besikhathi esizayo kuyathakazelisa kakhulu. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, emarobheni, insikazi iyona ethatha isinyathelo kuqala.... Undizela endaweni yowesilisa bese eqala ukumculela, evula izimpiko zakhe. Indoda iziphatha ngodlame, igada imingcele yendawo. Uqala ukukhipha imisindo ethile, ethusayo, azulazule ngokwesaba, emva kwalokho insikazi, kube sengathi ithukile futhi isebenza, inyakazisa umsila wayo ihlehlela esihlahleni noma ehlathini elingumakhelwane. Ukuqomisana okunjalo kuhlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-3-4.
Nsuku zonke, umakoti onobuqili uzama ukukhombisa ukungabi namandla kwakhe ngokugoba ikhanda lakhe phambi kwalowo okhethiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuncenga kanye ne-infantilism kuvame ukuthela izithelo.
Ukubeka amaqanda, insikazi iqala ukwakha isidleke. Yakhiwe ngamahlumela, izimpande, utshani nephepha, ngenzansi yakheke yaqina kusuka kungqimba lodaka. Futhi ibekwe ezindaweni eziphansi zezihlahla, izihlahla, phansi noma ekwakhiweni kwendawo, endaweni evikeleke kahle. Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda amane kuya kwayisithupha aluhlaza okotshani izinsuku eziyi-12-14. Eyesilisa ngalesi sikhathi ithola ukudla kwenzalo, okuthi lapho isineminyaka engu-14-16 ubudala isivele ikwazi ukundiza.
Izitha zemvelo
URobins uzingelwa izikhova nokhokho abancane. Ama-Ermines, ama-weasel, ama-martens, ngisho nama-ferrets ngokuvamile aqothula izidleke zawo eziphansi ngenhla komhlaba ukuzitika ngamaphuphu noma amaqanda. Naphezu kokulwa kwabo, basheshe bathanjiswa ngabantu. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa wokuxhumana okukhuthazayo, okusekelwa ukondla, inyoni ingahlala ehlombe noma esandleni somngane wayo oqondile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani labantu eliphelele lale robin liguquka phakathi kwabantu abayizigidi eziyi-137-333. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kuka-80% bahlala ezindaweni zamazwe aseYurophu.
