Le nyoni isitshekelwe izinganekwane zaseGibhithe lasendulo - usanta wokuhlakanipha ongumvikeli, unkulunkulu uThoth, wahlotshaniswa nayo. Igama lesiLatini lolunye lwezinhlobo zalo - Threskiornis aethiopicus - lisho ukuthi "ngcwele". Ngeyokulandelana konogolantethe, okungukuthi emndenini omkhulu we-ibis.
Incazelo yama-ibises
Okumnyama nokumhlophe noma okubomvu okomlilo, lawa madoda abukekayo aheha iso njalo... Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalezi zinyoni, ezihlukile ngosayizi nombala wezimpaphe - izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-25.
Ukubukeka
Ngokubukeka, kuyacaca ngokushesha ukuthi ama-ibis ayisihlobo esiseduze sikanogolantethe: imilenze emincanyana inesici futhi iyabonakala, imfushane kancane kunaleyo yozakwabo abadume kakhulu, iminwe yabo inezinambuzane, ne-silhouette yale nyoni uqobo lwayo iyintamo ende eguquguqukayo, ethweswe umqhele ngekhanda elincane.
Ubukhulu
I-ibis esekhulile iyinyoni enesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, ingaba nesisindo esingaba ngu-4 kg, kanti ukuphakama kwayo cishe kuyisigamu semitha kubantu abancane kunabo bonke, kuze kube ngamasentimitha angu-140 kubamele abakhulu. Ama-Scarlet ibises mancane kunamanye ozakwabo, avame ukuba nesisindo esingaphansi kwekhilogremu.
Umlomo
Ihlukile phakathi kwama-ibise - ifana nesabula eligobile ngesimo: inde, yinde kunentamo, mncane futhi igobile phansi. "Ithuluzi" elinjalo lilungele ukuqaqa phansi udaka noma imifantu enamadwala lapho ifuna ukudla. Umlomo ungaba mnyama noma ubomvu, njengemilenze. Ukubheka nje lo mlomo kwanele ukuhlukanisa ngokungangabazeki ibis.
Izimpiko
Ibanzi, inkulu, inezimpaphe ezinkulu ezinde eziyi-11, zinikeza izinyoni indiza ekhuphukayo.
Izimpaphe
I-Ibis imvamisa i-monochromatic: kunezinyoni ezimhlophe, ezimpunga nezimnyama... Izeluleko zezimpaphe zokundiza zibonakala zimnyama ngamalahle futhi zigqama ngokungafani, ikakhulukazi endizeni. Izinhlobo eziheha kakhulu i-ibis ebomvu (i-Eudocimus ruber). Umbala wezimpaphe zawo unombala ogqame kakhulu, ovutha umlilo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezithombeni, ama-ibis ngokuvamile alahlekelwa ukubonakala kwawo kwangempela: ukudubula akuvezi ukukhanya okucacile kwezimpaphe ezibushelelezi. Lapho inyoni isencane, ukukhanya kwayo kucwebezela: lapho i-molt ngayinye, inyoni inyamalala kancane kancane.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-ibis zinesigaxa eside eside emakhanda azo. Kukhona abantu abanqunu. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane kuma-ibises ngokubukeka, njengakuzo zonke izingwamza.
Indlela Yokuphila
Ama-Ibis ahlala emihlambini, ehlanganisa imindeni eminingana yezinyoni - kusuka kubantu abayi-10 kuye kwabayi-2-3. Ngesikhathi sezindiza noma sasebusika, imihlambi eminingana ihlangana ezinkulungwaneni "zamakoloni ezinyoni", futhi imihlambi yezihlobo zabo ezikude - ama-spoonbill, ama-cormorants, izindwandwe - angajoyina ama-ibises. Izinyoni zindiza zifuna izimo zokudla ezingcono kanye nokushintsha kwezikhathi zonyaka: imizila yazo yokufuduka iphakathi kogu lolwandle, amahlathi ashisayo namachibi asemaxhaphozini.
Okubalulekile! Izinhlobo zasenyakatho zezimbila zifuduka, "abantu baseningizimu" bahlala phansi, kepha bangahamba endaweni enkulu ngokwanele.
Njengomthetho, lezi zinyoni zihlala eduze kwamanzi. Bahamba emanzini angajulile noma osebeni, befuna ukudla ezansi noma phakathi kwamatshe. Ngokubona ingozi, ngokushesha zindiza phezulu ezihlahleni noma zibalekele emahlathini. Yile ndlela abachitha ngayo ekuseni nantambama, beba "nokulala" lapho kushisa emini bebade. Lapho kuhwalala, ama-ibise aya ezidlekeni zawo ukuyochitha ubusuku bonke. Benza "izindlu" zabo eziyindilinga ngamagatsha aguquguqukayo noma iziqu zomhlanga. Izinyoni zizibeka ezihlahleni, futhi uma kungekho zimila eziphakeme eduze nogu, khona-ke emahlathini omhlanga, umhlanga, i-papyrus.
