I-Grane crane Iyinyoni enhle futhi engaqondakali. Lezi zinyoni bezithandwa futhi zihlonishwa ngabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kakhulu. Ubufakazi balokhu yimidwebo yamatshe eshiywe yiPithecanthropus eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-50-60 eyedlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imidwebo enjalo itholwe ososayensi kuwo wonke amazwekazi. EGibhithe lasendulo, o-cranes abampunga babebizwa ngokuthi "izinyoni zelanga" futhi babehlatshelwa onkulunkulu ngezikhathi ezikhethekile. Namuhla, bambalwa abantu abazikhonzayo, kodwa eJapane lezi zinyoni zisahlonishwa kakhulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Grey Crane
IGrey crane (Grus grus) ingeyomndeni wakwaCranes. Le yinyoni emangazayo kakhulu enkulu, engaphezu kwamamitha ukuphakama namaphiko afinyelela kumamitha amabili. Abesilisa bangaba nesisindo esifinyelela ku-6 kg nabesifazane kuze kufike ku-5 kg. Abukho ubuhlakani bezocansi ezinyonini ngaphandle kwesisindo nosayizi. Cishe zonke izimpaphe ze-crane ejwayelekile zinombala ompunga noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okukuvumela ukuthi ikwazi ukuzifihla ngempumelelo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye eziphakathi kwezindawo ezinamahlathi nezixhaphozi.
Ividiyo: IGrey Crane
Umhlane nomsila we-crane kumnyama thile kunombala wezimpaphe eziyinhloko, futhi isisu namaphiko kukhanya kancane, amaphiko anombala wezimpaphe ezinkulu ezinezimpaphe ezimnyama emaphethelweni ngendlela yomngcele. Futhi ngombala omnyama, ngandlela thile ngokumpunga okumnyama, ingxenye engaphambili yekhanda lenyoni ipendiwe. Umhlane uvame ukuba mpunga. Ezinhlangothini zekhanda kunemivimbo emibili ebanzi emhlophe eqala ngaphansi kwamehlo bese iphelela ezansi kwentamo.
Cishe azikho izimpaphe engxenyeni yeparietali yekhanda le-crane, futhi isikhumba esinempandla sinombala obomvana ngokubomvu, obukeka njengesigqoko esincane esibomvu. Uqhwaku lwale nyoni alulula, cishe lumhlophe. Imilenze imnyama. Ubuningi be-crane ejwayelekile buhlukile kubantu abadala ngosayizi omncane omncane futhi lapho kukhona khona ukuphela okubomvu kuzimpaphe zekhanda nezentamo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoIsitshalo esithandwayo, i-geranium, saqanjwa ngegama le-crane grey.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-crane empunga
Njengoba sekushiwo, abesifazane nabesilisa cishe abahlukile komunye nomunye. Umbala wezimpaphe ezinyoni ezindala ubukhulu becala ungwevu, kuphela ezinye izindawo ezimnyama noma ezimhlophe. Intamo yama-cranes yinde, kunalokho mncane, umuntu angasho - ngomusa. Ingxenye yekhanda lezinyoni inezimpandla, okungesona isici salolu hlobo, ngoba "ikepisi" elinjalo likhona ezinhlotsheni eziningana zalezi zinyoni. Amehlo ama-cranes mancane, ahlezi ezinhlangothini zekhanda, amnyama, acishe abe mnyama, aneris ebomvu.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-crane ejwayelekile:
- entanyeni nasekhanda kunemivimbo emibili emhlophe ebonakalayo ebonakalayo egijima ezinhlangothini kuye emuva kwekhanda nangaphansi;
- ukuphakama - kufika ku-115 cm;
- amaphiko - kufika ku-200 cm;
- isisindo sowesilisa - 6 kg, isisindo sowesifazane - 5 kg;
- ubude bomlomo - kufika ku-30 cm;
- kuma-juveniles, izimpaphe ziyimpunga, kepha zinemikhawulo ebomvu;
- isikhumba sezidladla sinombala ompunga omnyama noma omnyama;
- izimpaphe zombala ompunga, ezisiza ukufihla phakathi kotshani obude nezihlahlana zezihlahla;
- isikhathi sokuphila - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-40;
- Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka engama-3-6;
- indiza enkulu ngosuku - kufika ku-800 km;
- ngesikhathi se-molting (ehlobo), ukulahleka kwazo zonke izimpaphe zokundiza kuyisici, ngenxa yokuthi izinyoni azikwazi ukundiza isikhathi esithile futhi zihambe kuphela emhlabathini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokwemvelo, ama-cranes ampunga angaphila kusuka eminyakeni engama-20 kuya kwengama-40, futhi ekuthunjweni, izinyoni ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-80.
