AmaSaigas (lat. Saiga tatarica) angamalungu ezilwane ezincelisayo ze-steppe artiodactyl ezivela emndenini we-bovid, endala kakhulu kangangokuba imihlambi yawo yayidla nezimammoths. Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi kweSaiga tatarica tatarica (green saiga) neSaiga tatarica mongolica (i-saiga ebomvu).
Futhi phakathi kwabantu lezi zilwane zibizwa ngokuthi i-margach ne-antelope yasenyakatho. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lungaphansi kokuvikelwa okuqinile, njengoba lusengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Abanye abantu bamathafa babheka lezi zilwane ezincelisayo njengezingcwele. Indikimba yokuxhumana okusondelene kwalezi zilwane nabantu ivezwe endabeni yombhali u-Ahmedkhan Abu-Bakar "I-White Saiga".
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Lesi silwane nakanjani asihle. Into yokuqala eheha iso lakho ngokushesha uma ubheka isithombe se-saiga - isifonyo sabo esingaxhunyanisiwe esibuhlungu kanye ne-proboscis yeselula enamakhala aseduze. Lesi sakhiwo sekhala asivumeli nje kuphela ukufudumeza umoya obandayo ebusika, kepha futhi sigcina uthuli ehlobo.
Ngaphezu kwekhanda elincibilikisiwe, i-saiga inomzimba ongaxakeki, othukuthele kuze kube imitha elilodwa nohhafu ubude futhi mncane, imilenze ephakeme, okuthi, njengazo zonke izilwane ezinamazinyo ahlukene, kugcine ngezinzwane ezimbili nangezinselo.
Ukuphakama kwesilwane kufika ku-80 cm lapho kubuna, futhi isisindo asidluli ku-40 kg. Umbala wezilwane uyashintsha kuye ngesizini. Ebusika, ijazi liwugqinsi futhi lifudumele, likhanya, linombala obomvu, kanti ehlobo kubomvu ngokungcolile, kumnyama emuva.
Inhloko yamadoda ithweswe umqhele ngezimpondo eziguquguqukayo, ezimhlophe ngokuphuzi, ezimise okwamaculo kuze kufike ku-30 cm ubude. uphondo lwesaiga qala cishe masinyane ngemuva kokuzalwa kwethole. Yizimpondo lezi ezidale ukuqothulwa kwalolu hlobo.
Ngempela, kuma-90s wekhulu elidlule, izimpondo ze-saiga zathengwa kahle emakethe emnyama, intengo yazo yayiphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni babaqothula ngamashumi ezinkulungwane. Namuhla ama-saigas ahlala e-Uzbekistan naseTurkmenistan, ama-steppes aseKazakhstan naseMongolia. Ensimini zingatholakala eKalmykia nasendaweni yase-Astrakhan.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Lapho kuhlala khona i-saiga, kufanele ngabe yomile futhi ivulekile. Ilungele i-steppe noma i-semi-desert. Izimila ezindaweni zazo zivamile, ngakho-ke kufanele zihambe sonke isikhathi zifuna ukudla.
Kepha imihlambi ikhetha ukuhlala kude namasimu ahlwanyelwe, ngoba ngenxa yendawo engalingani ayikwazi ukugijima ngokushesha. Bangangena kwizitshalo zezolimo ngonyaka owomile kuphela, futhi, ngokungafani nezimvu, abazinyatheli izitshalo. Abayithandi indawo enamagquma futhi.
Saiga isilwanelokho kugcina emhlambini. Umbono omuhle ngokumangazayo ukufuduka komhlambi wezinkulungwane zamakhanda. Njengomfudlana, basakazeka phansi emhlabathini. Futhi lokhu kungenxa yohlobo lwe-antelope - amble.
Imashi iyakwazi ukugijima isikhathi eside ngejubane elifinyelela ku-70 km / h. Futhi lena iyantanta i-antelope saiga kuhle impela, kunezimo zezilwane eziwela imifula ebanzi impela, ngokwesibonelo, iVolga. Ngezikhathi ezithile, isilwane senza ukweqa mpo kwesokudla ngenkathi sigijima.
Kuye ngesizini, bangahamba baye eningizimu lapho kufika ubusika neqhwa lokuqala. Ukufuduka kuyaqabukela kuhamba ngaphandle komhlatshelo. Ngomzamo wokuphunyuka esiqhingini sezulu, umhlambi ungahamba ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha angama-200 ngaphandle kokuma ngosuku.
Ababuthaka nabagulayo bamane bakhathele futhi, lapho bebaleka, bayafa. Uma bema, bazolahlekelwa ngumhlambi wabo. Ehlobo, umhlambi ufudukela enyakatho, lapho utshani buba mnandi khona futhi kunamanzi okuphuza anele.