Mangaki ama-ibise ahlala
Isikhathi sokuphila sama-ibise endle cishe iminyaka engama-20.
Ukwahlukanisa
Umndeni omncane we-ibis unezizukulwane eziyi-13, ezibandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-29, kufaka phakathi eyodwa engasekho - iTreskiornis solitarius, "Reunion dodo".
Ama-Ibis afaka izinhlobo ezinjengezi:
- umqala omnyama;
- intamo emhlophe;
- ibala;
- unekhanda elimnyama;
- ubuso obumnyama;
- nqunu;
- engcwele;
- Wase-Australia;
- ihlathi;
- impandla;
- unyawo olubomvu;
- okuluhlaza okotshani;
- okumhlophe;
- obomvu nabanye.
Ama-ibis abuye abhekwe njengommeleli walezi zingqimba. Onogolantethe nezindwandwe nabo bayizihlobo zabo, kodwa kude kakhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-Ibis itholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica... Bahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele: ezishisayo, ezishisayo, kanye nengxenye eseningizimu yesimo sezulu esipholile. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-ibises lihlala empumalanga ye-Australia, ikakhulukazi esifundazweni saseQueensland.
Ama-Ibis athanda ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi: imifula ehamba kancane, amaxhaphozi, amachibi, ngisho nogu lolwandle. Izinyoni zikhetha ugu lapho umhlanga nezinye izitshalo eziseduze kwamanzi noma izihlahla ezinde zikhula khona ngobuningi - zidinga lezi zindawo zokwakha izidleke. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinyamazane ezizikhethele ama-steppes nama-savanna, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ze-bald ibis zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinamadwala.
Ama-Scarlet ibises atholakala kuphela ogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika: lezi zinyoni zihlala endaweni esukela e-Amazon ziye eVenezuela, futhi zihlala esiqhingini saseTrinidad. Impisi yasemahlathini, eyayikade ihlala kakhulu izithabathaba zaseYurophu, isinde eMorocco kuphela futhi yaba ngamanani amancane eSyria.
Ukudla kwe-Ibis
Ama-Ibis asebenzisa uqhwaku lwawo olude njengoba kuhlosiwe, emba odakeni olungezansi noma emhlabathini, kanye nokuthamba phakathi kwamatshe. Izinhlobo zamanzi eziseduze nokuzingela, zizulazula emanzini ngoqhwaku olunesiqingatha, zigwinya konke okungena kuwo: izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-amphibian, ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans, futhi bazokujabulela ukudla ixoxo. Ama-Ibis aqhamuka ezindaweni ezomile, abamba amabhungane, izikelemu, izicabucabu, iminenke, izinkumbi, kwesinye isikhathi igundane, inyoka, isibankwa sifikela emlonyeni waso. Noma iziphi izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni zizitika ngezinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Kuyaqabukela, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ama-ibise awakudeleli ukubola nokudla okuvela ezindaweni zokulahla udoti.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ama-Scarlet ibises adla kakhulu ama-crustaceans, yingakho izimpaphe zawo zithole umbala ongajwayelekile: amagobolondo ezilwane aqukethe i-coloring pigment carotene.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwama-ibis senzeka kanye ngonyaka. Ezinhlotsheni ezisenyakatho, lesi sikhathi siqala entwasahlobo, ezinhlotsheni ezihlala eningizimu, ukukhiqiza kubekelwe isikhathi semvula. Ama-Ibis, njengonogolantethe, azitholela iqembu elilodwa impilo yawo yonke.
