I-Wallaby - ama-marsupials amancane naphakathi nokweqa. Zicishe zifane nama-kangaroo. Zinokuma okumile okusekelwa yimilenze emibili yangemuva engalingani ngokulinganayo nemilenze yangaphansi emincane, nomsila omkhulu ojiyile. Isebenzisa ukweqa njengendlela yokuqala yokuhamba, i-wallaby ingahamba kalula ku-25 km / h futhi ifike ngejubane eliphakeme lama-48 km / h.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Wallaby
Indawo yokuzalwa yama-marsupials yake yabhekwa njenge-Australia, kepha empeleni, ngokocwaningo olusha lwezakhi zofuzo, wonke ama-marsupials aphilayo, njengama-wallabies, ama-kangaroo nama-possum, mhlawumbe azalwa eNingizimu Melika. Ngosizo lwezindlela zesimanje, kuye kwenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe imininingwane emisha yezofuzo mayelana nezinye zalezi zinhlobo ukuthola umndeni.
Ngokuqhathanisa ama-genome aseNingizimu Melika i-possum (i-Monodelphis domestica) ne-wallaby yase-Australia (iMacropus eugenii) yokuba khona kwezimpawu ezikhethekile zofuzo, ososayensi bathole ukuthi lezi zilwane kumele zivele ohlwini lozalo olufanayo lwezilwane ezincelisayo.
Ividiyo: Wallaby
Imiphumela ikhombise ukuthi ama-marsupials aqhamuka kukhokho oyedwa eSouth America, futhi imfoloko yenzeka kudala lapho iNingizimu Melika, i-Antarctica, ne-Australia behlanganiswa ndawonye njengengxenye yendawo enkulu ebizwa ngeGondwana. Lokhu kwavumela izilwane ukuthi zigcwalise i-Australia. Ukutholwa kuphikisana nombono wangaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, akukaze kwenzeke ukuqinisekisa imiphumela etholwe ngemivubukulo eyembiwe.
I-Wallaby (Macropus eugenii) iyinhlobo yezilwane ezincelisayo zohlobo lwe-kangaroo (Macropus) kanye nommeleli womndeni we-kangaroo (Macropodidae). Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalolu hlobo kungatholakala phakathi kwamatilosi aseDashi ngo-1628. Igama elithi wallaby uqobo luthathwe olimini lwe-Eora. Lesi yisizwe esasikade sihlala endaweni yaseSydney yanamuhla. Izingane zaseWallaby, njengamanye ama-marsupials, zibizwa ngokuthi ama-joey.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isilwane saseWallaby
Ama-Wallabies mancane ukuya kuma-marsupials aphakathi nendawo. Bangabomndeni ofanayo wentela yentela njengama-kangaroo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bohlobo olufanayo. Igama elithi "wallaby" alichazwa kahle. Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kunoma imaphi ama-marsupials amancane. IWallaby akuyona iqembu elehlukile lezinto eziphilayo, kodwa uhlobo lwenyunyana yesigaba esithile. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 ze-wallaby.
Ngiyathokoza ukwazi! Uma sibheka ngomqondo omncane ukuqokwa kwe-wallaby, khona-ke uhlobo lweWallabia lufaka uhlobo olulodwa olukhona njengamanje (iSwamp wallaby) kanye nezinsalela ezitholakele zezinye izinhlobo manje ezingasekho.
Imilenze yangemuva enamandla yezilwane isetshenziselwa ukweqa amabanga amade. Ama-wallabies asezintabeni (uhlobo lwePetrogale) agxile ezindaweni ezimbi futhi anemilenze eshintshelwe ukubamba idwala kunokuba ibhoboze phansi ngezinzipho ezinkulu. Imilenze yangaphambili ye-wallaby mincane futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukondla. Banomlomo ocijile, izindlebe ezinkulu nengubo yoboya engaba mpunga, mnyama, obomvu, nsundu noma mhlophe.
Njengama-kangaroo, anemisila enamandla futhi emide esetshenziselwa ibhalansi. I-wallaby emfushane iyilungu elincane kunazo zonke lohlobo futhi ilungu elincane kunawo wonke lomndeni we-kangaroo. Ubude bayo bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-46 ukusuka ekhaleni kuye esihlokweni somsila, kanti isisindo sayo cishe siyi-1.6 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ama-wallabies amahlathi noma ama-philanders (fallabies), amahlanu awo asindile eNew Guinea.
Amehlo e-wallaby atholakala phezulu kogebhezi futhi anikeza isilwane umkhakha wokubuka ongu-324 ° ngokugqagqana ngama-25 ° (abantu banenkundla yokubuka eyi-180 ° ene-120 ° edlulanayo). Umbono wakhe unokuzwela okufana nokwonogwaja, izinkomo noma amahhashi. I-wallaby inezindlebe ezinkulu, ezicijile ezingazungeza ngokuzimela komunye nomunye ngo-180 °.
