Inhlwathi yamaphaphu - isilwane esincelisayo esinezinhlamvu ezinamaqabunga ahlukanisiwe. Lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zingezinhlobo zegama elifanayo lezinhlwathi ze-pygmy. Igama lomhlaba jikelele lesayensi yezinhlwathi ezincane kunazo zonke, izinambuzane ezincane kunazo zonke kanye nama-ungulates amancane emhlabeni, anikezwe nguCarl Linnaeus, nguNeotragus pygmaeus.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inhlwathi encane
Igama lokuqala elivela egameni elincanyana elithi Neotragus liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili, ezingahunyushwa ngokuthi "imbuzi entsha", igama elithile futhi likhombisa ubukhulu obuncane besilwane esincelisayo futhi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "isibhakela esincane". Le artiodactyl inamanye amagama; izizwe zasendaweni ziyinike igama le-antelope yasebukhosini. Lokhu kubikwe okokuqala ngumthengisi uBoseman, obambe iqhaza kwiNkampani ye-West India, (ngesiNgisi Esidala, amagama athi inyamazane nelithi inkosi angomabizwafane). Futhi, okuthiwa i-Antilope regia nayo inegama - iCapra pygmaea, ngesiJalimane ingane ibizwa ngokuthi kleinstböckhen.
Ividiyo: Inhlwathi yePygmy
Isazi sezilwane esingumJalimane uSimon Pallas sichaze izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlwathi ezincane, iTragulus pygmaeus ne-Antilope pygmaea, kodwa kuthe lapho kuhlolisiswa ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kwavela ukuthi zombili zingezikaN. Pygmaeus. Umndeni omncane wezinhlwathi zezingane uhlukaniswe izizukulwane eziyisishiyagalombili nezinhlobo eziyishumi nane, kepha lesi sigaba siphikisana kakhulu, ngoba ukubukeka nendlela yokuphila ezinye zazo ziyefana kakhulu.
Uhlobo lwezinhlwathi ezincane lunezinhlobo eziningana ezinomsuka ofanayo, lezi yizi:
- i-dorcatragus (beira);
- u-ourebia (oribi);
- i-madoqua (dict);
- i-oreotragus (iziqeshana zeminwe);
- izinhlangothi zodonga.
Zonke lezi zilwane zibonakala ngesiqu esincane, indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, zitholakala ezifundeni ezahlukene zase-Afrika. Futhi, okhokho abavamile be-antelope ye-pygmy babengekho kuphela ngama-clippers nama-duikers, kodwa futhi nabamele umndeni omncane weCephalophinae.
Le artiodactyl inezihlobo ezimbalwa zomndeni nezinye izingane, njenge: Sunya (N. moschatus) kanye neBates antelopes (N. batesi), ezihlala kwezinye izifunda zezwekazi lase-Afrika. Babukeka njengabalingani babo base-Asia - tragul mouse deer. I-pygmy antelope inezifonyo ezinde kune-Bates antelope, futhi izindebe zibanzi, yize umlomo mncane, zenzelwe ukudla amahlamvu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani inyamazane ye-pygmy
Le artiodactyl encane enezimpondo ezingamamitha lapho ibuna ibude nje obuyikota yemitha, kanti ikhanda layo alikho ngaphezu kwengxenye yemitha. Isisindo se-antelope encane asikho ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu amathathu, kaningi cishe ngo-2 - 2.5. Imilenze yesilwane mncane, mncane, inomusa. Amakhanda abesilisa kuphela ahlotshiswe ngezimpondo ezimise okweqanda, ezimnyama, ubude bawo bungu-2 - 2,5 cm. Kukhona ukuqina okufana ne-roller ezansi kwezimpondo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imilenze yangaphambili yenyamazane yasebukhosini imfishane ngokuphindwe kabili kunaleyo yangemuva, ngakho-ke uhlaka lwale silhouette lunikeza isithombe sokuthi zihlala zithambekele emhlabathini, okwenza isilwane sifaniswe nonogwaja, womabili umzimba nomzimba.
Ijazi lithambile, nsundu ngombala obomvu noma wegolide. Maphakathi nekhanda nangemuva, umthunzi wejazi umnyama kancane kunowokuqala. Ukuqala kusukela esilevini, kwehle umphimbo nesisu, eceleni kohlangothi lwangaphakathi lwemilenze, kunombala omhlophe, kepha maphakathi nesifuba kwehlukaniswa "ikhola" ensundu, yakha “ihembe elingaphambili” elimhlophe ngaphezulu komphimbo. Futhi, inqwaba yezinwele ekugcineni komsila imhlophe. Umsila mncane, ubude bawo bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ku-antelope ye-pygmy, abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa, futhi amawundlu abo angangena ngokukhululeka entendeni yomuntu.
