Ama-bandicoots, abamele ukugqashuka kwama-marsupials ase-Australia, ahlala ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zemvelo: izingwadule namahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo, amadlelo asezingeni eliphansi nolwandle, amanye awo ahlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-2000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Kodwa-ke, indawo esatshalaliswayo ebanzi, noma ukumila okuphezulu kwalezi zinhlobo akuzange kusindise izilwane ekuqothulweni. Namuhla ama-bandicoots - avame kakhulu e-Australia ngasikhathi sinye yezilwane zawo eziyivelakancane. Ake sibazi kangcono?
Incazelo yama-bandicoots
AmaMarsupial badger yizilwane ezincane: kuya ngohlobo, ubude bomzimba besilwane buba phakathi kuka-17 kuye ku-50 cm... Isisindo se-bandicoot cishe siyi-2 kg, kepha kukhona nabantu abakhulu abafinyelela ku-4-5 kg. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane.
Ukubukeka
- Umlomo omude, okhonjisiwe wenza i-bandicoot ibukeke njengegundane. Ubumbano obumbene bomzimba kanye nemilenze yangemuva, enamandla kakhulu futhi made kunaleyo yangaphambili, kwenza isilwane sibonakale njengonogwaja.
- Amehlo mancane, azwela ekukhanyeni kwemini.
- Izindlebe azinaboya futhi, kuye ngohlobo lwesilwane okungokwalo, zingaba ncane futhi ziyindilinga, futhi zinde futhi zikhombe.
- Ezingxenyeni zangaphambili, iminwe yesi-2, yesithathu, yesine mide futhi ifakwe izipho, owokuqala nowesi-5 amafushane futhi angenazinzipho.
- Emilenzeni yangemuva, uzwane lokuqala alunasisekelo noma alukho, olwesibili nolwesithathu luhlanganisiwe, kepha luhlukanise uzipho, olwesine lincane.
- Umsila mncane, awubambeki, umbozwe izinwele, maqondana nosayizi womzimba mfushane.
- Ama-bandicoots esifazane anesikhwama esivuleka emuva naphansi, ngaphakathi kunemibhede emibili yobisi enezimbambo ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu zezingono.
- Ukuthungwa nobude boboya kuma-marsupial badgers kuyehluka kuya ngohlobo lwenhlobo: kungaba buthambile futhi bube bude, noma bube nzima futhi bube bufushane.
- Umbala womzimba unebanga elimnyama noma elinsundu ngombala onombala ophuzi nobomvu, isisu sikhanya - mhlophe, saphuzi noma mpunga. Imivimbo eminingana emnyama evundlile ivame ukugijima ngaphakathi kwe-sacrum.
Ngo-2011, uMgcinimafa wase-Australia wakhipha imali yesikhumbuzo yesikhumbuzo nge-bilby enemibala - i-bandicoot kanogwaja (iMacrotis lagotis). Umdwebi u-E. Martin, owalungisa umdwebo wohlamvu lwemali, ngobuqili nangothando wadlulisa zonke izici ezihlukanisa ama-bilbies kwamanye ama-marsupial badgers: ubuso obuhle, izindlebe ezinde ezibomvana, uboya obusilika-mpunga obumnyama, umsila omnyama nomhlophe. Indlela yokuphila yalezi zilwane ezithandekayo nayo inezici zayo: zimba zijule (kuze kufike ku-1.5 m) futhi zandisa imingcele evunguza, lapho zihlala kaningi ngambili noma ngenzalo yabantu abadala.
Indlela Yokuphila
Onke ama-bandicoot ayizilwane ezifihlayo, eziqaphile futhi ezihamba ebusuku, aphume azingele ebumnyameni futhi afune inyamazane ikakhulukazi ngosizo lokuzwa nokunuka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Endle, izilwane ziphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-1.5-2, ezimbalwa zazo kuphela ezifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu. Abantu abasha bathanjiswe kahle, futhi lapho begcinwa ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sempi yamabhande esanda sikhula siye eminyakeni emithathu noma emine.
Emini, imingcele yobumba engajulile noma enesihlabathi, imigodi yezihlahla isebenza njengendawo yabo yokuphephela. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-marsupial badger, njenge-bandicoot esenyakatho ensundu, zakha izidleke zomhlaba negumbi elingaphakathi elisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Ukwahlukanisa
IBandicoot Squad (iPeramelemorphia) kuhlanganisa 3 imindeni:
- Ama-bandicoots ezinyawo zezingulube (Chaeropodidae);
- IBandicoot (iPeramelidae);
- Unogwaja Ama-bandicoots (Thylacomyidae).
