Izwi lomlomo kubo alinabulungiswa. Kusukela endulo, umuntu ubelokhu eqhubeka nokusabalalisa amahlebezi okuthi leli cwecwe yisidalwa esidelelekile futhi esiyingozi, ukuthi ukulithinta okukodwa kugcwele okungenani insumpa, futhi, nokufa. Khonamanjalo, kunzima ukuthola i-amphibian eMhlabeni engaletha izinzuzo ezisobala kubantu njengethole lobumba.
Incazelo yesigaxa sobumba
Ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle nexoxo, iselesele lihlala lididekile nalo.... Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezilimini zabanye abantu, abamele le mindeni emibili ehlukene babizwa ngegama elilodwa, ngaphandle kokwenza umehluko wesichazamazwi.
Kuyihlazo nokho! Ngemuva kwakho konke, iselesele, futhi liyisigaxa sangempela, singaphansi kwesigaba sama-amphibians, ukuhleleka komsila, umndeni wamasondo futhi unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500. Zonke zihlukaniswe izizukulwane ezingama-40, ingxenye eyodwa kokuthathu yazo itholakala endaweni yaseYurophu.
Ukubukeka
Leli cwecwe lenzelwe njengoba kufanele kube ele-amphibian engenamsila - umzimba oxegayo, ongenawo umugqa ocacile, ikhanda elicijile, amehlo aqhotho, ulwelwesi phakathi kwezinzwani, isikhumba esingumhlaba, esingalingani, sonke esinamashubhu nezinsumpa. Hhayi isidalwa esihle kakhulu!
Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu wezikhathi zasendulo akayithandi ingane? Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amaselezi ayizingane. Lapho sebekhulile, bangakhula bafike kuma-53 cm ubude futhi babe nesisindo esifinyelela ku-1 kilogram. Izinsipho zinemilenze emifushane eyanele yomzimba osindayo. Ngalesi sizathu, amasele awakwazi ukugxuma njengamaxoxo futhi awabhukudi kahle.
Izici ezihlukile zamasele obumba zifaka:
- ukungabi namazinyo emhlathini ophezulu;
- ukutholakala kwama-tubercles emilenzeni yabesilisa - "ama-nuptial calluses", ngosizo lwawo aphethwe emzimbeni wowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhwelana;
- izindlala ezinkulu ezibizwa ngama-parotid.
Okubalulekile! Lezi zindlala ziyadingeka wulezwane ukukhiqiza uketshezi oluthambisa isikhumba. Kwezinye izinhlobo zamaselebhu aphansi, le mfihlo iqukethe izinto ezinobuthi njengesikhali sokuzivikela. Kumuntu, le mfihlo ayisiyongozi empilweni. Kungadala umuzwa ovuthayo kuphela. Okuwukuphela kwento eyodwa isele elilodwa elibulalayo eMhlabeni - yebo.
Emkhakheni wezinhlayiya zobumba ezingama-40, izinhlobo ezi-6 zingatholakala endaweni yaseRussia nakwamanye amazwe angaphambili e-CIS. Bonke bangabantu bohlobo lwebufo.
- Isigaxa sobumba esimpunga, uyisigaxa esivamile. Uhlobo olukhulu emndenini (7x12 cm) nolunye oluvame kakhulu. Naphezu kwegama, kungaba yimpunga kuphela, kepha futhi nomnqumo, nsundu. Umhlane umnyama kunesisu. Ngobude, leli toza licishe liphindwe kasigamu nengxenye kunobubanzi. ERussia, isigaxa sobumba esimpunga sitholakala eMpumalanga Ekude nase-Asia Ephakathi. Akathandi izindawo ezinomswakama kakhulu, ekhetha indawo enamahlathi.
- Isilevu saseMpumalanga Ekude, kunalokho, ithanda izindawo ezimanzi - amadlelo agcwele amanzi, amathafa ezikhukhula zemifula. Isici salolu hlobo umbala - amabala amnyama ansundu ngokukhanyayo kumpunga emuva. Futhi, ezenzweni zaseMpumalanga Ekude, insikazi ihlale inkulu kuneyesilisa. Lawa masele atholakala eMpumalanga Ekude, eSakhalin, eTransbaikalia, eKorea naseChina.
- Isigaxa sobumba oluhlaza ithole igama layo kusuka kumbala ongemuva - amabala aluhlaza amnyama ngemuva komnqumo. Isifihla semvelo esinjalo simsebenzela kahle, simenze angabonakali lapho ethanda ukuhlala khona - emadlelweni nasemathafeni emifula. Imfihlo yelesele eliluhlaza inobuthi ezitheni zemvelo, ayiyona ingozi kubantu. Itholakala esifundeni iVolga, e-Asia, eYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika.