Ihlala kuphi i-wallaby?
Isithombe: Kangaroo wallaby
Ama-Wallabies asabalele kulo lonke elase-Australia, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu, ezinamahlathi kakhulu, nasezingeni eliphansi emathafeni amakhulu asenkangala, alungele kangcono amakhulu. ama-kangaroo amancane nezinyawo ezisheshayo. Zitholakala futhi esiqhingini saseGuinea, okuthi kuze kube ezikhathini zakamuva zomhlaba bekuyingxenye yezwekazi i-Australia.
Ama-rockabies edwala ahlala cishe ezindaweni ezimangelengele, emagqumeni anamatshe, emadwaleni, etsheni lesanti nasemigedeni. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda amathafa otshani abomile noma izindawo ezisogwini ezihlelwe kahle, amahlathi ashisayo. ENingizimu Australia, i-wallaby enombala obomvu nobomvu ijwayelekile. Ezinye izinhlobo azivamile kakhulu.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-wallaby ziye zaziswa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zabantu abazalanayo, kufaka phakathi:
- I-Kawau Island iyikhaya lenqwaba yetammar (eugenii), parma (parma etholakale kabusha, okukholakala ukuthi iphelile iminyaka eyi-100), i-marsh (bicolor) kanye ne-wall-tailed wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) kusukela ekwethulweni kuka-1870;
- Indawo yaseLake Tarawera inabantu abaningi abenza i-tammar (eugenii) eNew Zealand;
- Kunezindonga eziningi zikaBennett eningizimu yeNew Zealand;
- E-Isle of Man, kunezidonga ezingaphezulu kwekhulu ezibomvu nezimpunga kule ndawo, inzalo yombhangqwana owabaleka epaki yezilwane ngo-1970;
- IHawaii inabantu abambalwa esiqhingini sase-Oahu kulandela ukuphunyuka kwendawo yezilwane iPetrogale penicillata ngo-1916;
- EPeak District Nature Reserve yaseNgilandi, kwavela inani labantu kwabaphunyuka eziqiwini ngo-1940;
- Esiqhingini sase-Inchconnachan eScotland, kune-wallaby engaba ngu-28 ebomvu-mpunga;
- Abantu abaningana baziswa eLambey Island ngasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Ireland ngawo-1950. Leli koloni lakhula ngeminyaka yama-1980s kulandela ukwanda okungazelelwe kwabantu eDublin Zoo;
- EFrance, ehlathini laseRambouillet, elingamakhilomitha angama-50 entshonalanga neParis, kuneqembu lasendle elingaba ngu-30 wodonga lukaBennett. Inani labantu lavela ngeminyaka yama-1970 ngenkathi ama-wallabies abaleka e-Emanse Zoo ngemuva kwesiphepho.
Yini edliwa yi-wallaby?
Isithombe: I-Wallaby Kangaroo
Ama-Wallabies yizitshalo ezidla imifino, ingxenye eyinhloko yemifino nokudla kwezitshalo. Ubuso babo obude buyekela indawo eningi emihlathini namazinyo amakhulu, ayisicaba okuhlafuna ukudla kwemifino. Bangadla amaqabunga nezithelo, imifino namajikijolo, izimbali, ubulembu, amafern, amakhambi, kanye nezinambuzane. Bancamela ukondla ebusuku, ekuseni ngovivi nakusihlwa lapho sekupholile.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo! I-Wallaby inesisu esihlukanisiwe, njengehhashi. Isisu saso sangaphambili sisiza ukugaya izimila ezinemicu. Isilwane siphinde sikubuyise ukudla, sihlafune futhi sigwinye futhi (sihlafuna ushungamu), esisiza ukudiliza imicu emikhulu futhi sithuthukise ukugaya ukudla.
Ngenkathi kudla, ama-wallabies ajwayele ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane, yize izinhlobo eziningi zodwa. Ukuqeda ukoma kwabo, baya emigodini yokuchelela, kepha uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, bangaphila ngaphandle kokudla namanzi isikhathi eside. Isilwane sikhipha umswakama ekudleni. Lolu uhlobo oluqinile, olukwazi ukwenza okuncane uma kunesidingo.
Ngenxa yokwanda kwamadolobha muva nje, izinhlobo eziningi zodonga manje sezondla ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni. Bahamba amabanga amade befuna ukudla namanzi, okuvame ukuba yindlala endaweni abahlala kuyo. Ngesikhathi esomile, izixuku ezinodonga zivame ukubuthana emgodini ofanayo wokunisela.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isilwane saseWallaby
IWallaby ijwayele kahle isimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo sase-Australia. Bayasizwa futhi isimo sezulu kahle futhi babone imvula efika ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-20 bese beqonda kubo.