TO umndeni wama-Bandicoots ezinyawo zezingulube (Chaeropodidae) Okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezingasekho manje yi-Pig-footed bandicoot (Chaeropus ecaudatus) yohlobo lwama-bandicoots ezinyawo zezingulube (Chaeropus).
KU-IN umndeni wamaBandicoots (Peramelidae) kunemindeni emithathu:
- Ama-bandicoots ama-Spiny (Echymiperinae);
- I-Bandicoot (Peramelinae);
- I-New Guinea Bandicoots (iPeroryctinae)
Umndeni omncane we-Spiny Bandicoots (Echymiperinae) inezinhlobo ezintathu:
- Ama-bandicoots ama-Spiny (Echymiperinae);
- Ama-bandicoots egundane (Microperoryctes);
- Ama-bandicoots ama-Ceram (Rhynchomeles).
Uhlobo lwe-bandicoots enameva ihlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezi-5 ezilandelayo:
- I-Spiny Bandicoot (i-Echymipera clara);
- IBandicoot David (Echymipera davidi);
- I-Bandicoot ekhombe ngokucijile (Echymipera echinista);
- I-bandicoot enesicaba (Echymipera kalubu);
- I-bandicoot enekhanda elibomvu (elibomvu) (i-Echymipera rufescens).
TO uhlobo lweMouse Bandicoots faka izinhlobo:
- IHarfak Bandicoot (Microperoryctes);
- I-bandicoot emthende (Microperoryctes longicauda);
- Igundane le-Mouse (Microperoryctes murina);
- I-bandicoot enemigqa yaseMpumalanga (Microperoryctes murina);
- Ibhande lePapuan (Microperoryctes papuensis).
Uhlobo lweCeram bandicoots inohlobo olulodwa kuphela - iCico (Seram) bandicoot (Rhynchomeles prattorum).
I-Subfamily Bandicoot (Peramelinae) kufaka izinhlobo ezimbili:
- Ama-bandicoots anezikhala ezimfushane (Isoodon);
- Ama-bandicoots anezimpondo ezinde (ama-Perameles).
Uhlobo lwama-bandicoots anezikhala ezimfushane (Isoodon) kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- I-Golden (Barrow) Bandicoot (Isoodon auratus);
- IBandicoot enkulu (Isoodon macrourus);
- I-bandicoot encane (i-Isoodon obesulus).
TO umndeni we-bandicoot onekhala elide, noma ama-marsupial badgers anezikhala ezinde (ama-Perameles), ayizinhlobo ezine:
- I-Coarse Bandicoot (i-Perameles bougainville);
- Ugwadule Bandicoot (Perameles eremiana);
- I-bandicoot yaseTasmanian (Perameles gunnii);
- I-bandicoot enekhala elide (Perameles nasuta).
TO umndeni omncane waseNew Guinea Bandicoots (Peroryctinae) uhlobo olulodwa kuphela olwe- New Guinea bandicoots (Peroryctes), ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokulalisa:
- IGiant Bandicoot (iPeroryctes broadbenti);
- INew Guinea Bandicoot (iPeroryctes raffrayana).
KU-IN umndeni wama-bandicoots onogwaja kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwegama elifanayo (iMacrotis) nezinhlobo ezimbili:
- Unogwaja bandicoot (Macrotis lagotis);
- Ibhande likanogwaja elincane (iMacrotis leucura), selingasekho.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ama-bandicoots anezikhala ezimfishane namakhala amade asakazeke kulo lonke elase-Australia, nasesiqhingini saseTasmania. Indawo yokuhlala entofontofo - indawo ephakeme efinyelela kumamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, lapho bethanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinezihlahla ezinotshani obuminyene, kepha ungashiyi ukunaka nezindawo ezivulekile, imiphetho yehlathi, amadlelo nezindawo eziseduze nemizana.
Abamele uhlobo lohlobo lwama-bandicoots anameva atholakala kuphela ePapua New Guinea... Isiqhingi saseKeram, esiphakathi kweziqhingi zaseSulawesi neNew Guinea futhi esanikeza igama lolu hlobo, ukuphela kwendawo okuhlala kuyo amaCeram bandicoots. Zikhetha uhlaza oluminyene lwezintaba ukuze zihlale kuzo.
