Ingwe yaseBengal (ngesiLatin Panthera tigris tigris noma uPanthera tigris bengalensis) iyinhlangano engaphansi kwehlosi le-oda leCarnivorous, umndeni weCat nohlobo lwePherher. Amahlosi aseBengal yizilwane zikazwelonke zeBengal zomlando noma iBangladesh, kanye neChina neNdiya.
Incazelo yengwe yaseBengal
Isici esihlukile sengwe yeBengal wuhlobo oluhlehlekayo, uzipho olucijile nolude kakhulu, kanye nomsila we-pubescent kanye nemihlathi enamandla amakhulu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umhlaseli unezindlebe nokuzwa okuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke izilwane ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukubona ngokuphelele ngisho nasebumnyameni obukhulu.... Ubude bejuba lwengwe endala ngu-8-9 m, futhi ijubane lokuhamba emabangeni amafushane lifinyelela kuma-60 km / h. Amahlosi amadala aseBengal alala cishe amahora ayishumi nesikhombisa ngosuku.
Ukubukeka
Umbala woboya behlosi le-Bengal usukela ophuzi uye kolintshi ngokukhanyayo ngombala, kanti imivimbo esikhunjeni ibomvu onsundu, ushokoledi omnyama noma umnyama. Isisu sesilwane simhlophe, futhi umsila ubuye umhlophe kakhulu, kepha unamasongo amnyama. Ukuguqulwa kwama-subspecies aseBengal, i-tiger emhlophe, kubonakala ngokutholakala kwemivimbo ensundu emnyama noma ebomvu ngombala omhlophe noma okhanyayo. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukubona amahlosi amhlophe ngokuphelele engenayo imivimbo eboyeni bawo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isisindo serekhodi lowesilisa owabulawa enyakatho yeNdiya engaphansi kweminyaka eyikhulu edlule sasingu-388.7 kg. Kuze kube manje, lawa ngamazinga aphakeme abhaliswe ngokusemthethweni esisindo emvelweni phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-tiger.
Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba wehlosi lesilisa elidala le-Bengal elinomsila lingu-2.7-3.3 m noma ngaphezulu, kanti leso sowesifazane singama-2.40-2.65 m. Ubude obukhulu bomsila bungu-1.1 m ukuphakama kubuna phakathi kuka-90 -115 cm. Amahlosi aseBengal njengamanje anama-canine amakhulu kunawo wonke ama-feline aziwayo. Ubude bazo bungadlula ama-80-90 mm. Isisindo esimaphakathi sowesilisa omdala ovuthiwe ngokocansi singama-223-275 kg, kepha isisindo somzimba sabanye, ikakhulukazi abantu abakhulu, sifinyelela ku-300-320 kg. Isisindo esimaphakathi sowesifazane omdala singu-139.7-135 kg, kanti isisindo sakhe somzimba sifinyelela kuma-193 kg.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Izilwane ezidla inyama ezinjengezingwe zamaBengal zihlala ikakhulukazi zodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenhloso ethile, bayakwazi ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane, kufaka phakathi abantu abathathu noma abane. Iduna ngalinye elinolaka livikela indawo yalo, nokubhonga kwesilwane esithukuthele kuzwakala ngisho ebangeni lamakhilomitha amathathu.
Amahlosi aseBengal asebusuku, kanti ngezikhathi zasemini lezi zilwane zikhetha ukuthola amandla nokuphumula... Isidlakela esinamandla nesishesha, esishesha kakhulu esizingela kusihlwa noma ekuseni, kuyaqabukela sihlale singenayo inyamazane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obuhle impela, ihlosi laseBengal likhwela kalula ezihlahleni futhi likhuphuke amagatsha, futhi libhukuda kahle futhi alinawo nakancane amanzi.
