I-Sparrowhawk emaceleni abomvu (i-Accipiter ovampensis) ingeka-oda le-Falconiformes.
Izici zezimpawu zangaphandle zondlunkulu ohlangothini olubomvu
I-Sparrowhawk esezinhlangothini ezibomvu inebukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-40. Iphiko lamaphiko lisuka kumasentimitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-75.
Lesi silwane esidliwayo esinezimpaphe ezincane sinomfanekiso nobukhulu bomzimba, njengawo wonke ama-hawk weqiniso. Uqhwaku lufushane. I-Wax nebomvana, ikhanda lincane, linomusa. Imilenze mincane kakhulu futhi mide. Imikhawulo ifinyelela ukuphakama okulingene komsila, okufushane ngokuqhathaniswa. Izimpawu zangaphandle zowesilisa nowesifazane ziyefana. Abesifazane bakhulu ngo-12% kanti ama-85% asinda kunabesilisa.
Ngombala wezimpaphe zondlunkulu abheke emaceleni abomvu, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene: amafomu akhanyayo namnyama.
- Abesilisa befomu elikhanyayo banezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Emsileni, amaribhoni anemibala emnyama nampunga ayashintshana. Isigaxa sihlotshiswe ngamabala amancane amhlophe, abonakala kakhulu ezimpapheni zasebusika. Bhangqa izimpaphe zomsila ezimaphakathi ezinemigqa namabala ahlukile. Umphimbo nezingxenye ezingezansi zomzimba zigcwele ngokuphelele okumpunga nokumhlophe, ngaphandle kwesisu esingezansi, esimhlophe ngokufana. Abesifazane befomu elikhanyayo banamabala amaningi ansundu kanti ngezansi kunemigqa ebukhali.
- Ondlunkulu abadala abanamacala abomvu abumbala omnyama bansundu ngokuphelele, ngaphandle komsila, onemibala efana nenyoni emise okokukhanya. Iris inombala obomvu onsundu noma obomvu ngokubomvu. I-wax nezidladla ziphuzi ngokusawolintshi. Izinyoni ezincane zinezimpaphe ezinsundu ngokukhanyiselwa. Amashiya abonakalayo ngaphezu kwamehlo. Umsila umbozwe imivimbo, kepha umbala wawo omhlophe ucishe ungabonakali. Ngezansi kunokhilimu ngokuthinta okumnyama ezinhlangothini. Iris yeso insundu. Imilenze iphuzi.
Izindawo zokuhlala zondlunkulu ohlangothini olubomvu
Ondlunkulu abaluhlangothini olubomvu bahlala ezihlathini ezomile kakhulu zezihlahla ezingama-shrub savanna, nasezindaweni ezinezihlahla ezinameva. ENingizimu Afrika, bahlala ngokuzithandela emasimini nasemasimini ahlukahlukene e-eucalyptus, poplars, pines kanye ne-sisal, kepha bahlala eduze ezindaweni ezivulekile. Izidlakudla ezinamaphiko zikhuphukela ebangeni elingaba amakhilomitha ayi-1.8 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Ukusakazwa kondlunkulu ohlangothini olubomvu
Ama-Sparrowhawks anezinhlangothi ezibomvu ahlala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika.
Kusatshalaliswe eningizimu yoGwadule iSahara. Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezidla inyama alwaziwa kangako, futhi luyindida impela, ikakhulukazi eSenegal, eGambia, eSierra Leone, eTogo. Futhi nase-Equatorial Guinea, eNigeria, eCentral African Republic naseKenya. Ama-Sparrowhawks anombala obomvu aziwa kangcono eningizimu yezwekazi. Zitholakala e-Angola, eningizimu yeZaire naseMozambique, kuze kufike eningizimu yeBotswana, eSwaziland, enyakatho naseNingizimu Afrika.
Izici zokuziphatha kondlunkulu ohlangothini olubomvu
Ondlunkulu abaluhlangothini olubomvu bahlala bodwa noma ngababili. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, owesilisa nowesifazane bayandiza noma benze izindiza eziyindilinga ngokukhala okukhulu. Abesilisa nabo bakhombisa izindiza ezingahambisi. Eningizimu ye-Afrika, izinyoni ezidla inyama zihlala ezihlahleni ezingafani nezinye izilwane ezidla izimpaphe.
Ama-hawks anezinhlangothi ezibomvu zombili ziyizinyoni ezihlala phansi futhi eziyimihambima, nazo zingandiza.