Amehlo enyamazane yenyamazane ayindilinga, makhulu, ansundu ngombala. Izindlebe ziyaguquka futhi zincane. Ubhejane wasekhaleni ubanzi, ngaphandle kwezinwele, upinki onsomi.
Ihlala kuphi inyamazane eyi-pygmy?
Isithombe: I-African pygmy antelope
I-artiodactyl encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni wezilwane ihlala emahlathini emvula aseNtshonalanga Afrika e:
- IGuinea;
- IGhana;
- ELiberia;
- ESierra Leone;
- ECote d'Ivoire.
Isilwane sithanda izindawo ezinamahlathi aminyene ezihlahlana nezitshalo ezine-herbaceous. Indawo yokuhlala isukela emithambekeni yezintaba zaseKoununkan eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGuinea. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndawo ithatha iSierra Leone, iLiberia, idlula eCote d'Ivoire, ifinyelela ogwini lweVolta eGhana. Izinyamazane zeNkosi zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho. Lapho zitholakala emngceleni wendawo yehlathi kanye namasavana. Lezi yizindawo lapho kunezimila ezifanele zezilwane ezincane, eziyimfihlo zokucasha nokuzondla. Noma kunjalo, lezi zinhlwathi zithanda amathafa anezinkuni anomswakama afudumele; lawa futhi angaba ngamahlathi wesibili.
Lezi zingane ezingenakho ukuzivikela zidinga uhlaza oluminyene ukuze zikwazi ukucasha kalula ezitheni. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni zokulima ezinamahlathi yize kunengozi yokubanjwa noma ukudutshulwa abazingeli.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amanye ama-subspecies ama-pygmy antelopes, isibonelo, uN. Hemprichii, ahlala e-Abyssinia. Isimo sezulu lapho asinomswakama kangako kanti abancane bakhetha ukuhlala emithambekeni yemihosha, lapho amanzi aqoqa khona ngemuva kwezimvula, futhi amahlathi aminyene ama-milkweed, izihlahla zameva nama-mimosa ahlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala nokudla.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-pygmy antelope ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ini inyamazane eyi-pygmy?
Isithombe: Inhlwathi encane ngokwemvelo
Lesi silwane esincelisayo, njengamanye ama-artiodactyl, yi-herbivore. Ithanda utshani obusha, amahlamvu kanye namahlumela esihlahla, izimbali. I-antelope encane izofaka nezithelo ezahlukahlukene ezinamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo ekudleni kwayo: izithelo namajikijolo, kanye namakhowe.
Ngenxa yobuningi bomswakama emahlathini ashisayo aseningizimu yeNtshonalanga Afrika, zonke izitshalo ziqukethe ujusi omningi, uzidla, inyamazane yasebukhosini ayisazizwa yomile, ngakho-ke ayidingi imithombo yamanzi futhi ayifuni izindawo zokunisela.
Imisipha yezihlathi ze-pygmy antelope ayithuthukisiwe ngokuqinile njengakwezinye, ngisho nezinhlobo ezisondelene kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, inyamazane yaseBates, yize le ncanyana ingekho nje enkulu kakhulu. Lezi zici zokwakheka, kanye nomlomo omncane, akuvumeli izingane ezinenselo evundlile ukuba zidle amahlumela ane-lignified. Kodwa imvelo yanakekela lezi zilwane, izivuza ngomlomo omude futhi omncane, izindebe ezibanzi, ongabamba ngazo amahlamvu amancane emahlathini aminyene.
Ekufuneni izindawo ezingcono ezinemithombo emisha yokudla, lezi zinkomo zingadlulela ezindaweni ezintsha, kepha njengoba izitshalo zikhula ngokushesha ezindaweni ezishisayo, izingane akudingeki zenze uhambo olude, ukunyakaza okuncane kuphela endaweni efanayo kwanele.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-antelope ehlanganisiwe
INeotragus pygmaeus ifihla kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumelekile, ngoba isilwane sincane ngesiqu, asikwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha, uma kuqhathaniswa nezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu, naso asinazo ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela: izimpondo ezinamandla noma izinselo. Kepha lezi zingane zifunde ukucasha ngokuphelele emhlathini ominyene wezindawo ezishisayo phakathi kotshani nezihlahla.