Ihlala kuphi i-crane grey?
Isithombe: I-bird grey crane
Izindawo zokwakhiwa kwe-crane ejwayelekile ziseYurophu (enyakatho-mpumalanga) nase-Asia (enyakatho). Izinyoni zivame ukulala ebusika e-Afrika (enyakatho), ePakistan, eKorea, eNdiya, eVietnam, eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia. Izintandokazi zezinyoni zendawo yokuhlala ziyindawo enomswakama kakhulu yamaxhaphozi, imifula yamanzi angenasawoti namachibi. Bathanda ikakhulukazi ukuhlala eduze kwe-alder groves. Ukufuna ukudla, o-cranes bavame ukuvakashela amadlelo nezindawo ezilimekayo.
Ama-cranes amnyama yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Kabili ngonyaka - ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, bandiza amabanga amade ukusuka ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke kuya ezindaweni zobusika nasemuva, okudinga izindleko zamandla aphezulu. Ngalesi sizathu, ekupheleni kwehlobo, inani elikhulu lama-cranes (kufika ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zabantu) lihlangana ezindaweni eziphephile nasekuphumuleni, lithole amandla ngaphambi kokundiza. Izindawo ezinjalo zingaphepha: iziqhingi, amathe esihlabathi, amaxhaphozi ajulile.
Ekuseni, izinyoni zibuthana esigaxeni bese zindizela ezindaweni zokudla, kuthi kusihlwa ziphinde zibuyele emgqeni wobusuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni cishe azikhathazeki ngokuba khona kwabantu emasimini noma ubukhona bemishini ehlukahlukene. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho ungababona besondele ngokwanele, futhi uzwe namazwi abo. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ama-cranes athuthela eningizimu. Njengoba zinamaphiko abanzi, izinyoni zisebenzisa isu lokundiza lapho kubanjwa khona imisinga yomoya efudumele (ama-thermals), ezivumela ukuba zonge amandla namandla ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukundiza kwama-cranes eningizimu kungumbono othokozisayo: umhlambi usuka ngokungazelelwe, uqala ukuzungeza, ukhiphe i-kurlyk, ukhuphukele phezulu futhi phezulu emisakazweni yomoya, ulayini emgqeni uze unyamalale ngokuphelele esibhakabhakeni.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-grey crane ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani i-crane empunga?
Isithombe: Grey crane endizeni
Ama-cranes ama-Gray yizinyoni ezi-omnivorous, ngakho-ke imenyu yabo ihluka kakhulu futhi kuya ngesizini.
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, kusekelwe ku:
- ama-vertebrate amancane - amaxoxo, amagundane, izibankwa, izinyoka, inhlanzi, amatshwele;
- ezingenamgogodla - izibungu, ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans;
- izithelo zemithi nezihlahla - amajikijolo, amantongomane, ama-acorn, imbewu;
- amahlumela, amaqabunga, izimbali zezitshalo zomswakama;
- izinambuzane, kanye nezibungu zazo.
Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokushiya ubusika, ama-cranes adla kakhulu emasimini, lapho adla khona inqwaba yezinhlamvu zezitshalo zezolimo nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ezisele ngemuva kokuvuna. Esinye "isidlo" sezintandokazi zama-cranes ngalesi sikhathi yizithombo zikakolweni zasebusika. Ngakho-ke, imenyu yasekwindla enekhalori ephezulu isiza ama-cranes ukuba athole amandla namandla ngaphambi kokundiza okude.
Uma kunezinsimu ezitshalwe okusanhlamvu eduze nendawo yokuhlala ama-cranes, khona-ke izinyoni zizozama ukondla lapho, zize zenze nosongo olukhulu ekuvuneni. Isibonelo, e-Ethiopia, ukuhlaselwa kaningi kwe-crane evamile emasimini asanda kutshalwa akuyona neze inhlekelele yezwe. Ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela iqiniso lokuthi awukho umhlaba omningi kangako ofanele ezolimo (ngemuva kwakho konke, i-Afrika), futhi nezinga lokuphila kuleli liphansi kakhulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Grey crane ovela eRed Book
Ama-cranes akhetha ukuhlala futhi akhe izidleke ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi noma ogwini olunamachibi emifula nemifula. Kwesinye isikhathi, isidleke sikakhreyini singatholwa eduze nensimu kakolweni, ikakhulukazi uma kunamanzi amaningi eduze. Isimo esikhulu sendawo yokwakha izidleke ukuthi kufanele ivikelwe kahle.
