Ufudu lomnqumo, olwaziwa nangokuthi i-olive ridley, ufudu lwasolwandle oluphakathi nendawo, manje olusengaphansi kokuvikelwa ngenxa yosongo lokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuqothulwa ngabantu kanye nethonya lezinsongo zemvelo. Uthanda amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasolwandle asolwandle nolwandle, ikakhulukazi ingxenye engasogwini.
Incazelo yofudu lomnqumo
Ukubukeka
Umbala weShell - grey-olive - uhambelana negama lalezi zinhlobo zofudu... Umbala wezimfudu ezisanda kuchanyuselwa umnyama, intsha iyimpunga emnyama. Ukuma kwe-carapace yalezi zinhlobo zofudu kufana nokuma kwenhliziyo, ingxenye yayo engaphambili igobile, futhi ubude bayo bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60 noma angama-70. Ngasemaphethelweni ephansi egobolondo lofudu lomnqumo, kunezimbhangqwana ezine kuya kweziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu zezigqoko zesakhiwo esinomhlwenga esinenombolo efanayo ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe ezine ngaphambili, okuyisici esihlukile salolu hlobo lofudu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ama-Olive Ridleys anezitho ezifana nezicijana ezingaziphatha kahle emanzini. Inhloko yalezi zimfudu ifana nonxantathu uma ibukwa ngaphambili; ikhanda libhebhe ezinhlangothini. Bangakwazi ukufinyelela ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-80, nesisindo esifinyelela kuma-50 kilograms.
Kepha abesilisa nabesifazane banokuhluka abangahlukaniswa ngakho: abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, imihlathi yabo mikhulu, i-plastron i-concave, umsila mkhulu futhi uyabonakala ngaphansi kwe-carapace. Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa, futhi umsila wabo uhlala ufihliwe.
Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila
U-Olive Ridley, njengazo zonke izimfudu, uhola imodi yokuphila ezolile, ayifani nomsebenzi oqhubekayo kanye nokuxokozela. Ekuseni kuphela lapho ekhombisa ukukhathazeka ngokuzitholela ukudla, kuthi emini azulazule ebusweni bamanzi.... Lezi zimfudu zinomuzwa othuthukile wokuhlangana - zigxumagxuma emfuyweni enkulu, zigcina ukushisa ukuze zingadluleli emzimbeni nasolwandle. Bayazibalekela izingozi ezingaba khona futhi bakulungele ukuyigwema nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Endleleni yokuphila yalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo, kuvela izingozi eziningi nezinsongo, ezinganqotshwa kuphela ngabantu abaguquke kakhulu. Kepha labo abahlakaniphile, abaqinile abanenhlanhla banganikwa ithuba lokuphila impilo ende - cishe iminyaka engama-70.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala
I-Ridley itholakala kokubili emaphethelweni olwandle nangobukhulu bayo. Kodwa izindawo ezisogwini zezindawo ezishisayo zasePacific nase-Indian Ocean, ogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika, eNew Zealand noma e-Australia eziseningizimu, kanye neJapan, iMicronesia neSaudi Arabia ezisenyakatho yindawo yazo ejwayelekile.
Kuyathakazelisa! E-Pacific Ocean, lolu hlobo lwezimfudu lungatholakala, kusukela eziQhingini zaseGalapagos kuya emanzini asogwini lwaseCalifornia.
I-Atlantic Ocean ayifakiwe endaweni yofudu lomnqumo futhi ihlala isihlobo sayo, i-Atlantic Ridley encane, ngaphandle kwamanzi asogwini lwaseVenezuela, eGuyana, eSuriname, eFrench Guiana nasenyakatho yeBrazil, kanye naseCaribbean Sea, lapho iRidley ingatholakala khona ngisho nasePuerto Rico. Uhlala futhi emanzini ajulile olwandle nolwandle, lapho angehla khona ebangeni elingu-160 m.
Ukudla ufudu lomnqumo
Ufudu lomnqumo ludla omnivorous, kepha luthanda ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Ukudla okujwayelekile komnqumo i-rydley kuqukethe abamele abancane bezilwane zasolwandle nezasolwandle, ezibamba emanzini angajulile (ama-molluscs, ama-fish gazinga, nokunye). Futhi akayideleli i-jellyfish nenkalankala. Kepha angadla kalula ulwelwe noma okunye ukudla kwezitshalo, noma azame izinhlobo ezintsha zokudla, kuze kufike kuleyo ndle ephonswa emanzini ngabantu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Lapho ufudu lufinyelela kusayizi womzimba ngamasentimitha angama-60, singakhuluma ngokufinyelela ebusheni. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sikaRidley siqala ngokuhlukile kubo bonke abamele lolu hlobo, kuya ngendawo yokukhwelana. Inqubo yokukhwelana uqobo lwayo lwenzeka emanzini, kepha izingane zofudu zizalelwa emhlabeni.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, abamele lolu hlobo lwezimfudu bafika ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika, eNdiya, e-Australia ukuze babeke amaqanda - bona ngokwabo bazalelwa lapha ngesikhathi esifanele futhi manje balwela ukunika impilo enzalweni yabo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyamangaza ukuthi izimfudu zomnqumo zibhukuda ziye endaweni efanayo ukuzalanisa, ziye endaweni efanayo phakathi nomjikelezo wazo wempilo, futhi zonke zihlangene ngosuku olulodwa.
