Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungamqapheli noma umdidanise nomunye umuntu. Indlulamithi ibonakala buqamama - umzimba onesici, ikhanda elincane entanyeni evuleke ngokungalingani nemilenze emide eqinile.
Incazelo yendlulamithi
Indlulamithi camelopardalis yaziwa ngokufanele njengezilwane ezinde kunazo zonke ezanamuhla... Abesilisa abanesisindo esingu-900-1200 kg bakhula bafike ku-5.5-6.1 m, lapho cishe ingxenye yesithathu yobude iwela entanyeni, equkethe amathambo omlomo wesibeletho ayi-7 (njengezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo). Abesifazane bahlala njalo benobude / isisindo esincane kancane.
Ukubukeka
Indlulamithi yethule imfihlakalo enkulu kubadokotela bomzimba abazibuza ukuthi ubhekana kanjani nokugcwala ngokweqile lapho ephakamisa / ehlisa ikhanda. Inhliziyo yomdondoshiya itholakala ku-3 m ngaphansi kwekhanda kanye no-2 m ngaphezu kwezinselo. Ngenxa yalokho, izitho zakhe kufanele zivuvuke (ngaphansi kwengcindezi yekholamu yegazi), okungenzeki empeleni, futhi kusungulwe inqubo yobuqili yokuhambisa igazi ebuchosheni.
- Umthambo omkhulu womlomo wesibeletho unama-valve avimbelayo: anquma ukugeleza kwegazi ukugcina ingcindezi emthanjeni ophakathi ebuchosheni.
- Ukunyakaza kwekhanda akusongeli indlulamithi ngokufa, ngoba igazi layo likhulu kakhulu (ubukhulu bamaseli abomvu egazi buphinda kabili ubukhulu bamaseli egazi lomuntu).
- Indlulamithi inenhliziyo enamandla engamakhilogremu ayi-12: iphampa amalitha angama-60 egazi ngomzuzu futhi idale ingcindezi ephindwe kathathu kunabantu.
Inhloko yesilwane esinenselo evundlisiwe ihlotshiswe ngama-ossicons - ngazimbili (kwesinye isikhathi ngamabili ama-2) ezimpondo ezimbozwe ngoboya. Imvamisa kuba nokukhula kwamathambo maphakathi nebunzi, kufana nolunye uphondo. Indlulamithi inezindlebe eziphume kahle namehlo amnyama azungezwe izinkophe eziwugqinsi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izilwane zinezinsimbi zomlomo ezimangalisayo ezinolimi olunombala onsomi olungama-46 cm ubude. Izinwele zikhula ezindebeni, ezinikeza ubuchopho imininingwane mayelana nokuvuthwa kwamaqabunga nokuba khona kwameva.
Imiphetho yangaphakathi yezindebe igcwele izingono ezibamba isitshalo ngaphansi kwezixhumi ezingezansi. Ulimi ludlula ngameva, lusongwe lube yiproji bese luzungeza igatsha elinamaqabunga amancane, ludonsele phezulu kudebe olungaphezulu. Amachashaza asemzimbeni wendlulamithi enzelwe ukuwufihla phakathi kwezihlahla, kulingisa ukudlala kokukhanya nesithunzi emiqhele. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ilula futhi ayinamabala. Umbala wendlulamithi uncike ezindaweni lapho izilwane zihlala khona.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Lezi zilwane ezinezinselo ezinamehlo zinamehlo amahle kakhulu, iphunga nokuzwa, kusekelwa ukukhula okumangazayo - zonke izinto ezihlanganisiwe zivumela ukuthi zombili zisheshe zisibone isitha futhi zilandele ozakwabo ebangeni elifinyelela ku-1 km. Izindlulamithi zondla ekuseni nangemva kokucanywa, okuhlala ingxenye yazo zilele, zicashe emthunzini we-acacias nensamu ehlafunwayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, amehlo abo avalekile, kepha izindlebe zabo zihlala zihamba. Ukulala okujulile, yize kufushane (20 min) kuza kubo ebusuku: imidondoshiya ingavuka iphinde ilale phansi futhi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Balala phansi, bacosha umhlane owodwa nezinyawo zombili zangaphambili. Indlulamithi idonsela omunye umlenze wasemuva ohlangothini (ukuze ivuke ngokushesha uma kuba nengozi) bese ifaka ikhanda layo kuyo ukuze intamo iphenduke ikhothamo.