Indawo yesiza esisodwa sabazingeli ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha angama-30-30002, futhi imingcele yesiza esinjalo imakwe ngokukhethekile ngabesilisa ngendle yabo, umchamo nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "yimikrwelo". Kwezinye izimo, indawo yowesilisa oyedwa ihlukaniswa ngokwedlulele yizindawo zabesifazane abaningana, okuyindawo engezansi.
Isikhathi sokuphila
"AmaBangalisi" athanda isimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama, lapho isilinganiso sobude bokuphila cishe seminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Ekuthunjweni, lezi zilwane ezinamandla nezinamandla ezinamandla ziphila kalula kuze kube seminyakeni ecishe ibe yikota yekhulu leminyaka.
Ingwe emhlophe emhlophe
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu inani elincane lokuhluka okumhlophe kwengwe yaseBengal (Panthera tigris tigris var. Alba), okhuliswe ososayensi bakwamanye amazwe njengomhlobiso wamapaki ezilwane. Endle, abantu abanjalo babengeke bakwazi ukuzingela ehlobo, ngakho-ke, cishe azenzeki ezimweni zemvelo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela amahlosi amhlophe endaweni yawo yemvelo ngabantu abanehlobo lokuzalwa lokuzalwa. Umbala ongajwayelekile onjalo uchazwa ngochwepheshe ngokuya ngokwanele kokuqukethwe kombala. Ingwe emhlophe yehlukile kozakwabo ngesikhumba esibomvu ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wamehlo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Zonke izinhlobo ezingaphansi zamahlosi ezaziwa njengamanje, kufaka phakathi ihlosi laseBengal, zinombala woboya ofana nazo zonke izici zendawo yazo yemvelo. Izinhlobo zezilwane zasendle zasakazeka emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, emaxhaphozini ama-mangrove, ama-savanna, ezindaweni ezinamadwala ezisendaweni engamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Amahlosi aseBengal ahlala ePakistan nasempumalanga ye-Iran, enkabeni nasenyakatho yeNdiya, eNepal naseBhutan, kanye naseBangladesh naseMyanmar. Izilwane ezidla ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zitholakala eduze komlomo womfula i-Indus neGanges, uRabi neSatlij. Inani lehlosi elinjalo lingaphansi kwabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5, benengozi yokuncipha. Namuhla, ingwe yaseBengal ingeyesigaba sama-subspecies amaningi we-tiger, futhi iphinde yaqothulwa ngokuphelele e-Afghanistan.
Ukudla kwengwe yaseBengal
Amahlosi amadala aseBengal ayakwazi ukuzingela izilwane ezahlukahlukene, kunalokho ezinkulu, ezimelwe izingulube zasendle nezinyamazane zezinyamazane, izinyamazane nezinyamazane, izimbuzi, izinyathi namagaura nezindlovu ezisencane. Futhi, izingwe, izimpisi ezibomvu, izimpungushe nezimpungushe, hhayi izingwenya ezinkulu kakhulu ngokuvamile ziba yisisulu somzingeli onjalo.
Ingwe ayinqabi ukudla izinhlobo ezinomgogodla ezincane ezihlanganisa amaxoxo, izinhlanzi, izimbila nezinkawu, izingungumbane nezinyoka, izinyoni kanye nezinambuzane... Amahlosi awazideleli nhlobo zonke izidumbu. Esidlweni esisodwa, ihlosi laseBengal elidala limunca cishe ama-35-40 kg enyama, kepha ngemuva "kwedili" elinjalo isilwane esidlayo singabulawa yindlala cishe amasonto amathathu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amahlosi angamaduna aseBengal awadli onogwaja nenhlanzi, kanti abesifazane balolu hlobo, kunalokho, ngokuzithandela badla ukudla okunjalo.