AmaNew Guinea Bandicoots ahlala endaweni encane, ehlanganisa iziqhingi zaseNew Guinea naseYapen. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zalolu hlobo zingamahlathi asezingeni eliphansi angadlula nezihlahlana eziminyene notshani.
Ukudla kwebheji ye-marsupial
Ama-bandicoots ayingqayizivele. Emincane, kepha icijile futhi inamandla, njengamakati, ikanini ivumela izilwane ukubhekana nezibankwa namagundane amancane. Uma kungekho silo esikhangayo, ama-marsupial badgers awayinaki iminenke, umuhlwa, izibungu, ama-millipedes, izibungu zezinambuzane. Akunankinga ngokudla izithelo ezinamanzi, amaqanda ezinyoni, izimpande nezinhlamvu zezitshalo.
Isidingo samanzi kuma-bandicoots sincane, ngoba bathola umswakama odingekayo ezinqubweni zokuphila kanye nokudla.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izilwane zihlala ngokwehlukana: ngasinye ngasensimini yaso, emakwe ngemfihlo efihliwe ngezindlala ezingemva kwezindlebe zebhande. Abesilisa banendawo enkulu kunabesifazane. Bendawonye babuthana kuphela ngezikhathi zokukhwelana: eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, ama-bandicoots afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi, futhi "abakhongi" bachitha isikhathi esiningi impela befuna abangaba ngabalingani.
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili, phakathi nonyaka uzala cishe amawundlu ayi-16, kanti kudoti owodwa kungaba kusuka kwababili kuya kwabahlanu. Izingane zincane kakhulu - ubude bethole elisanda kuzalwa bungu-0,5 cm kuphela.Nokho, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa, bathola amandla okungena esikhwameni sikamama futhi bathole ingono emgodini wobisi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-bandicoots anezikhala ezinde (ama-Perameles) ama-marsupials ahleleke kakhulu: abesifazane besifazane kuphela balolu hlobo banezisekelo ze-chorioallantoid placenta, efana nokufakwa ezilwaneni ezincelisayo eziphakeme. Ngakho-ke, amawundlu ama-bandicoots anezikhala ezinde, athola ukudla okunomsoco esikhathini sombungu, makhulu ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kunamanye ama-marsupials alingana nawo.
Lapho unezinyanga ezimbili, ama-bandicoots aqinile ngokwanele ukushiya isikhwama, anikeze udoti omusha osuvele uvele kunina. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, isizukulwane esisha sishiyelwa kumadivayisi aso, futhi ukunakekelwa ngabazali phezu kwaso kuyaphela.
Izitha zemvelo
Usongo lokuba khona kwama-bandicoots ikakhulukazi lumelwa ngumuntu oguqula futhi abhubhise indawo yemvelo yezilwane ngokwabela umhlaba wokwakha nokwakha indawo yokulima. Umzabalazo wabantu base-Australia onogwaja basendle, ababhubhisa amadlelo avundile, wathinta ngokudabukisayo ama-bandicoots, aba yizisulu zezithiyo nezicupho ezinobuthi. Endle, izitha zama-marsupial badgers ziyizilwane ezidliwayo - izikhova, izimpungushe, ama-dingo, namakati.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngenxa yokuthi iningi lendawo yemvelo yama-marsupial badger yenzeka kakhulu, izilwane ziyancipha ngokuqhubekayo. Ngaphandle kwezinyawo zezingulube ezingasekho, amabhande amancane onogwaja kanye nama-steppe bandicoots, i-New Guinea namabhandishi amancane anezikhala ezimfushane asengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yezinombolo zabo ezincane kanye nokuzingela njalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kubhalwe ohlwini lwama-bandicoots anemigqa futhi anezinwele ezimnyama. Ukwehla kwendawo yokuhlala yama-Ceram marsupial badgers kusongela ukuqhubeka nokuphila kwabo.
Namuhla, umsebenzi wososayensi ukuvuselela nokuvikela i-zoocenosis yama-bandicoots... Uhlelo lokuzalela ama-marsupial badgers ekuthunjweni luyasakazeka ukuze inzalo echanyuselwe bese ibuyiselwa endle.