Izinsikazi ezindala ezinezingane nezilwane ezincane zivame ukuhlala ngamaqembu abantu abangafika kwabangu-20, zisabalele lapho zidla ehlathini futhi zihlangana ezindaweni ezivulekile. Isibopho esingenakulinganiswa sihlala kuphela komama abanezinsana: abanye bashiye iqembu, bese bebuya.
Ukudla okuningi, umphakathi uba mkhulu kakhulu: ngesikhathi semvula, kufaka okungenani abantu abayishumi nanhlanu, futhi ngesikhathi sesomiso, kungabi ngaphezu kwesihlanu. Izilwane zihamba ngokuyinhloko ngama-amble - isinyathelo esibushelelezi, lapho imilenze yomibili yangakwesokudla ibandakanyeka ngokushintshana, bese imilenze yomibili yangakwesobunxele. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izindlulamithi zishintsha isitayela sazo, zishintshele ku-canter ehamba kancane, kepha azikwazi ukumelana nokuhamba okunjalo isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-2-3.
Ukugxuma kwe-Galloping kuhambisana nokuvuma ngekhanda okujulile nokugoba. Lokhu kungenxa yokushintshwa maphakathi kwamandla adonsela phansi, lapho indlulamithi iphoqeleka khona ukuthi iphose intamo / ikhanda layo ngasikhathi sinye ukuze iphakamise imilenze yayo yangaphambili emhlabathini ngasikhathi sinye. Naphezu kokugijima okunzima, isilwane siba nesivinini esihle (cishe ama-50 km / h) futhi sikwazi ukweqa izithiyo size sifike ku-1.85 m ukuphakama.
Ziphila isikhathi esingakanani izindlulamithi?
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, la ma-colossi ahlala ngaphansi kwengxenye yesine yekhulu leminyaka, kuma-zoo - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30-35... Izigqila zokuqala ezinentamo ende zavela emapaki ezilwane eGibhithe naseRoma cishe ngonyaka we-1500 BC. Ezwenikazi laseYurophu (eFrance, Great Britain naseJalimane), izindlulamithi zafika kuphela eminyakeni yama-20 yekhulu elidlule.
Bathuthwa ngemikhumbi ehamba ngasesikebheni, base beholelwa nje ezweni, befaka izimbadada zesikhumba ezinyaweni zabo (ukuze zingagugi), futhi babamboze ngamajazi emvula. Namuhla, izindlulamithi ziye zafunda ukuzala lapho zithunjiwe futhi zigcinwa cishe kuwo wonke ama-zoo aziwayo.
Okubalulekile! Phambilini ososayensi bezilwane babenesiqiniseko sokuthi izindlulamithi "azikhulumi", kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bathola ukuthi banethuluzi lezwi elinempilo, elilungiselelwe ukusakaza izinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu zomsindo.
Ngakho-ke, amawundlu ethukile enza imisindo emincane nenesizi ngaphandle kokuvula izindebe zawo. Abesilisa abakhule ngokugcwele abafinyelele esiqongweni senjabulo baduma kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ejabule kakhulu noma ngesikhathi sokulwa, abesilisa bayabhonga noma bakhwehlele ngokuhaqeka. Ngokusongelwa kwangaphandle, izilwane ziyahona, zikhulule umoya ngamakhala abo.
Indlulamithi subspecies
I-subspecies ngayinye iyahluka ngokuhlukahluka kombala nezindawo zokuhlala unomphela. Ngemuva kwempikiswano eningi, ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo bafinyelela esiphethweni ngokuba khona kwama-subspecies ayi-9, lapho kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukuwela.