Amahlosi aseBengal abekezela kakhulu, akwazi ukubukela inyamazane yawo isikhathi eside futhi akhethe umzuzu ofanele wokuphonsa okukodwa futhi okunamandla, okubulalayo. Isisulu esikhethiwe sibulawa yizingwe zaseBengal ngokuklinywa noma ngomgogodla ophukile. Kukhona nezimo ezaziwayo lapho isilwane esidlayo salolu hlobo sihlasela abantu. Izingwe ezincane zezilwane zibulala ngokuluma entanyeni. Ngemuva kokubulala, isisulu sidluliselwa endaweni ephephe kunazo zonke, lapho kwenziwa khona ukudla okuthulile.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izinsikazi zengwe yaseBengal zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili zineminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ubudala, kuthi abesilisa bavuthwe ngokocansi kuphela eminyakeni emine kuya kwemihlanu kuphela. Amahlosi angamadoda ahlangana nezinsikazi kuphela endaweni yawo. Owesilisa ovuthiwe ngokobulili uhlala nowesifazane kuwo wonke umjikelezo we-estrous, ohlala izinsuku ezingama-20-80. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude besikhathi esiphelele besigaba sokuthambekela ngokocansi asidluli izinsuku ezingama-3-7. Masinyane ngemuva kwenqubo yokukhwelana, owesilisa ngokungaguquguquki ubuyela esakhiweni sakhe ngazinye, ngakho-ke akabambiqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo. Yize iqiniso lokuthi isikhathi sokuzala sithatha unyaka wonke, siphakama phakathi kukaNovemba no-Ephreli.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwengwe yaseBengal cishe izinsuku ezingama-98-110, ngemuva kwalokho kuzalwa amazinyane amabili kuya kwamane. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba namawele amahlosi amawele kudoti. Isisindo esijwayelekile sekati singu-900-1300 g. Amantshontsho asanda kuzalwa awaboni ngokuphelele futhi awanakuzisiza, ngakho-ke adinga kakhulu ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa komama. Ukumuncwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga ezifika kwezimbili, ngemuva kwalokho umama kancane kancane uqala ukondla amawundlu akhe ngenyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Naphezu kokuthi kakade kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi nanye ubudala, amawundlu akwazi ukuzingela ngokuzimela, azama ukuhlala nonina aze afike eminyakeni eyodwa nohhafu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho neminyaka emithathu.
Izingane zamahlosi aseBengal zidlala ngendlela emangalisayo futhi zifuna ukwazi kakhulu... Lapho anonyaka owodwa ubudala, amahlosi amancane angazibulala ngokuzimela isilwane esikhulu kakhulu. Njengoba enesimo esesabekayo, amawundlu amancane kakhulu ayizisulu ezihlwabusayo zamabhubesi nezimpisi. Abesilisa abaqiniswe kahle nabakhulile bamahlosi bashiya "indlu kayise" ukuze bakhe indawo yabo, kanti abesifazane bathanda ukuhlala endaweni kamama wabo.
Izitha zemvelo
Amahlosi aseBengal awanazo izitha ezithile zemvelo.... Izindlovu, izinyathi nobhejane abazingeli ngamabomu amahlosi, ngakho-ke umhlaseli angaba yisisulu sawo ngengozi. Isitha esikhulu sama- "Bengalis" ngabantu abanikela ngamathambo esidlova izinto zokwelapha futhi bawasebenzise komunye umuthi. Inyama yengwe yaseBengal ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa izitsha ezahlukahlukene ezingaphandle, futhi izinzipho, i-vibrissae namazinyo kuyadingeka lapho kwenziwa iziphandla.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Amahlosi aseBengal afakiwe kwi-IUCN Red Data Book njengezilwane ezisengozini, kanye naseCITES Convention. Namuhla, cishe kunama-tiger angama-3250-4700 aseBengal emhlabeni, kufaka phakathi izilwane ezihlala emapaki ezilwane futhi ezigcinwa emasekisini. Izinsongo ezinkulu kulezi zinhlobo ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yemvelo yabamele izilwane zomndeni wakwaFeline nohlobo lwePherher.
