Enye yezinyoni ezincane ezithakazelisa kakhulu, ezinesibindi zingabizwa kufanele ngokuthi i-siskin. AmaChizhiks anqobe ngokuqinile ukuzwelana nabantu ngesimo sabo somusa, ukubukeka okukhanyayo, ukufuya okusheshayo nokungabi nazinkinga. I-Chizh - inyoni yengoma. Izingoma zesiskins zimnandi kakhulu, zimnene, zivusa imizwa eminingi emihle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyoni inamakhono angavamile okufunda nemikhuba ethokozisayo. Kulolu shicilelo, ungafunda kabanzi ngempilo yama-siskins.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Chizh
AmaSiskini cishe yizinyoni zezingoma ezivame kakhulu emahlathini e-coniferous ase-Eurasia. Bangabomndeni omkhulu wezintaka, okuyi-oda elingelincane labaphaseli. Umndeni we-finch ufaka inani elikhulu lezinyoni zezingoma. Usayizi omaphakathi we-siskin ungamasentimitha ayishumi nambili kuphela, futhi isisindo sawo asidluli amagremu ayishumi nesithupha.
Ividiyo: Chizh
I-Siskin iyisitifiketi esihle kakhulu. Bambalwa abantu abangambona phakathi kwesiyaluyalu sendawo eluhlaza ezihlahleni. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuhlola inyoni encane egatsheni, kunzima ukungayiboni ngombala wayo ophuzi ngokuluhlaza. Isici esivelele kakhulu sama-siskins ngumculo wabo. Lezi zilwane zithanda ukunanela phakathi kwazo ngama-trill. Ku-trill, ungezwa ngokucacile ukukhala okuhlukahlukene, ama-creaks, imisindo yokubhuza, ukuqhuma.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AmaChizhiks avame ukuntshontsha imisindo yabanye abantu. In repertoire yabo, ungezwa imiculo yezinye izinyoni. Esikhathini esiningi badlala ngamabele amancane namakhulu. Kodwa-ke, leli culo linamagama alo.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-siskins.
Phakathi kwazo, kunezinto ezintathu ezingavamile kakhulu futhi ezingavamile:
- umlilo. Kubizwa nangokuthi obomvu. Wanqoba abantu ngezimpaphe zakhe zomlilo. Isilwane esinjalo sihlala eNingizimu Melika. Kodwa-ke, ukubukeka okumangazayo kanjena kudale ukwehla okusheshayo kubantu. Izinyoni ezinjalo zibanjwa ngobuningi ngabathandi bezinto ezingavamile;
- WaseMelika. Lezi yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Bahlala eMelika, kepha bachitha sonke isizini ebandayo eMexico. Umbala wama-siskins aseMelika uncike ngokuphelele kwisizini. Anombala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo ehlobo nomnqumo ebusika. Lezi zinyoni zihlala ndawonye ngokuphelele nabantu, zidla umhlaba wezolimo;
- UMagellanic siskin. Banombala ongavamile kakhulu. Indawo yekhanda nomphimbo imnyama kwabesilisa, kanti omnqumo kwabesifazane. Izimpiko zipendwe ngenhlanganisela yemithunzi eluhlaza kanye nephuzi. Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa ngomculo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Iqukethe i-goldfinch nengoma ye-canary. Isiskin sikaMagellan sijwayela kabi ukuthunjwa.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Bird siskin
I-Chizhi inokufana okuningi nabamele i-oda labo labadlula ngendlela. Zincane ngosayizi. Ubude bomzimba abudluli ngamasentimitha ayishumi nambili, futhi ubukhulu abukho ngaphezu kwamagremu ayishumi nesithupha. Ubukhulu obunjalo buchaza ngokuphelele ondlunkulu abajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, i-siskin ayinakuqhathaniswa nondlunkulu. Izihlobo eziseduze zalezi zinyoni zingama-goldfinches, avame ukweba nokucula izingoma.
Namuhla, izazi ze-ornithologists zihlukanisa izinhlobo eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye zama-siskins. Zonke zihlukile ngendawo yokuhlala, indlela yokuziphatha, umbala. Umbala ungaba luhlaza-phuzi, umnqumo, ubomvu, mpunga ophaphathekile. Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zihlala eduze kwabantu, zigcwele amahlathi, amapaki nezingadi. Izinhlobo ezingavamile zikhetha ukuhlala kude nabantu.