Lokhu kunelukuluku! IWallaby ikhiqiza cishe akukho methane, ekhiqizwa ngobuningi ngemfuyo nezimvu. Uhlelo lokugaya lwe-wallaby luguqula umkhiqizo we-hydrogen wokugaya ube yi-acetate, ebese imuncwa futhi isetshenziselwe amandla. Esikhundleni salokho, i-wallaby ikhipha isikhutha, okuyingozi ephindwe izikhathi ezingama-23 emvelweni kune-methane.
Lesi silwane sinezintambo ezincane kakhulu, cishe ezingekho nhlobo. Ngalesi sizathu, banobubanzi obulinganiselwe bemisindo. I-marsupial ihamba ngokugxuma. Uma edinga ukuhamba ibanga elifushane, wenza ama-jumps amancane, uma edinga ukunqoba izikhala ezinkulu, ubude bezimpumputhe buyakhula.
Njengawo wonke ama-marsupials, i-wallaby inemilenze yangemuva enamandla nezinyawo ezinkulu eziklanyelwe ukweqa. Wenze ngcono le ndlela yokuhamba ukuze ayenze ibe enye yezindlela ezisheshayo futhi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuhamba amabanga amade.
Ama-Wallabies ahamba buthule ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane. Isizathu salokhu izinyawo ezithambile ze-wallaby nokuthi izinyawo ezimbili kuphela ezithinta phansi. Ingavula kalula umlenze owodwa bese ishintsha indlela ngokushesha. Ungenza ukujika okungu-180 ° ngejubane elilodwa.
I-Wallaby iyakwazi ukweqa okulinganiselwe emuva kakhulu empini. Kodwa-ke, empeleni ngeke kube yindlela yokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane asikwazi ukuhamba siye phambili noma emuva ngokuhambisa imilenze yaso sodwa. I-Wallaby iphila kusuka eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kwengu-15.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Wallaby Cub
Ingane enodonga eyaziwa ngokuthi i-joey incane kakhulu lapho izalwa. Ifana ne-2 cm jelly futhi inesisindo esisodwa kuphela. Izingane ezingabantu zikhulu cishe izikhathi ezingama-3 500. Izinsana zeMarsupial zinezigaba ezimbili zokukhula. Esinye ngaphakathi kumama siyefana nezilwane ezincelisayo zomzimba ezifana nabantu, kanti enye ingaphandle komzimba kanina esikhwameni sangaphandle esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi isikhwama. Ngakho-ke igama elithi marsupial.
Isigaba 1. UJoey uzalwa cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kokukhulelwa. Lelizinyane liphuma emseleni wokuzalwa kukamama lingaboni, lingenaboya, linomlenze wesidudla futhi cishe lingenayo imilenze yangemuva. Isebenzisa izingalo zayo ezingaphambili emnyakazweni wokubhukuda (i-breaststroke), umntwana u-joey ukhasa ngoboya obukhulu bukanina aye esikhwameni. Isikhwama sisesiswini sowesifazane. Lolu hambo luthatha cishe imizuzu emithathu. Uhamba ngokuzimela ngokuphelele. Insikazi ayisizi ngalutho.
Isigaba 2. Uma esesikhwameni sikanina, ujoey unamathela ngokushesha kwesinye sezingono ezine. Lapho nje izinyane selinamathele engonweni yensikazi, lizofihlwa ngaphakathi kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha nohhafu. UJoey wabe eseqala ukukhipha ikhanda lakhe ngokucophelela esikhwameni futhi abheke umhlaba omzungezile. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, uzoba nokuzethemba kokuphuma futhi asheshe abuyele endaweni ephephile uma esaba.
Kuphela ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili, i-wallababy iyeka ukucasha esikhwameni somama bese iba izimele. I-wallaby yesilisa ayinazo izikhwama.
Izitha zemvelo zodonga
Isithombe: Wallaby
Lapho i-wallaby isongelwa, zizikhahlela emilenzeni futhi zenze umsindo wokuhhahazela ukwazisa abanye. Bangakwazi ukushaya isitha ngemilenze yabo yangemuva futhi balume - inqubo esetshenziswa futhi ngabesilisa abalwa bodwa.
I-Wallaby inezilwane eziningana ezidla imvelo:
- IDingo;
- Izinkozi ezinemisila ehlanganisiwe;
- Osathane baseTasmanian;
- Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinkulu njengezingwenya nezinyoka.