Abantu abavela eNingizimu Afrika ikakhulukazi bahlala endaweni ehlala njalo, kuyilapho izinyoni ezivela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zihlala zifuduka. Isizathu salokhu kuthutha asaziwa, kepha izinyoni zihamba kahle njalo ziya e-Ecuador. Ngokunokwenzeka, bahamba amabanga amade kangaka befuna inala yokudla.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kondlunkulu ohlangothini olubomvu
Isikhathi sokufukamela ondlunkulu abasesinqeni esibomvu siqala ngo-Agasti-Septhemba kuya kuDisemba eNingizimu Afrika. NgoMeyi nangoSepthemba, izinyoni ezizingelayo zizalela eKenya. Imininingwane mayelana nesikhathi sokuzalela kwezinye izifunda ayaziwa. Isidleke esincane esinjengesomkhombe sakhiwa ngamagatsha amancane. Linganisa ngamasentimitha angama-35 kuye kwangama-50 ububanzi namasentimitha ayi-15 noma angama-20 ukujula. Ingaphakathi ligcwele amagatsha amancane noma izingcezu zamagxolo, amaqabunga omile futhi aluhlaza. Isidleke sitholakala kumamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20 ngaphezulu komhlaba, imvamisa imfoloko esiqwini esikhulu ngaphansi kombhede. I-Sparrowhawks esezinhlangothini ezibomvu njalo ikhetha isihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonke, ikakhulukazi i-poplar, i-eucalyptus noma iphayini eNingizimu Afrika. E-clutch, njengomthetho, kukhona amaqanda ama-3, afukamela insikazi izinsuku ezingama-33 kuya kwezingu-36. Amachwane ahlala esidlekeni ezinye izinsuku ezingama-33 ngaphambi kokuhamba ekugcineni.
Ukudla undlunkulu onamacala abomvu
Ama-Sparrowhawks anezinhlangothi ezibomvu adla kakhulu izinyoni ezincane, kepha futhi kwesinye isikhathi abamba izinambuzane ezindizayo. Abesilisa bakhetha ukuhlasela izinyoni ezincane ze-Passerine oda, kanti abesifazane, abanamandla amakhulu, bayakwazi ukubamba izinyoni ezilingana namajuba. Esikhathini esiningi izisulu ziyizidumbu. Abesilisa bakhetha inyamazane enesisindo somzimba esingu-10 kuye ku-60 gram, abesifazane bangabamba inyamazane efinyelela kuma-gramu angama-250, lesi sisindo kwesinye isikhathi sidlula isisindo sabo somzimba.
I-Sparrowhawks emaceleni abomvu ivamise ukuhlasela isuka endaweni yokuqamekela, efihlwe kahle noma ebekwe endaweni evulekile nebonakalayo. Kulokhu, izinyoni ezidla inyama ziphuma ngokushesha emaqabungeni bese zibamba inyamazane yazo lapho zindiza. Kodwa-ke, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezidla inyama zilandele inyamazane yazo lapho zindiza phezu kwamahlathi noma phezu kwezimfunda ezakha indawo yazo yokuzingela. Ama-Sparrowhawks anombala obomvu azingela zombili izinyoni ezizodwa kanye nemihlambi yezinyoni ezincane. Zivame ukukhuphukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zehla zisuka ebangeni eliphakeme lamamitha ayi-150 ukuze zibambe inyamazane.
Isimo sokongiwa kondlunkulu ohlangothini olubomvu
I-Sparrowhawks esezinhlangothini ezibomvu ngokuvamile ithathwa njengezinyoni ezingavamile ebangeni lazo eliningi, ngaphandle kwaseNingizimu Afrika, lapho ziguqulwa khona kahle ukuze zakhe isidleke eduze kwamasimu nasemhlabathini olimekayo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, zisakazeka kaningi kunezinye izinhlobo ezingezoklebe beqiniso. Kulezi zindawo, ukuminyana kwezidleke kuphansi futhi kulinganiselwa ngazimbili ezi-1 noma ezi-2 ngamakhilomitha-skwele angama-350. Noma kunaleyo mininingwane, inani londlunkulu abheke emaceleni abomvu kulinganiselwa kumashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu ngabanye, futhi yonke indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo inkulu ngendlela emangalisayo futhi inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-3.5. Isibikezelo sokuba khona kwezinhlobo zesikhathi esizayo sibukeka sinethemba, ngoba ondlunkulu abasesemaceleni abomvu babukeka bezolile, njengokungathi bayaqhubeka nokuzivumelanisa nendawo yokuhlala ngaphansi kwethonya labantu. Lo mkhuba kungenzeka uqhubeke futhi lolu hlobo lwenyoni edla inyama luzokoloniza amasayithi amasha kungekudala. Ngakho-ke, ondlunkulu abanamacala abomvu abadingi ukuvikelwa okukhethekile nesimo, futhi izindlela ezikhethekile zokuvikela azisetshenziswanga kubo. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa njengezisongelwa ngobuningi.