Ama-subspecies wesimanje endlulamithi (anezindawo ezahlukahlukene):
- Indlulamithi yase-Angola - iBotswana neNamibia;
- indlulamithi iKordofan - iCentral African Republic nentshonalanga yeSudan;
- Indlulamithi yaseThornycroft - iZambia;
- Indlulamithi yaseNtshonalanga Afrika - manje eseChad kuphela (okwakunguyo yonke iNtshonalanga Afrika);
- Indlulamthi yamaMasai - eTanzania naseningizimu yeKenya;
- Indlulamithi yaseNubian - entshonalanga ye-Ethiopia nasempumalanga yeSudan;
- Indlulamithi ekhonjisiwe - eningizimu yeSomalia nasenyakatho yeKenya
- Indlulamithi yaseRothschild (indlulamithi yase-Uganda) - e-Uganda;
- Indlulamithi yaseNingizimu Afrika - iNingizimu Afrika, iMozambique kanye neZimbabwe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngisho nasezilwaneni zemikhakha efanayo, azikho izindlulamithi ezimbili ezifanayo. Amaphethini amachashaza koboya afana neminwe futhi ahluke ngokuphelele.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ukuze ubone izindlulamithi, kufanele uye e-Afrika... Izilwane manje sezihlala ezindaweni ezingama-savanna namahlathi omile eningizimu / empumalanga ye-Afrika eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeSahara. Izindlulamithi ezazihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yeSahara zaqothulwa kudala: abantu bokugcina bahlala ogwini lwaseMedithera naseNayile Delta ngesikhathi seGibhithe lasendulo. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, uhla luye lwancipha ngisho nangokwengeziwe, futhi abantu abaningi kakhulu bezindlulamithi namuhla bahlala eziqiwini naseziqiwini kuphela.
Ukudla kwendlulamithi
Ukudla kwendlulamithi kwansuku zonke kuthatha amahora ayi-12-14 esewonke (imvamisa entathakusa nasebusuku). Intandokazi ebabazekayo yi-acacias, ekhula ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-acacia, imenyu ifaka izinhlobo ezingama-40 kuye kwezingu-60 zohlaza olunokhuni, kanye notshani obude obude obuhluma ngodlame ngemuva kwemvula. Esikhathini sesomiso, izindlulamithi zishintshela ekudleni okungajabulisi kangako, ziqala ukucosha ama-acacia pods omisiwe, amaqabunga awile kanye namaqabunga aqinile ezitshalo abekezelela ukuswela umswakama kahle.
Njengamanye ama-ruminants, indlulamithi iphinde ihlafune isisindo sesitshalo ukuze ingene ngokushesha esiswini. Lezi zilwane ezifakwe inselo zinikezwe impahla enelukuluku - ziyahlafuna ngaphandle kokumisa ukuhamba kwazo, okwandisa ngokusobala isikhathi sokudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izindlulamithi zihlukaniswa ngokuthi "ama-pluckers" ngoba zikha izimbali, amahlumela amancane namaqabunga ezihlahla / izihlahlana ezikhula endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha amabili kuya kwayisithupha.
Kukholakala ukuthi ngobukhulu bayo (ubude nesisindo), indlulamthi idla ngokulingene impela. Abesilisa badla cishe imifino engama-66 kg nsuku zonke, kanti abesifazane badla kancane, kuze kufike kuma-58 kg. Kwezinye izifunda, izilwane, ezakha ukungabi bikho kwezingxenye zamaminerali, zimunca umhlaba. Lawa ma-artiodactyls angenza ngaphandle kwamanzi: angena emzimbeni wawo ekudleni, okungumswakama ongu-70%. Noma kunjalo, ukuphuma emithonjeni enamanzi ahlanzekile, izindlulamithi ziyiphuza ngenjabulo.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngokwemvelo, lezi zidlakela zinezitha ezimbalwa. Akuwona wonke umuntu onesibindi sokuhlasela i-colossus enjalo, futhi aze ahlupheke ngezinselo zangaphambili ezinamandla, bambalwa abafuna. Ukushaya okukodwa okunembile - nogebhezi lwesitha luhlukene phakathi. Kepha ukuhlaselwa kwabantu abadala ikakhulukazi izindlulamithi ezisencane kuyenzeka. Uhlu lwezitha zemvelo lubandakanya izidalwa ezinjengezi:
- izingonyama;
- izimpisi;
- izingwe;
- izinja zempisi.