- Isigaxa saseCaucasus incintisana ngosayizi ne-toad ejwayelekile. Ingu-12.5 cm ubude. Abantu abadala bavame ukuba nsundu noma mpunga ngombala, kepha "abasha" banombala osawolintshi, okuthi kamuva kube mnyama. Isele laseCaucasus, njengoba igama lisho, lihlala eCaucasus. Uthanda amahlathi nezintaba. Ngezinye izikhathi zingatholakala emihumeni emanzi nemanzi.
- Umhlanga Toad, uyanuka. Kubukeka sengathi i-toad eluhlaza. Ubukhulu obufanayo - obufinyelela ku-8 cm ubude, futhi uthanda umhlanga nezindawo ezimanzi, ezinamaxhaphozi. Isici esivelele salolu hlobo yi-resonator yomqala ethuthukile kowesilisa, ayisebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ungabezwa futhi uwabone lamasele eBelarus, entshonalanga ye-Ukraine nasendaweni yaseKaliningrad.
- Umswani waseMongolia inomzimba omkhulu, ongafika ku-9 cm ubude, embozwe izinsumpa ngameva. Umbala ungaba kusuka kwimpunga kuye ku-beige kanye nsundu. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, amabala ezinhlobonhlobo zejometri ayahlukeka. Ngaphandle kweMongolia, lobu buqili buye babonwa eSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude, eNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine naseBaltic States.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isigaxa esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni isele likaBlumberg. I-giantess inomzimba ongama-25 cm ubude futhi ayinabungozi ngokuphelele. Abantu bodwa abodwa bangatholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseColombia nase-Ecuador, kodwa bodwa bodwa, ngoba lolu hlobo lusengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Isele elincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni yiKihansi Archer Toad, elingana nohlamvu lwemali oluyi-5 ruble: 1.9 cm (owesilisa) no-2.9 cm (owesifazane) ubude. Kanye neselesele elikhulu kunawo wonke, lisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Phambilini ibitholakala eTanzania, endaweni elinganiselwe kakhulu eduze kwempophoma, esifundeni soMfula iKihansi.
Indlela Yokuphila
Amasele omhlaba ahola impilo yokuzilibazisa emini futhi "ayasebenza" ebusuku... Lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, bayahamba bayokuzingela. Ziyaphuma, zixakekile futhi ziyaxokozela, azigxumi njengamaxoxo, kepha "zihamba ngezinyathelo." Ngokugxuma okukodwa, bangacasulwa yingozi. Kepha kulokhu, bakhetha ukugoba imihlane yabo nge-hump, ekhombisa ukuzivikela okwedlulele esitheni. Amaxoxo awakwenzi lokho.
Yize zinamahloni futhi zihamba kancane, amasele obumba angabazingeli abahle. Ubudlabha babo kanye nokukhethekile kwemvelo kubasiza ukuba balahle ulimi lwabo ngejubane lombani, babambe isinambuzane endizeni. Amaxoxo ngeke akwenze lokho. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, amasele awela emifanekisweni emisiwe, njengoba ngaphambilini bazitholele indawo ecashile - ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, emigodini elahliwe yamagundane amancane, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile. Abamasele bahlala bodwa. Bahlangana ngamaqembu kuphela ukushiya inzalo, bese "behlakazeka" futhi, babuyele ku-hummock yabo abayithandayo.
Uhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani umsele wobumba
Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila samasele obumba siyiminyaka engama-25-35. Kunezimo lapho abanye babamele babo baphila iminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ukuhlala, izinzwani zobumba zikhetha izindawo ezimanzi, kepha hhayi eduze kwemizimba yamanzi. Badinga amanzi okukhukhula amaqanda kuphela.
Okubalulekile! Ngenxa yokwehlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, indawo yokuba khona kwamasele obumba cishe ikuyo yonke indawo. Lezi zilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini zitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, yi-Antarctica.
Isikhathi esisele, amasele akhetha izindlu zomswakama ezinomswakama, ezisanda kumbiwa, ezisenomswakama inhlabathi, imifantu ezintabeni, amahlathi aminyene otshani emathafeni ezikhukhula zemifula, amahlathi emvula. Kepha! Kunezinhlobo ezihlala emaqeleni nasemathafeni awomile.
Ukudla kweselesele lobumba
Isitsha esiyinhloko semenyu ejwayelekile yobumba izinambuzane... Wengeza ngenjabulo iminenke, izikelemu, amacimbi, nezinyongo kubo. Akugwemi izibungu nezinambuzane. Lesi siminzi esingakhethi kakhulu asidideki yimibala ekhanyayo, exwayisayo yezinambuzane ezithile noma ukubukeka kwaso okungavamile. Isigaxa sasemhlabathini singumsizi omuhle kakhulu futhi osebenza kahle kakhulu kubantu ekulweni nezinambuzane zezolimo.