Izingane zalezi zinhlwathi zizalwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi ngaphambi kokubeletha, i-saiga ifika ezindaweni ezithile. Uma isimo sezulu singahambi kahle ezilwaneni, ziqala ukufuduka kwazo entwasahlobo, bese kubonakala izinsana emhlambini.
Omama bashiya izingane zabo zodwa ngqo emathafeni, beza kabili ngosuku ukuzobondla
Lapho uneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala futhi unesisindo esifinyelela ku-4 kg, bahlekisa ngonina ngokuhlekisa, bezama ukuqhubeka. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ziyasebenza emini bese zilala ebusuku. Izilwane zingaphunyuka esitheni sazo esiyinhloko, i-steppe wolf, kuphela ngokugijima ngokushesha.
Ukudla okunomsoco weSaiga
Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, imihlambi yama-saiga ingadla ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo, ezinye zazo ezinobuthi nakwamanye ama-herbivores. Amahlumela amnandi okusanhlamvu, i-wheatgrass nomhlonyane, i-quinoa ne-hodgepodge, kuphela izinhlobo eziyikhulu zezitshalo ezifakiwe ekudleni komargach ehlobo.
Ukudla izitshalo ezinamanzi, izinhlwathi zixazulula inkinga yazo ngamanzi futhi zingenza ngaphandle kwazo isikhathi eside. Futhi ebusika, izilwane zidla iqhwa esikhundleni samanzi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sama-saigas siwela ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba-ekuqaleni kukaDisemba. Lapho ijaha, owesilisa ngamunye ufuna ukudala "i-harem" kusuka kwabesifazane abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane kushesha kakhulu kunabesilisa. Kakade ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, bakulungele ukuletha inzalo.
Phakathi nenkathi yokugobhoza, kukhishwa uketshezi olunsundu olunephunga elibi, elingemnandi ezihlokweni eziseduze kwamehlo. Kungenxa yale "phunga" lapho abesilisa bezwana ngisho nasebusuku.
Imvamisa kuba nezimpi ezishubile phakathi kwamadoda amabili, zigijimisana, zishayisana ngamabunzi nezimpondo, kuze kube yilapho enye yezimbangi isala ihlulwa.
Ezimpini ezinjalo, izilwane zivame ukufaka amanxeba amabi, lapho zingafa khona kamuva. Owinile uthatha abesifazane abathandayo aye nabo ezindlini zabesifazane. Isikhathi se-rutting sihlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-10.
Umhlambi wezimpondo oqinile futhi onempilo uqukethe izinsikazi ezingafika kuma-50, futhi ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ngayinye yazo iyoba neyodwa (insikazi encane) kuya kumathole amathathu e-saiga. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokubeletha, abesifazane baya emaqeleni asenkangala, kude nomgodi wokunisela. Le ukuphela kwendlela yokuzivikela wena nezingane zakho ezilwaneni eziyingozi.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, ithole le-saiga cishe alinyakazi futhi liqambe amanga, licathama phansi. Uboya bayo buhlangana cishe nomhlabathi. Izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela ngosuku lapho umama eza enganeni yakhe ezomncelisa ubisi, kanti esinye isikhathi uvele adlise eduzane.
Ngenkathi izinyane lingakabi namandla, lisengozini kakhulu futhi liba isisulu esilula sezimpungushe nezimpungushe, kanye nezinja zasendle. Kodwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10, i-saiga encane iqala ukulandela unina ezithendeni, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto angaphezu kwamabili ingagijima ngokushesha njengabantu abadala.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ezimweni zemvelo, ama-saiga aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyisikhombisa, futhi ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni eyishumi nambili.
Akunandaba ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-artiodactyls ludala kangakanani, akufanele lushabalale. Kuze kube manje, zonke izindlela zithathiwe ukonga ama-saigas endaweni yeRussian Federation naseKazakhstan. Kwenziwe izinqolobane nezindawo zokulondolozela, inhloso enkulu yazo ukugcina lolu hlobo loqobo lwenzalo.
Futhi kuphela imisebenzi yabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho abasabela ekuthengeni izimpondo ze-saiga, ukunciphisa inani labantu minyaka yonke. IChina iyaqhubeka nokuthenga izimpondo saiga, intengo eligingqika phezu kwalo, futhi akunandaba ukuthi izimpondo ezindala, noma ezintsha, ezivela esilwaneni esisanda kubulawa.
Kuhlobene nemithi yesintu. Kukholakala ukuthi impuphu eyenziwe ngabo yelapha izifo eziningi zesibindi nesisu, isifo sohlangothi, futhi ikwazi nokukhipha umuntu ku-coma.
Uma nje kusadingeka, kuzoba khona labo abafuna ukuzuza ngalezi zilwane ezihlekisayo. Futhi lokhu kuzoholela ekunyamalaleni okuphelele kwezinhlwathi, ngoba udinga ukuthatha kufinyelela ku-3 gramu wempuphu ezimpondweni.
