IJaguarundi ingenye yezilwane ezingavamile kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Umzimba onomusa futhi onamandla we-weasel onesifonyo esiyindilinga nezindlebe eziyindilinga ze-otter, isiqu esincane nesisindo, umsila omude kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nomzimba kanye nendlela yokuphila eyimfihlo yaleli kati elidlayo ibilokhu ivuse intshisekelo phakathi kwabaphenyi.
Izilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye ezifana ne-puma ne-jaguar zabonwa osebeni lwemifula, ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinamanzi, emathafeni, e-savanna, phezulu ezintabeni. AmaJaguarundis ayakwazi ukubhukuda, awathandi ukugibela ezihlahleni, futhi futhi anama-chromosomes angama-38, okufana namakati aseYurophu; amakati amancane - “abantu bakithi” basejaguarundi anezingu-36 kuphela.
Incazelo ye-jaguarundi
Ikati elibukeka njengezilwane eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, futhi nangamaqoqo ama-chromosomes ayingqayizivele, kumangaze abacwaningi ngemibala ehlukahlukene... Zingaba bomvu ngokukhanyayo, mpunga, nsundu. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, kwakuwumbala owasebenza njengesici esikhulu sokuhlukanisa izilwane zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-jaguarundi ne-eyra.
Bese kuthi ukutholakala okumangazayo kwenziwe - amakati azo zombili izinhlobo adale imindeni, amantshontsho womabili acebile abomvu nampunga angaba kudoti. Ngakho-ke manje umphakathi wesayensi uthambekele ekuthini i-jaguarundi yohlobo lwe-cougar hhayi ukuluhlukanisa lube yizinhlobo.
Ukubukeka
Umzimba wekati laseNingizimu Melika ufinyelela ku-75-80 cm ubude, uqinile, unwetshiwe, unemisipha ekhule kahle. Umsila mude, ufika ku-60 cm, futhi uzacile, izidladla zinamandla, zifushane, ikhanda lincane, linomlomo oyindilinga nezindlebe ezincane. Isisindo sobuhle asikho ngaphezu kwe-10 kg.
Ijazi liminyene, libushelelezi, futhi lihlala kahle emzimbeni. Ama-kittens kwesinye isikhathi anama-specks, okunikeza ukufana kwesinye sezihlobo eziseduze kakhulu - i-cheetah, kepha ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ichashazi liyanyamalala. Umbala we-monochromatic usiza ukufihla ngokuphelele, futhi ukwakheka komzimba kusiza ukuhamba ngotshani, izihlahla ezinameva namahlathi aminyene.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isici se-jaguarundi ukungabi khona kombala omhlophe, akukho ngisho ichashaza ezindlebeni, elihlukile emndenini we-feline.
Ngokokuqala ngqá, ama-mini-cougars achazwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kusukela lapho cishe izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili zahlukaniswa zaba ama-subspecies, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala, umbala, usayizi.
Indlela Yokuphila
Isidalwa esihlakaniphile, esishesha futhi esisebenza kahle sihlasela kuphela lezo zilwane ezikwazi ukubhekana nazo. Usayizi omncane uphoqa ikati ukuthi liqaphele kakhulu, lifihle ngobuchule futhi lijahe inyamazane amahora. UJaguarundi uphila ngendlela eyimfihlo, bona, njengamakati amaningi, abashadile, kepha banakekela kakhulu inzalo, bayinakekela kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1.5 - 2. Amakati asendle aqapha ngokucophelela insimu yawo, axoshe izimbangi ngonya kuyo... Ikati "lihamba" eceleni kwe-savannah nogwadule, lihlola imingcele yesiza salo, ubukhulu balo bufinyelela kumamitha-skwele ayi-100. km. Amakati adinga ama-20 sq. km, bavame ukuhlala emngceleni nabesilisa, abasekela kakhulu indawo enjalo.
Izilwane zizingela ubusuku nemini, zivame ukucekela phansi izindawo zasemapulazini, ezihlukaniswa ngokungesabi nangobuqili, zibuke amahora futhi zikhethe umzuzu wokuhlasela igceke lezinkukhu.
Amakati enza indawo yawo yokuhlala emahlathini aminyene angaweleki, izinqwaba zezinkuni ezifile noma iziqu zemithi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Esinye isici somoya ne-jaguarundi siyamangaza: bayakwazi ukulingisa amazwi ezinyoni, amakhwela, ukuhewula, i-meow ne-purr.
Inentshisekelo ezinhlotsheni ezimangalisayo zomndeni we-feline, abacwaningi bathola okuningi. Ubudlelwano nabameleli baseYurophu, amandla okusinda eduze kwabantu, omnivorousness, ukuzingela emini, lapho ilanga liphuma ngamandla alo, ezinye izici eziningi ziphoqa ososayensi ukuthi babuyele esifundweni sejaguarundi kaninginingi.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ekuthunjweni, ezinkulisa nasezoo, ama-aires abomvu avuthayo kanye ne-jaguarundi emnyama mpunga baphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15, begcina umsebenzi wabo kanye nokukwazi ukuzingela. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, bekungenakwenzeka ukumisa ngokunembile isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila, ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi, njengezilwane ezifuywayo, amakati asendle angaphila iminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu uma engafi ngezinzipho nangamazinyo abancintisana nabo, izingibe nezinhlamvu zabazingeli.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala
Abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo ze-cougars zitholakala cishe yonke indawo eNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi. IPanama ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kweJaguarundi, kepha bazizwa njengabanikazi eParaguay, Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, bangahlala futhi bazingele ngokuphepha e-Amazon, batholakala eTexas naseMexico.