Insimu okuhlala kuyo izinhlwathi ezincane, uma uyithatha, ayidluli amamitha-skwele ayikhulu. Ubukhulu bendawo ehlala abantu bungahlulelwa yinqwaba yomquba. Bahamba nayo beyofuna ukudla, imvamisa kakhulu kusihlwa noma ngezikhathi zangaphambi kokusa. Isilwane siphumula emini, sicashe ngaphansi kwebhulashi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokungafani nososayensi abaningi, isazi sezilwane uJonathan Kingdon uthi izinhlwathi zondla emini nasebusuku obumnyama bosuku.
Izimpilo nezimilo zezinhlwathi ezimfushane aziqondakali kahle, zinamahloni kakhulu. Ngokusongelwa okuncane, ziguqa otshanini obuminyene, ziqandeke ukuze zingabonakali. Uma isitha sisondela kakhulu, lezi zingane ziyagxuma futhi zigijime ngekhanda zihambe phakathi kwamahlathi.
Ama-artiodactyls amancane asebenza ngomzimba ophansi, futhi ukweqa okuphezulu asebenzisa imilenze yangemuva enamandla yemisipha. Njengoba behlangabezane nesithiyo endleleni, bakunqoba ngokugxuma okuphezulu, futhi ukuze badidise labo ababebalandela, benza ukuphonsa amazombe ezinhlangothini ngenkathi begijima.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokumila okuncane, okungafinyeleli ngisho uhhafu wemitha, i-pygmy antelope inekhono elihle lokugxuma. Ukuphakama kokugxuma kufinyelela ngaphezu kwengxenye yemitha ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi, kanti ubude besilwane bunqoba ibanga cishe lamamitha amathathu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-baby pygmy antelope
Ama-antelopes wezingane ayedwa, kepha kukhona nezimo zesithembu. Ukumaka indawo, ama-pygmy bovids anezindlala zangaphambi kokubeletha. Azithuthuki kakhulu, kepha izilwane zimaka izindawo zazo ngephunga lazo, zihlikihla ngeziqu zezitshalo, futhi zifaka insimu ngendle. Izilwane aziqoqeki emihlambini, kaningi zihlala ngazimbili, yize abesifazane bekhetha indlela yokuphila ezimele.
Njengoba isilwane sinamahloni futhi sihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, izazi zezilwane azisazi isikhathi sokukhulelwa nezikhathi zokukhulelwa, kepha kucatshangwa ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Inzalo yalezi zilwane ezincelisayo ivela kanye ngonyaka. Abesifazane badedelwa emthwalweni ngasekupheleni kokwindla nasekuqaleni kobusika base-Afrika. Lapha, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-equatorial Africa, ushintsho lwezinkathi cishe alubonakali, futhi lungamakwa kuphela ngekhalenda, lezi izinyanga zikaNovemba-Disemba.
Imfucumfucu ihlala iqukethe umuntu oyedwa. Isisindo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa cishe ngama-300-400 amagremu, abuthakathaka kakhulu, kaningi, kwabesifazane abadala nabakhulu, kuzalwa izingane ezinesisindo esingu-500-800 amagremu. Uboya obuthambile bezingane bufana nombala wabantu abadala. Cishe izinyanga ezimbili, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zidla ubisi lukamama, kancane kancane zishintshela emadlelweni.
Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha emva kokuzalwa, inhlwathi ifinyelela ebusheni. Izinyamazane ze-Pygmy zingabonakala zidla emaqenjini amancane omndeni, kanye nezingane ezincane, ezikhulayo ezingakashadi. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokuphila endle silinganiselwa eminyakeni emi-5-6; ekuthunjweni, izilwane zihlala iminyaka emi-2-3 ubude.
Izitha zemvelo zama-pygmy antelopes
Isithombe: I-antelope encane ye-pygmy
Ezinganeni ezinjalo, noma yimuphi umhlaseli angaba yingozi. Lokhu kungaba ngabamele abakhulu bomndeni we-feline: ingwe noma i-panther, ekwazi ukuhlangana kalula nalezi zilwane noma ukuzibuka, icashe ezimileni eziminyene.