Isikhathi sokuzalela siqala kusenesikhathi - ekupheleni kukaMashi. Izithandani zezinyoni, njengoba zifike ngokulambisa futhi zaphumula, ziqala ukwakha isidleke. Ama-Cranes nawo angabuyela esidlekeni sawo esidala uma sihlala singashintshi. Ibanga phakathi kwezidleke ligcinwa ngokuqinile. Zingatholana zivela komunye nomunye ngaphakathi kwendawo okungenani eyi-1 km, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Ama-cranes ampunga ngokuvamile akhetha izindawo zokwakha izidleke emagqumeni ambozwe uhlaza oluningi.
Unyaka ngamunye, ngemuva kokufukamela amaqanda nokondla amaphuphu, abantu abadala baqala ukuncibilika. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni azikwazi ukundiza, ngoba zilahlekelwa yizo zonke izimpaphe zokundiza. Ngesikhathi se-molting, ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, bazama ukuya ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Izimpaphe eziyinhloko zezinyoni ziqala kabusha ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, kanti encane iyaqhubeka nokukhula kancane kancane, ngisho nasebusika. Ama-cranes amancane molt ngokuhlukile: izimpaphe zawo ziguquka kancane phakathi neminyaka emibili. Ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, bayazibophezela njengabantu abadala.
Isici esithakazelisayo sama-cranes ampunga ngamazwi abo. Ziyimisindo yamacilongo ephezulu ezwakala ngaphakathi kwendawo engaphezulu kwamakhilomitha ama-2. Ngosizo lwale misindo (kurlykany), ama-cranes ayaxhumana, axwayisa izihlobo zawo ngengozi, abize umlingani wakhe ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Family of Cranes Common
Ama-cranes amnyama yizinyoni ezikhetha ubudlelwano bomuntu oyedwa. Imibhangqwana yakhiwa impilo yonke futhi yehlukana kuphela ngemuva kokushona komunye wabalingani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-cranes afuna umlingani ngenkathi esezindaweni zobusika. Izidleke zezinyoni zivame ukwakhiwa emagqumeni amancane, aminyene kakhulu eduze kwemizimba yamanzi. Izinto zokwakha izidleke: ubulembu, ipeat, amagatsha omile. Isidleke siyisitsha esiyindilinga esingajulile esifinyelela kumitha ububanzi.
Ngemuva kwemidlalo yokukhwelana, ehambisana nezingoma nokukhwelana, insikazi izalela iqanda eli-1 kuye kwele-3 esidlekeni. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka maphakathi noMeyi. Isikhathi sokufukamela ngokuvamile sihlala izinsuku ezingama-30-35. Kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa bayafukamela amaqanda. Ngenkathi omunye umzali endiza eyodla futhi ehlanze izimpaphe, owesibili uhlala esidlekeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, ama-cranes amboza izimpaphe zawo ngodaka nangodaka ngenhloso yokufihla nokuvikelwa ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Amachwane ngokuvamile achanyuselwa izinsuku ezimbalwa. Zikhula ngokohlobo lwe-semi-brood. Lokhu kusho ukuthi masishane lapho omabili amachwane esomile futhi ekwazi ukuhamba, asuka ngokushesha esidlekeni alandele abadala yonke indawo. Abazali bathola ukudla futhi ngokushesha bondle izingane ezithendeni zabo.
Masinyane ngemuva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu ama-cranes amnyama ambozwe ngoboya obukhulu obuphansi phansi, obuzoshintsha bube izimpaphe ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Lapho nje amaphuphu enezimpaphe, angandiza ngokushesha futhi azondle.
Izitha zemvelo ze-crane ejwayelekile
Isithombe: Grey Cranes
Abantu abadala bama-cranes abampunga banezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo, ngoba ziyizinyoni ezinkudlwana, eziqaphile nezindiza kahle. Nganoma yikuphi, ngisho nosongo oluncane kakhulu, ama-cranes aqala ukukhala, azisa izihlobo zawo bese enyukela esibhakabhakeni, lapho ezizwa ephephile khona. Uma noma yimuphi umhlaseli eseduze nesidleke, omunye wabazali uzama ngenkuthalo ukumyisa, elingisa olimele.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlangana kwamaqanda namazinyane kuhlale kusengozini enkulu. Amagwababa, izinkozi, oklebe, izinkozi zegolide, izimpungushe, izingulube zasendle, izimpisi, izithiyo zamarsh, izinja ze-raccoon zingabhubhisa izidleke futhi zizingele amaphuphu. Futhi, inani elikhulu lama-cranes lingasongelwa ngabantu, ngoba izinyoni zivame ukungena emasimini asanda kuhlwanyelwa, zidla amahlumela amancane, angachanyuselwa. Emzileni ophakathi nendawo lokhu akuyona inkinga - endaweni eseduze kukhona nokudla okwanele okwanele, okwezilwane nezitshalo.