Lezi zinyoni zingabazali abahle kakhulu, kanti eyeduna neyeduna nazo zinakekela izingane ngokulinganayo. Ngakho-ke kunesinye isicelo esisodwa sezidleke ezakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela, lapho izinyoni zichitha khona "ukulala" nokuchitha ubusuku: amaqanda ama-2-5 abekwa kuzo. Uyise nonina baqandula ngokulandelana, kanti enye ingxenye ithola ukudla. Izidleke zitholakala eduze kwezinye izindlu zezinyoni - ukuphepha okukhulu.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, amatshwele achanyuselwa: ekuqaleni awathandeki, awampunga noma ansundu. Kokubili insikazi nokweduna kuyabondla. Ama-ibises amancane azoba muhle kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala, futhi ngemuva konyaka, isikhathi sokuvuthwa sizofika, esizovumela ukuthi babe nomlingani futhi banikeze i-clutch yabo yokuqala.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngokwemvelo, izinyoni ezidla inyama zingazingela ama-ibises: oklebe, izinkozi, ama-kites. Uma inyoni kufanele ibeke isidleke phansi, ingonakaliswa yizilwane ezidla phansi: izimpungushe, izingulube zasendle, izimpisi, ama-raccoon.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Kuningi kakhulu esikhathini esedlule, namuhla ama-ibises, ngeshwa, anciphise kakhulu izinombolo zawo. Lokhu kungenxa yesici somuntu - abantu bangcolisa futhi bakhiphe izikhala zamanzi, banciphise izindawo zokuhlala kahle kwezinyoni nendawo yokudla. Ukuzingela kudale inkinga encane kakhulu, inyama yama-ibises ayimnandi neze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bakhetha ukubamba izinyoni ezihlakaniphile nezisheshayo, ziyathanjiswa kalula futhi zingaphila ekuthunjweni. Ezinye izinhlobo zezibankwa zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa, njengebis yehlathi. Inani labo elincane eSyria naseMorocco selikhule kakhulu ngenxa yezindlela zokuphepha ezandisiwe. Abantu bafuya izinyoni ezinkulisa ezikhethekile, base bezidedela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinyoni ezikhuliselwe ekuthunjweni zazingazi lutho ngemizila yemvelo yokufuduka, futhi ososayensi abakhathalelayo babaqhubela isikhathi sokuziqeqesha besuka ezindizeni ezilula.
Izinyamazane zaseJapane kumenyezelwe ukuthi azisekho kabili... Ayikwazanga ukujwayeleka ekuthunjweni, futhi abantu abaningana abatholakele abakwazanga ukukhulisa amatshwele. Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokufukamela, kukhuliswe abantu abambalwa balezi zinyoni. IReunion dodo - ibis, eyayihlala kuphela esiqhingini sentaba-mlilo iReunion, yanyamalala maphakathi nekhulu le-17, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezidlakela ezalethwa kulesi siqhingi, kanye nangenxa yokuzingelwa kwabantu.
Ibises nendoda
Isiko laseGibhithe lasendulo lanikeza ama-ibises indawo ebalulekile. UGod Thoth - umgcini wesanta wesayensi, ukubala nokubhala - uvezwe ngekhanda lale nyoni. Enye yama-hieroglyphs aseGibhithe asetshenziselwa ukubala nayo yadwetshwa ngesimo se-ibis. Futhi, ama-ibis abhekwa njengesithunywa sentando ka-Osiris no-Isis.
AbaseGibhithe lasendulo bahlobanisa le nyoni nokusa, kanye nokuphikelela, ukufisa... Uphawu lwe-ibis luhlobene nelanga, ngoba libhubhisa "okubi" - izinambuzane eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi izinkumbi, nenyanga, ngoba ihlala eduze kwamanzi, futhi lezi yizinto ezihlobene. Imvamisa lezi zinkwe zazipendwe ngenyanga ekhanda ekhanda. Usosayensi ongumGreki u-Elius waphawula encwadini yakhe ukuthi lapho ama-ibis elele futhi efihla ikhanda ngaphansi kwephiko, isimo sawo sifana nenhliziyo, okufanelwe ukuthi iphathwe ngokukhethekile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isinyathelo se-ibis sasetshenziswa njengesilinganiso ekwakhiweni kwamathempeli aseGibhithe, kwakuyi "cubit" ngqo, okungukuthi, i-45 cm.
Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi isizathu sokukhulekelwa kwama-ibise ukufika kwabo okukhulu ogwini ngaphambi kokugcwala kweNayile, ukumemezela ukuzala okuzayo, okwabhekwa ngabaseGibhithe njengophawu oluhle lwaphezulu. Kutholakale inani elikhulu lezidumbu ze-ibis ezifakiwe. Namuhla, akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngabe i-ibis engcwele Threskiornis aethiopicus yayihlonishwa yini. Kungenzeka ukuthi abaseGibhithe babebiza i-bald ibis Geronticus eremita, eyayivame kakhulu eGibhithe ngaleso sikhathi.
Izinyamazane zehlathi kukhulunywa ngazo eBhayibhelini ngokwesiko lomkhumbi kaNowa. NgokwemiBhalo, yile nyoni, ngemuva kokuphela kukazamcolo, eyaholela umndeni kaNowa ukusuka ezansi kweNtaba i-Ararati kuya esigodini esiphezulu se-Ewufrathe, lapho bahlala khona. Lo mcimbi ugujwa minyaka yonke esifundeni ngomkhosi.