Abazibonele ngawabo abavakashele isiqiwu i-Etosha Nature Reserve enyakatho yeNamibia bachaze ukuthi amabhubesi agxumela kanjani endlulamithi futhi akwazi ukuluma intamo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izindlulamithi zilungele ukuthandwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, uma kunjalo, zingabantu abaseminyakeni yokuzala. Kwowesifazane, lokhu kuneminyaka engu-5 lapho ezala izinyane lakhe lokuqala.... Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, igcina ukuzala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, iletha inzalo njalo ngonyaka nohhafu. Kwabesilisa, amandla okuzala avuleka kamuva, kepha hhayi bonke abantu abavuthiwe abakwazi ukufinyelela emzimbeni wowesifazane: abanamandla kunabo bonke nabakhulu kakhulu abavunyelwe ukushada.
Kuyathakazelisa! Owesilisa ovuthiwe ngokocansi uvame ukuhlala esimweni sokuba yedwa, ehamba aze afike kumakhilomitha angama-20 ngosuku ngethemba lokuthola umlingani, okuvinjelwa i-alpha male ngazo zonke izindlela. Akamvumeli ukuba asondele kwabesifazane bakhe, angene empini uma kunesidingo, lapho intamo iba isikhali esikhulu.
Izindlulamithi zilwa ngamakhanda azo, ziqondisa amagalelo esiswini sesitha. Ohluliwe uhlehla, elandelwa onqobayo: uxosha isitha ngamamitha ambalwa, bese ebamba indawo yokunqoba, umsila wakhe uphakamisiwe. Abesilisa bahlola bonke abangaba abangane bomshado, bahogela kubo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bakulungele ukuya ocansini. Ukuzala kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-15, emva kwalokho kuzalwa ikhabana elilodwa lemitha elilodwa (kuyaqabukela kube amabili).
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, insikazi iseduze kweqembu, icashe ngemuva kwezihlahla. Ukuphuma esibelethweni sikamama kuhambisana nokuqisa - usana olusanda kuzalwa olungamakhilogremu angama-70 luwela phansi lusuka ekuphakameni kwamamitha ama-2, njengoba umama emzala emile. Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa ifikile, ingane ifika ezinyaweni zayo futhi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 isivele iphuze ubisi lwebele. Ngemuva kwesonto, uyagijima agxume, emasontweni ama-2 uzama ukuhlafuna izitshalo, kepha akenqabi ubisi kuze kube unyaka. Ezinyangeni eziyi-16, indlulamithi encane ishiya umama.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Indlulamithi ingumuntu ophilayo weSavana yase-Afrika, inokuthula futhi izwana nabantu... Abomdabu bazingela izilwane ezinezinselo ngaphandle kogqozi oluningi, kepha njengoba behlule isilwane, basebenzise zonke izingxenye zaso. Inyama yayisetshenziselwa ukudla, izintambo zezinsimbi zomculo zazenziwe ngamathende, izihlangu zazenziwe ngezikhumba, izintambo zazenziwe ngoboya, namasongo amahle ayenziwa ngomsila.
Izindlulamithi zahlala cishe kulo lonke izwekazi kwaze kwavela abelungu e-Afrika. AbaseYurophu bokuqala badubula izindlulamithi ngezikhumba zabo ezinhle kakhulu, lapho bathola khona isikhumba samabhande, izinqola neziswebhu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Namuhla, indlulamithi inikezwe isikhundla se-IUCN (LC) - izinhlobo ezingakhathazeki kangako. Kulesi sigaba, usemakhasini e-International Red Book.
Kamuva, ukuzingela kwaphenduka ubuqaba bangempela - izifiki zaseYurophu ezicebile zaziqothula izindlulamithi ngenxa nje yokuzijabulisa. Izilwane zabulawa ngamakhulu ngesikhathi se-safari, zisika imisila yazo kanye nezinsipho njengezindebe.
Umphumela walezi zenzo ezimbi kwaba ukwehliswa kwemfuyo cishe ngesigamu. Manje izindlulamithi sezizingelwa ngokwandayo, kepha inani labantu (ikakhulukazi enkabeni ye-Afrika) liyaqhubeka nokwehla ngesinye isizathu - ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo ezihlala kuzo.