Ngaphandle komehluko othile, zonke izinhlobo ze-siskins zibonakala ngezimfanelo ezithile zangaphandle:
- amaphiko amancane kodwa aqinile. Isikhathi sazo singamasentimitha angamashumi amabili;
- umsila omude kunalokho. Iqukethe izimpaphe ezijwayelekile nezomsila. Ezimweni eziningi, umbala womsila uphuzi kalamula, futhi izimpaphe zomsila zinomngcele omhlophe oyisici;
- imilenze emincane kodwa eqinile. Izinzwani zixhunyiwe futhi zinezinzipho ezimfushane. Imilenze enjalo ivumela isilwane ukuthi sibambelele ngokuqinile emagatsheni ezihlahla;
- umlomo omncane, omncane. Inokuma okujiyile okuncane futhi ikhombe ekugcineni. Lesi sakhiwo, ukwakheka komlomo, akujwayelekile kakhulu kubamele ukuhleleka kwabadlulayo;
- ikhanda elincane, umzimba oyindilinga. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, ikhanda lihlotshiswe ngesigqoko esikhethekile esenziwe ngezimpaphe ezimnyama. Amehlo ezinyoni nawo amnyama amalahle, kunemigqa ephuzi ebonakalayo ngaphezulu. Ngaphandle, imivimbo ifana namashiya.
Uhlala kuphi u-siskin?
Isithombe: Siskin ehlathini
Indawo yemvelo yama-siskins inkulu kakhulu. Kubandakanya cishe yonke iYurophu neAsia. Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-siskins zitholakala eCrimea, eSiberia, eTransbaikalia. Ungathola futhi inyoni enjalo eChina, e-Ukraine, e-Afrika, e-Iraq. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika. Njengoba ubona, izilwane ezinjalo zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yi-Antarctica.
AmaSiskin yizinyoni ezihamba kakhulu, ezisebenzayo. Zivame ukushintsha izindawo, zibhekise ezinyonini ezifudukayo. Lapho kubanda, ama-siskins ayahamba aye emazweni afudumele nasemadolobheni. Lezi zilwane ziqinile impela, yize zinobungako besizotha. Banqoba kalula amabanga amade, yize bevame ukuzihlelela ukuphumula endleleni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezikhathini ezibandayo, ezinamaqabunga, izingoma zesinkins azishintshi indawo yazo kuphela. Ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izindiza, ezinye izinhlobo zishintsha umbala wezimpaphe zazo. Esikhundleni sezimpaphe eziphuzi kalamula, kuvela okuluhlaza okotshani.
AmaSiskin afuna ngenkani indawo yawo yokuhlala. Bakhetha amahlathi e-coniferous. Ngezinye izikhathi kuphela bahlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe. Izihlahla emahlathini kufanele zibe zide, ama-birches nama-alders ayathandwa. Endaweni enjalo, izinyoni ezincane zizizwa ziphephe ngokuphelele. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-siskins zihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme zezintaba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Namuhla, inani elikhulu lama-siskins lihlala ekuthunjweni. Lezi zinyoni zezingoma ziqhutshwa kalula futhi zithengiswa ezitolo zezilwane emhlabeni jikelele. Zijwayela umuntu ngokushesha, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zinamathela kakhulu kumnikazi wazo, njengamakati noma izinja ezijwayelekile.
Idlani i-siskin?
Isithombe: Siskin esihlahleni
Isisekelo sokudla kwama-siskins yizinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla notshani. Lezi zinyoni zithola ukudla kwazo ngokuthakazelisa kakhulu. Zithatha ukuma okuhlukahlukene, kwesinye isikhathi zilenga zibheke phansi ngamahlumela amancane. Emini, lezi zilwane zihlola inani elikhulu lezihlahla nezitshalo ukuze zizitholele imbewu. Ubumnandi obuthandwa uSiskins yimbewu yama-conifers. Zidla kakhulu, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, lapho amaqabunga evula wona. Lapho-ke izinyoni akudingeki zenze umzamo omkhulu wokuthola imbewu.
UChizhi akasoze alahla imbewu ye-dandelion. Lesi yisitshalo abasithandayo. Emasimini ane-dandelions, ungabona kaningi imihlambi yezinyoni. Noma kunjalo, imbewu yedandelion ayidliwa kaningi. Lezi zilwane zikhetha ukuhlala ezihlahleni ukuze ziphephe. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho zehlela phansi. Lapho sehlile, i-siskin ingabamba izinambuzane eziningana. Izinambuzane ezincane ezikhethwayo. Imvamisa, izinyoni zabo azibanjelwa bona uqobo, kodwa zibanjelwa amatshwele abo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ebusika, ama-siskins ashiya amazwe abandayo hhayi kakhulu ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi, kepha ngenxa yokushoda kokudla. Ngalesi sizathu, kukhona okuhlukile - amanye ama-siskins ahlala phansi. Lokhu kungenzeka uma kunezindawo eziseduze nenani elikhulu lokudla okufanelekile nemizimba yamanzi engabandi.