E-Afrika, lapho isimo sezulu sakhona sishisa kakhulu, kunokudla okuphilayo okuncane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, o-cranes abampunga bavamisile ukungena emazweni abalimi, okubaluleke kakhulu e-Ethiopia, ngoba ama-cranes amaningi ampunga andizela kule ndawo ubusika. Abalimi, lapho bebona imihlambi yonke yama-cranes emasimini abo futhi bezama ukuvikela izitshalo zabo, bavele bazidubule ngobuningi babo, yize kuvinjelwe ngokusemthethweni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-crane empunga
Namuhla isibalo se-crane ejwayelekile emhlabeni sifinyelela kubantu abangaphezudlwana kwezinkulungwane ezingama-250. Iningi lithanda ukuhlala esidlekeni emakamu aseScandinavia naseRussia.
Esinye sezizathu ezinkulu zokwehla kwezibalo ukuncipha kwemingcele yendawo yemvelo, ehambisana nemisebenzi yabantu (ukugeleza kwamaxhaphozi, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu, ukugawulwa kwemithi emikhulu, ukudubula okungagunyaziwe).
Sekukonke, inani lama-cranes ampunga lawa kakhulu kuma-60-70s wekhulu elidlule, futhi kwakungenxa yokubuyiswa komhlaba cishe okwenziwe emazweni ase-USSR yangaphambili ngenhloso yokwandisa umhlaba wezolimo ovundile kanye nesifiso sobuholi bezwe ukufeza izidingo ezingenakwenzeka zomnotho ohleliwe kwesinye isikhathi.
I-crane ejwayelekile ibhalwe kuRed Data Book yase-Ukraine, iRed Data Book yaseBelarus, kanye neRed Data Book yeSifunda saseSaratov (eRussia), ngaphansi kwesimo esivikelwe "Uhlobo oluncane olunenqwaba ezinzile nobubanzi obulinganiselwe".
Ama-Cranes ahlala endiza aye esifundeni saseSaratov ngenhloso yokwakha amachwane. Ngalesi sikhathi, imihlambi eminingi kakhulu yalezi zinyoni iyaziwa esifundeni sonke. Inani lama-cranes asezimpunga ahlala ezifundeni ezivikelwe liyashintshashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kepha ngokujwayelekile lihlala lingaguquki, okungukuthi, alikhuphuki, kepha alinciphi nalinye.
Ukuvikelwa kwama-Cranes ajwayelekile
Isithombe: Grey crane ovela eRed Book
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inani le-crane ejwayelekile emhlabeni wonke, noma kancane, liyancipha. Le nkinga iphuthuma ikakhulukazi emazweni aseYurophu, ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussian Federation, e-Asia Ephakathi, lapho omisa khona amaxhaphozi nemifula emincane futhi ngenxa yokungalingani ebhalansi yemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe imingcele yezindawo ezilungele impilo nokukhulelwa kwalezi zinyoni.
Emazweni amaningi, okubandakanya indawo yokuhlala yendwe evamile, ukuzingela lezi zinyoni akuvunyelwe ngumthetho. Kodwa-ke, kwa-Israyeli nase-Ethiopia, abalimi abanelisekile neze ngalesi simo, lapho amasela abo ahlasela amasimu abo ngezikhathi ezithile ngenhloso yokondla.
Isikhwama Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokulondolozwa Kwezinhlekelele sizama ukuxazulula lolu daba ngendlela yokuthi wonke umuntu aneliseke. I-crane ejwayelekile isohlwini olukhethekile lwe-CITES (i-World Conservation Union) futhi inesimo sezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuthuthwa nokuthengiswa kwazo okungavunyelwe ngokuqinile ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekile.
Ngokunakekela ukwanda kwenani lama-cranes ajwayelekile, zonke izinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba zithathe izinyoni ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwazo, ngemuva kokuphothula "Izivumelwano Zokulondolozwa Kwezinhlanzi Ezifudukayo Zamanzi" phakathi kwazo, futhi zafaka lolu hlobo kwi-International Red Book.
Ngesikhathi seGrisi yasendulo i-crane empunga wayengumngane ohlala njalo konkulunkulu abaningi, njengo-Apollo, uHermes, uDemeter. AmaGreki asendulo ayebheka lezi zinyoni njengezithunywa zentwasahlobo nokukhanya, uphawu lokukhalipha nokuqapha. Imbongi yasendulo yamaGrikhi uHomer yayiqiniseka ukuthi ama-cranes, ezindiza ngaseningizimu ebusika, adla imibhoshongo yempungushe lapho.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/12/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 14.08.2019 ngo-22: 00