Ukulima kwangempela okuhlelekile, unogada wasesivunweni ebusuku. Usuku lonke, isele elilodwa lobumba lidla kuze kufike ku-8 g wezinambuzane ezisengadini! Izinhlobo ezinkulu zamasele obumba ziyakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kanye nesibankwa, inyoka, igundane elincane. Amasele asabela ngokungacabangi ezintweni ezihambayo, kepha ahlukanise kahle ukunyakaza endizeni eyodwa, njengokudlidliza kotshani.
Izitha zemvelo
Isigaxa somhlabathi sizungezwe izitha kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Izindwandwe, onogolantethe, ama-ibise bayazibheka besuka esibhakabhakeni kanye nokuphakama kwemilenze yabo emide. Phansi, babhajwe ngama-otter, imink, izimpungushe, izingulube zasendle, ama-raccoon. Futhi akukho nsindiso ezinyokeni. Akuwona wonke ummeleli walezi zasemanzini okhiqiza imfihlo enobuthi. Futhi ukufihla okuhle kuphela okungasindisa lokhu, empeleni, i-amphibian engenakuzivikela, nokuzala okuphezulu kungakusindisa ekuqothulweni.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, nasezindaweni ezishisayo - inkathi yemvula, inkathi yokukhwelana iqala ngamasele obumba... Futhi babuthana ngamaqembu amakhulu echibini. Ukuba khona kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu - amasele azokhula kuwo. Emanzini, izibungu zizoqhamuka emaqandeni, ezizophenduka onoshobishobi. Laboshobishobi bazohlala emanzini izinyanga ezimbili, badle ulwelwe oluncane nezitshalo, baze baphenduke izinzwani ezincane ezigcwele, ukuze bakwazi ukukhasa bangene emhlabathini bese beza echibini futhi ngonyaka. I-Tovi caviar ayibukeki njenge-caviar yexoxo.
Kulezo zikhona ngesimo sezigaxa ze-gelatinous, nakuzinsipho - ezintanjeni ze-gelatinous, ubude bazo obungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-8. I-clutch eyodwa - izintambo ezimbili, kufaka phakathi amaqanda angaba yizinkulungwane eziyi-7 esewonke. Izintambo ziboshwe, ukuze zithembeke, phakathi kwe-algae. Izinga lokuzalwa konoshobishobi lincike ezinhlotsheni zezwane noma ezingeni lokushisa lamanzi, futhi lingahluka lisuka ezinsukwini ezinhlanu liye ezinyangeni ezimbili. Izinsikazi ezinsikazi ziza echibini ukuzokhwelana ngemuva kweziduna, zilandela ikholi yazo. Lapho insikazi isondela kowesilisa, igibela ngomhlane ifuthise amaqanda, ewazala ngaleso sikhathi. Ngemuva kokuthi owesifazane eqede ukuzala, uya ogwini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kunezinhlobo zamasele obumba lapho owesilisa esebenza njengomzanyana. Ihlala enhlabathini futhi ivikele amateyipu okwakhiwa kwamanxeba ezinqeni zayo, ilinde onoshobishobi ukuthi bavele kuwo.
Kukhona amaselethikazi ababelethisi. Babeka amaqanda emhlane bese bewathwala kuze kuvele izibungu. Futhi le ndima ibuye idlalwe ngabesilisa! Futhi kukhona iselesele elimangalisa ngokwengeziwe - i-viviparous. Uhlala e-Afrika. Leli qweqwe alibekeli amaqanda, kepha liwathwala ngaphakathi kwawo uqobo - izinyanga eziyi-9! Futhi ubulembu obunjalo abuzali onosikizi, kodwa obuzalanayo. Kuyamangaza futhi ukuthi le nqubo yenzeka ezinzwaneni kabili kuphela empilweni yayo, futhi izala izingane ezingeqile kwezingama-25 ngasikhathi sinye. Kungabe kuyamangaza yini ukuthi lolu hlobo lusengcupheni yokuqothulwa futhi luyavikelwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezingandile zamasele ezisengozini - i-viviparous African Toad, umhlanga wobuhlanga, i-Kihansi encane. Zonke zibhalwe kuRed Book. Ngokudabukisayo, kepha kaningi umuntu ubeka isandla sakhe kuleli qiniso, echitha ngokungenamahloni indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini... Ngakho-ke, uKihansi wacishe wanyamalala ngemuva kokuthi abantu bakhe idamu emfuleni lapho babehlala khona. Idamu livimbe ukungena kwamanzi futhi lancisha uKihansi indawo yokuhlala yemvelo. Namuhla lolu hlobo lwamamasele obumba lungatholakala e-zoo kuphela.