Ukudla komsoco okugcinwa ekhaya kufanele kube yisibonelo. Impilo yesilwane, ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwayo buzoncika kulokhu.
Ukudla kwama-siskins asekhaya kufanele kufake phakathi lokhu kudla okulandelayo:
- imbewu: ukhova, i-birch, idandelion, ifilakisi, ubhekilanga, i-hemp, njll.
- ukudlwengulwa, amabele, i-oatmeal;
- izithelo nemifino: ama-apula, iklabishi, izaqathe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Chizh ebusika
Impilo yesiskin ihamba njalo. Ngenkathi efudumele, ziyakhalela. Ukuze zenze lokhu, izinyoni zikhetha izihlahla ezinde, imvamisa zithola izidleke eziqongweni zeziqu ze-conifers. Ukwakha isidleke, ama-siskins ahlanganiswa ngababili. Insikazi neduna ngokuhlanganyela zakha isidleke. Owesilisa uvamise ukuthola futhi alethe impahla efanelekayo, kuthi owesifazane ayakhe ngokucophelela “indlu” yenzalo yesikhathi esizayo.
Isidleke sakhiwa ngezinto ezingabonakali. Ubulembu nobulembu buvame ukusetshenziselwa lokhu. Izinto zokwakha ezinjalo zihlangana namagatsha esihlahla se-coniferous, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola isidleke sama-siskins ngokushesha. Izinyoni zazala izindwani zotshani ngaphakathi esidlekeni. Ihlala ithokomele futhi ifudumele ngaphakathi esidlekeni. Futhi, utshani obuluhlaza busebenza njengohlobo lokuzifihla.
I-Providence ikhwalithi eyinhloko yama-siskins. Izinyoni ezincane zenza "izindlu" zazo zingabonakali ngesizathu. Ngokufihla, bavikela amaqanda, achanyusele amachwane engozini engaba khona. Izidleke kunzima ukuzithola. Ngaphezu kokwakha isidleke, izinyoni zifuna ukudla emini. Zishesha zisuka esihlahleni ziye kwesinye, lapho zithola khona imbewu. Izinyoni cishe azihambi phansi. Ngezikhathi ezithile ziyehlela phansi emhlabathini ukuqoqa uhlaza, zithole imbewu yezitshalo noma zibambe izinambuzane zezingane zazo.
Umlingiswa wesiskin uyamangalisa. Ziyizilwane ezinomusa, ezizolile, ezihlekisayo, ezihlekisayo. Bachitha usuku lonke bendiza, becula kamnandi. AmaSiskin athanjiswa kalula futhi abe yizilwane ezifuywayo ezilalelayo. Izinyoni ezinjalo zisheshe zinamathele kumakhosi azo, zijabule nsuku zonke ngokucula okumnandi nangokududuzayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Bird siskin
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sika-siskins siwela nje ngesikhathi sokudlela. Entwasahlobo, lezi zinyoni ezincane zizifunela izithandani ezifanele. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-siskins anezwi ikakhulukazi, bavame ukucula. Abesilisa baqala i-trill ukuheha abesifazane. Abesifazane bayabaphendula, kepha bathule kancane. Lapho-ke, njengoba sezihlukaniswe ngazimbili, izinyoni zenza izindiza zokukhwelana, zihlangane. Kumnandi kakhulu ukubuka izindiza zama-siskins. Insikazi idansa kamnandi emoyeni, kuthi eyesilisa indizele eduze kwayo.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda esidlekeni sawo esijwayelekile, abawakha ndawonye kusengaphambili. Isiskin sowesifazane singabeka cishe amaqanda ayisithupha ngasikhathi sinye. Amaqanda alezi zilwane ahlukaniswa ngokuma okungavamile, imibala egqamile. Ukuma kwamaqanda kufana nepheya, futhi umbala wawo uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Futhi kumaqanda kukhona odwi abahlukahlukene, amachashazi omthunzi omnyama. AmaSiskins ajwayele ukuzala kanye ngonyaka, kepha kukhona okuhlukile. Abesifazane bezinhlobo ezithile bazalela amaqanda kabili ngonyaka.