IWallaby iyakwazi ukuzivikela ezilwaneni eziyingozi ngokuzigadla ngomsila wayo omude onamandla. Ama-wallabies amancane ahlaselwa yizibankwa zendawo, izinyoka kanye nezinkozi ezinomsila. Abantu futhi baba usongo olukhulu kwi-wallaby. Izakhamizi zendawo, ziwuhlobo lwendabuko lokudla, ziyazizingela ngenyama noboya bazo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Ukungeniswa kwezimpungushe, amakati, izinja e-Australia kanye nokuzala kwazo ngokushesha kuthinte kabi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, kwadudula ezinye zacishe zashabalala.
Ukwenza ngcono inani labantu, ezinye zezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuthunjwa ezisengozini ziyadedelwa ziye endaweni yazo yemvelo, lapho ngokushesha ziba yizisulu ezilula zezilwane zasendle. Imizamo yokuyisebenzisa kabusha ivame ukuholela ezinkingeni. Ukufundisa i-wallaby ukwesaba izidumbu kungavimbela inkinga.
Ama-Wallabies anokuqonda okuvamile futhi okungokwemvelo kokuthi izidlakela zawo zibukeka kanjani. Ngakho-ke, abantu balwela ukuvusa izinkumbulo kuzo. Lapho inqwaba yezilwane iphonswa endle, zidinga ukwesekwa. Kusesekuseni kakhulu ukusho ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kuzowanyusa yini amathuba okusinda odongeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isilwane saseWallaby
Izinhlobo eziningi zehle kakhulu selokhu kwafuduka iYurophu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kuholele ekususweni komhlaba nasekulahlekelweni kwendawo yokuhlala - okuyisongo esikhulu ezinhlotsheni esezikhona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsongo kubantu zifaka:
- Izidliwayo - onogwaja, izimvu, izimbuzi, izinkomo - zincintisana nama-marsupials ngokudla, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile lapho ukudla kuncane khona.
- Ama-wallabies amaningi ayabandakanyeka ezingozini zezimoto njengoba ejwayele ukondla eduze kwemigwaqo nezindawo ezisemadolobheni.
- Umthelela obaluleke kakhulu wenziwe izinguquko ezimweni zendabuko zokushisa utshani emadlelweni. Lokhu kwehlise umthombo wamandla we-wallaby futhi kwandisa inani lemililo eshisayo yasehlobo eshisayo.
- Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kuholela ekwehlisweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zehlathi lama-wallaby philanders.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zibhekwa njengezilokazane zezolimo futhi zibhujiswa izakhamuzi zendawo.
- Izilwane eziningi ezethuliwe njengamadingo, izimpungushe, amakati nezinja zihlasela ama-wallabies.
- I-Tammar wallabies (iMacropus eugenii) seyinyamalale ngokuphelele endaweni yangakubo ezwekazini i-Australia, ikakhulu ngenxa yezimpungushe. Kepha ziyasinda lapho izidumbu zingekho - eziqhingini ezincane ezisogwini naseNew Zealand.
Izinhlobo eziningi zivundile ngakho-ke azisengozini. Kodwa ezinye, njengezintaba, zithathwa njengezisengozini.
Umlindi weWallaby
Isithombe: Wallaby esivela eRed Book
Abomdabu babenomthelela omncane ekusindeni kwabantu base-wallaby eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 zokuhlalisana kwabo. Kepha selokhu kwafika izifiki zaseYurophu, abantu baqale ukuba nethonya elikhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-wallaby zihlupheke kakhulu futhi zinganyamalala.
Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN lubandakanya:
- I-Black Forest Wallaby Esengozini;
- Esengozini esengozini Proserpine wallaby;
- I-rock wallaby enezinyawo eziphuzi, ezisengozini;
- IRufous Hare Wallaby noma iWarrup - isengozini yokuqothulwa;
- Umsila weWallaby's Bridled Nail usengozini yokuqothulwa;
Ama-subspecies amahlanu eBlackfoot Mountain Wallaby asezingeni elingafani lobungozi futhi abhalwe njenge-Endangered noma i-Vulnerable. Izinhlelo zokuzalela izithunjwa ezisezintabeni zibe nempumelelo ethile, ngesibalo esincane sabantu esikhishwe endle muva nje.
I-stripaby wallaby hare (iLagostrophus flaviatus) kukholakala ukuthi iyilungu lokugcina elisele emndenini omkhulu owake waba mkhulu iStenurinae, futhi yize zazivame kakhulu eningizimu ye-Australia, uhla lwamanje lukhawulelwe eziqhingini ezimbili ezisogwini lwaseWestern Australia ezingenazo izidlova. Ngeshwa, ezinye izinhlobo udonga yafa ngokuphelele. I-kangaroo hare esempumalanga, i-crescent wallaby, yizinhlobo ezimbili esezashabalala selokhu kwahlala i-Europe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05.04.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 19.09.2019 ngo-13: 32