Izimpungushe nezimpisi nazo zihlasela izinhlwathi ze-pygmy, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisemngceleni wama-savanna. Ngisho nezinkawu ezinkulu, ezingadli kuphela ukudla kokutshala, kepha ezikwazi ukuzingela izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ziyakwazi ukubamba lezi artiodactyls.
Izinyoni ezidla inyama nazo ziyizitha zezinhlwathi zasebukhosini, kepha aziyona ingozi enkulu. Kunzima kubo ukuzingela ama-bovids ahambayo futhi aqaphile emhlathini ominyene, ezihlahleni zotshani nezihlahla. Ingozi enkulu ingalindelwa kusuka ezinyokeni ezinkulu ezinobuthi nezinhlwathi, ezingagwinya kalula inyamazane yazo encane.
Usongo oluphambili kulezi zinhlobo zabantu abangasetshenziswanga kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala kwalo lumelwe ngabantu, ngoba bayinto yokuzingelwa. Izilwane ezincelisayo zivame ukuwela ezingibeni ezibekelwe ezinye izilwane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kuze kufike ku-1,200 yezidumbu zalezi zinhlwathi ezingenakuzivikela ezithengiswa minyaka yonke ezimakethe zaseKumasi eGhana.
ESierra Leone, ama-artiodactyls amancanyana awazingelwa ngokukhethekile, kepha awela ezingibeni zabadayisi, yize kukhona amacala lapho bedutshulwa ngesibhamu. ECôte d'Ivoire, lezi zilwane ezincane ezincelisayo zakha ingxenye enkulu yesivuno senyama yamahlathi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kepha hhayi kuyo yonke indawo ama-pygmy antelopes aba yisisulu sabazingeli. ELiberia, phakathi kwabakhileyo ezizweni ezithile, lesi silwane sithathwa njengesiyinhlangano samandla amabi futhi kubekwa isimangaliso ekuzingeleni kwaso.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani inyamazane ye-pygmy
I-pygmy antelope ivame kakhulu e-Upper Guinea futhi itholakala e-Ivory Coast, eGhana naseSierra Leone. EGhana, empumalanga yoMfula iVolta, lesi silwane asitholakali noma siyivelakancane. Sekukonke, inani labantu ngo-2000 lifike kubantu abangafika ku-62,000, kepha lokhu akuyona idatha enembile, ngoba indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo ayikuvumeli ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhudlwana kwesimo ngemfuyo. Imininingwane itholwe ngokubala kabusha indawo yokuhlala kanye nobukhulu obudlulisiwe be-0.2-2.0 ngekhilomitha lesikwele.
Ngokwe-International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, ukuphepha kwalolu hlobo akubangeli ukukhathazeka. Kodwa izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane kwezinye izindawo ezihlala kuzo ziyazingelwa, okungaba yingozi ekongweni kwezinombolo. Futhi, ukunciphisa izindawo ezilungele impilo yalesi silwane, ukunwetshwa komhlaba wezolimo, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha kubuthinta kabi usayizi wabantu.
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi luyehla kancane kancane. Njengoba imisebenzi yabantu kanye nengcindezi ehambisana nayo ezindaweni zemvelo nasezilwaneni zasendle ziqhubeka nokukhula ngaphezu kwebanga lama-ungulates amancane kakhulu. Kepha kuze kube manje abukho ubufakazi bokuthi izinga lokwehla lisondele kakhulu ekufinyeleleni umkhawulo wezinga lokusongelwa.
Izindawo ezibekiwe nezindawo ezivikelwe zivumela ukugcinwa nokwandiswa kwenani lama-pygmy antelopes kulezi zindawo:
- eCôte d'Ivoire, eTai National Park, eMabi Yaya Forest Reserve;
- eGuinea, kuyisiqiwi semvelo iDike kanye nesiqiwu semvelo saseZiama;
- eGhana, e-Assin-Attandazo naseKakum National Parks;
- eSierra Leone, indawo yokulondolozwa kwamahlathi emvula iGola.
Inhlwathi yamaphaphu, yize imelwe ezilwaneni zase-Afrika ngenani elikhulu impela, kepha kusadingeka isimo sengqondo sokuzinakekela kumuntu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuvikelwe ngempumelelo laba bantu abangasetshenzisiwe kubazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho, namahlathi ekugawweni. Ukusinda kwalesi silwane manje kuncike kakhulu eqinisweni lokuthi senzelwe izimo ezinhle emapaki kazwelonke aseGhana naseCote d'Ivoire.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/24/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-19: 49