Emasontweni amabili alandelayo, insikazi ichamisela amaqanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa unikezwa umsebenzi wokuthola ukudla. Wondla insikazi, kwesinye isikhathi ungene esikhundleni sakhe. Lapho amaphuphu ephuma emaqandeni, owesilisa nowesifazane ndawonye bayahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni ukudla. Izilwane zondla inzalo yazo ngamacimbi ezimvemvane, izinambuzane ezincane. Ukudla okunjalo kusiza imvuthu ukuthola amandla, ikhuluphale futhi ikhule ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ukukhula kwamachwane kwenzeka ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuqinile kwabazali babo. Imvamisa kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Emavikini lamabili ngemuva kwekutalwa, emantjwele aselungele kuphila ngekutimela. Bashiya isidleke sabazali babo, baqale ukunakekela izimpilo zabo. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphelele sama-siskins endle sifushane kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, lezi zinyoni ezincane ziphila cishe iminyaka emibili. Ekuthunjweni, bangaphila isikhathi eside - cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.
Izitha zemvelo zesiskins
Isithombe: Chizh edolobheni
AmaSiskini ayizinyoni ezihlekisayo, ezisheshayo, ezinhle. Lezi zilwane zichitha cishe usuku lonke emoyeni, zindizela phezulu ngaphezu kwemithi. USiskin uyinyoni eqaphile, ehlakaniphile. Awehli ngokungadingekile emhlabathini, ngakho-ke kuyaqabukela iba isisulu sezilwane ezizingelayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho i-siskin ingaba ukudla kwe-marten, i-ferret noma i-weasel. Imvamisa, izilwane ziyakwazi ukubamba i-siskin ngesikhathi lapho iqoqa izinambuzane zenzalo yayo noma utshani bokwakha isidleke.
Izitha zemvelo eziyingozi kakhulu kuma-siskins yizinyoni ezinkulu eziphakathi nendawo naphakathi. Ngobuhlakani zizingela izinyoni ezincane, kwesinye isikhathi zonakalise izidleke zazo. AmaSiskin awanankinga nokudla izinkozi zegolide, izikhova, ama-kites, izikhova, izinkozi nezinye izidalwa eziningi. Izikwele nazo zibandakanyeka ekuchitheni izidleke. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile. AmaSiskini azifihla kahle izidleke zawo futhi azibeka cishe eziqongweni zezihlahla.
Amazeze angazilimaza lezi zinyoni. Uma amazeze eqala esidlekeni, angaholela ekufeni kuka-siskins kanye nenzalo yabo. Kwezinye izinhlobo zama-siskins, abantu uqobo baletha ingozi enkulu. Izinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu zezinyoni zezingoma zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi abangaphandle. Abantu babazingela ngenhloso yokubagcina ekuthunjweni. Lokhu kubanjwa okungalawulwa kuholele ekwehlisweni okukhulu kwesibalo sezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Siskin esihlahleni
Namuhla, ama-siskins awekho engozini enkulu. Ziyizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu, ezinama-subspecies ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ama-subspecies ezinyoni zezingoma ayehluka ngezindlela eziningi: indawo yokuhlala, isimilo, umbala wophaphe, imikhuba. Cishe wonke ama-subspecies anabantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusinda okuhle kwezilwane nokuqapha kwazo. Ama-subspecies adume kakhulu afaka phakathi: i-siskin yegolide, ejwayelekile, iMexico, uphayini.
Izinhlobo zeSiskin zinikezwe Isimo Esingaphansi Kokukhathazeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lezi zinyoni zezingoma azidingi ukwethula ezinye izindlela zokuvikela. Inani eliphakeme lohlobo lwe-siskin nalo kungenxa yokuthi lezi zilwane zaqala ukukhuliswa ngamanani amakhulu ukuze zigcinwe ekhaya. Ungathola futhi uthenge le nyoni cishe kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhulu sezilwane. AmaSiskin awadingi imibandela ekhethekile yokugcina, athambisa ngokushesha futhi ajabulise abanikazi bawo ngezingoma ezimnandi.
Ngaphandle kwesibalo esiphezulu sezinhlobo ze-siskin, akuyona yonke into ebushelelezi kangako. Amanye ama-subspecies alezi zinyoni ancipha ngokushesha ngesibalo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kungenxa yokubukeka kwazo okungavamile. Abantu abagqamile ikakhulukazi, abangajwayelekile babanjwa ngabantu abaqoqa izilwane ezingaphandle. Isibonelo, lokhu bakwenza ngama-siskins avuthayo.
I-Chizh - inyoni engavamile, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yombala wayo ogqamile, kodwa futhi nokucula okungenakulibaleka. Zindiza phezulu ngaphezu kwezihlahla, zishintshana ngama-trill emililo phakathi kwazo. Lezi zinyoni zinqobe izinhliziyo zabantu emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke ama-siskins avame ukuba yizakhamizi zasekhaya. Bazijwayeza ngokuphelele impilo ekhejini, bethambile futhi banamathele kakhulu kubanikazi babo, babanikeze imfudumalo nothando.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05/21/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-20: 42