Lesi sici sibizwa ngokuthi "arribida", leli gama lihunyushwe lisuselwa kweleSpanishi ngokuthi "uyeza". Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi ibhishi - indawo azalelwa kuyo - ufudu lukhomba ngokusobala, noma ngabe belungakaze lube lapha selokhu lwazalwa.
Kuyathakazelisa!Kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi baqondiswa amandla kazibuthe womhlaba; ngokusho kokunye ukuqagela
Insikazi ye-ridley yomnqumo ikha isihlabathi ngemilenze yayo yangemuva ekujuleni okungaba ngamasentimitha angama-35 bese izalela cishe amaqanda ayi-100 lapho, bese yenza le ndawo ingabonakali kulabo abadla ezinye, iphonsa isihlabathi futhi inyathele kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ecabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wokuzala usuphelile, uya olwandle, endleleni ebuyela ezindaweni zakhe ezihlala njalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inzalo ishiywa yodwa nentando yesiphetho.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso elinomthelela ekugcineni kwezimfudu ezincane izinga lokushisa elincane, izinga elizonquma ubulili besilwane esihuquzelayo esizayo: iningi lamazinyane wesilisa lizalwa esihlabathini esibandayo, esifudumele (ngaphezu kuka-30 C0) - owesifazane.
Ngokuzayo, ngemuva kwesikhathi sokufukamela esiyizinsuku ezingama-45-51, ngemuva kwesikhathi sokufukamela, ukuqanduselwa emaqandeni nokuholwa kuphela umuzwa wemvelo okukuwo, kuzofanele kufinyelele emanzini asindisayo olwandle - indawo yemvelo yalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo. Izimfudu zikwenza lokhu ngokufihla ebusuku, zesaba izilwane ezidlayo.
Bahlaba igobolondo ngezinyo elikhethekile leqanda, bese benqamula esihlabathini baye ngaphandle, baphuthuma emanzini. Izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye zibaqamekela zombili emhlabeni nasolwandle, ngakho-ke, izimfudu zomnqumo ziphila zize zibe mdala ngamanani amancane kakhulu, okuvimbela ukululama okusheshayo kwalolu hlobo.
Izitha zofudu lomnqumo
Ngenkathi isesimweni sayo sombungu, ufudu lusengozini yokuhlangana nezitha zalo emvelweni, njengamankankane, izingulube zasendle, izinja, amagwababa, amanqe, angonakalisa i-clutch. Ngobulula obufanayo, lezi zidlakela, kanye nezinyoka, ama-frig, zingakwazi ukuhlasela izingane esezivele zichanyuselwe i-Ridley. Olwandle lwezimfudu ezincane, ingozi ilele: oshaka nezinye izidumbu.
Inani labantu, ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo
U-Olive Ridley udinga ukuvikelwa, ubhalwe ku-World Red Book... Ingozi kubantu idalwa ngokuzingela ngokungemthetho, okungukuthi, ukubanjwa okungekho emthethweni kwabantu abadala kanye nokuqoqwa kokubekwa kwamaqanda. Ama-Ridleys ajwayele ukuba yizisulu zalo mkhuba omusha - izindawo zokudlela zifaka izitsha ezivela enyameni yalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo kwimenyu yazo, ezidingeka kakhulu phakathi kwabavakashi. Ukungena kaningi kwe-ridley emanetheni abadobi akunikeli ekwandeni kwenani labantu, ngemuva kwalokho bavele bafe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukugwema ukulimaza lolu hlobo, abadobi batshintshela kumanetha akhethekile aphephe izimfudu, okusize ekwehliseni kakhulu izinga lokufa kwe-ridley.
Ngokucabangela iqiniso lokuthi ukugcwaliswa kwalezi zinhlobo nabantu abasha kwenzeka kancane kakhulu ngenxa yobukhona bezinye izizathu ezingokwemvelo ezikhona emvelweni, kufanele kushiwo ngobungozi obukhulu babameleli bezimfudu zomnqumo. Phakathi kwezinsongo zemvelo, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ithonya elibalulekile lezilwane emphumela wokugcina kanye nenani lama-broods, kanye nesimo sezindawo zokwakha izidleke, ngokulawulwa yizinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nezici ze-anthropogenic.
Enye ingozi kungaba ngumuntu owenza ukuqoqwa okuhlosiwe kwamaqanda alezi zimfudu, okuvunyelwe kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokuzingela ngokungekho emthethweni amaqanda, inyama, izikhumba noma amagobolondo ezimfudu. Ukungcola kwezilwandle zomhlaba okwenziwe ngabantu nakho kungadala umonakalo omkhulu kubantu balezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo: imfucumfucu eyahlukahlukene ekhukhuleka emanzini ingasebenza njengokudla kwalolu fudu olunelukuluku futhi ikwenze kabi.
Kuyathakazelisa! ENdiya, ngenhloso yokuvimbela izilwane ezidla ezinye ukuthi zingadli amaqanda, zisebenzisa indlela yokufukamela amaqanda ezinhlwathi zeminqumo futhi zidedele amawundlu azelwe olwandle.
Usizo ekongeni nasekunyuseni inani labantu luhlinzekwa zombili ezingeni likahulumeni futhi ngokuzithandela. Ngakho-ke, iMexico, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 edlule ezingeni likahulumeni, yathatha izinyathelo zokuvikela izimfudu zomnqumo ekubhujisweni ngenxa yenyama nesikhumba, futhi izinhlangano zokuzithandela zinikeza usizo ezinganeni ezisencane, zizisize zifinyelele ezikhungweni zolwandle ezikade zilindelwe.