Nomaphi lapho kuhlala khona lezi zilwane ezincelisayo, ukusondela kwemizimba yamanzi kanye namahlathi aminyene kuba yisimo esibalulekile. Indawo yokuhlala enhle kakhulu uhlaza oluminyene, olukuvumela ukuba ufihle lapho ufuna inyamazane.
Ukudla, kudliwa yijaguarundi
Amakati asendle azingela ubusuku nemini acishe abe omnivorous. Ukubanjwa ngozipho obukhali kungaba noma yisiphi isilwane, isilwane esihuquzelayo, inhlanzi, isinambuzane, esifanele usayizi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, ama-jaguarundis athathwa njengezilokazane ezinobungozi ezonakalisa izindlu zezinkukhu, azithandwa kakhulu ngabanikazi bamapulazi lapho izilwane ezinoboya obuyigugu zikhiqizwa khona, ama-chinchillas, izingulube ze-Guinea nezinyoni zamanzi zisengozini.
Amakati awazideleli izithelo nemifino enoshukela, azitika ngokuzithandela ngamagilebhisi... Izakhamizi zasemakhaya ziphoqeleka ukuthi ziphendukele kuziphathimandla ukuze zithole usizo lapho i-jaguarundi, kanye nezinkawu, ihlela "ukuhlasela" emasimini kabhanana, icekela phansi isivuno esihlanzekile, futhi abakwazi ukwethusa izilwane bebodwa, bazi kahle ukuthi bangacasha kanjani lapho bebona ingozi, bese bebuyela lapho kunokudla okuningi khona ...
Ukuba seduze kwamachibi okudinga izidudu okuncane zokudoba kwangempela. Kodwa abagcini ngokubamba izinhlanzi kuphela. AmaJaguarundis angabhukudi abahle kakhulu, ngakho aba yisiphepho samadada nezinye izinyoni zamanzi. Izibankwa, amaxoxo, izinyoka, ama-iguana nakho kudla amakati.
Okubalulekile! I-jaguarundi kuphela phakathi kwezinsikazi ezivame ukuba yiqhwa ngokulindela inyamazane emilenzeni yabo yangemuva. Sincike emsileni onamandla, isilwane singahlala isikhathi esingangehora, sizelule emgqeni bese silunguza phakathi kwamahlathi.
Eqa lesi sikhundla, ikati liyakwazi ukunqoba ngokushesha okungafika kumamitha amabili futhi lishaye kanzima ngezinzipho zalo.
Ekuthunjweni, lezi zidliwayo zondliwa inyama entsha, kaningana ngesonto zinikezwa ukudla kwezitshalo, zigaya amajikijolo nezithelo. Kepha nobuhle obudlulele obazalelwa ekuthunjweni abukhohlwa ngemvelo yabo yemvelo, babamba kalula amagundane namagundane angena ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, bayakwazi, nangakho konke ukungathandi kwabo ukukhuphuka kwezihlahla, bakhuphukele ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ukuze bazingele izinyoni ezincane eziye zangena ehhokweni.
Ikhulu kakhulu kunamakati asekhaya, i-jaguarundi iyingozi enkulu ezilwaneni ezingemuva, ilahlekelwa ukuqaphela lapho ibhekene nosongo lwangaphandle, iyakwazi ukuhlasela isilwane esikhulu kakhulu kunaso, futhi ukushaywa yiminyango enamandla kudabula isikhumba esihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa ikati ngeke lihlasele ngokungadingekile, uma kungekho songo ekhaya nasenzalweni, ikati lizokhetha ukufihla emehlweni abukhali.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Abesilisa bahlala bevikela indawo yabo, bevumela kuphela abesifazane abahlala emngceleni wayo ukuthi bavele kuyo... Ngamazipho acijile, amakati ashiya ukuklwebheka okujulile phansi, iziqu zezihlahla, "ukumaka" amamaki ngomchamo, futhi imvamisa uboya obushiywe ngemuva "kokuklwebha" ikati ezihlahleni zemithi nasezihlahleni baba uphawu kubantu abangabazi.
Iphunga elithile kanye nemikhondo iba yisiginali sabancintisana nabo, futhi ngenkathi yesikhathi sokukhwelana - kumakati alungele ukukhulelwa. Kabili ngonyaka, abesilisa baqala izimpi ezinamandla zokunaka abesifazane. Isikhathi sokukhwela asinqunyelwe yisikhathi, i-jaguarundi ingaveza inzalo kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezintathu, njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Izingane, kudoti wazo kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4, zizalwa zingenakuzisiza ngokuphelele, ziyimpumputhe. Phakathi namasonto amathathu okuqala, okuwukuphela kokudla kwabo ubisi lukamama, futhi lapho amazinyane evula amehlo, ikati liqala "ukubondla" ngomdlalo obanjiwe.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili, amantshontsho aqala ukufunda ukuzingela, lapho eneminyaka engu-1 ubudala angazitholela ukudla, kepha aneminyaka emi-2 kuphela aqala impilo ezimele. UJaguarundi uvuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka engu-2,5 ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo
Amakati amancane asendle kufanele abe nezitha ezimbalwa emvelweni. Kepha amajauundi asindiswa ngamandla abo okuzingela emini, lapho ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zithanda ukulala.
Ama-coyotes, ama-cougars, ama-ocelots, nezinye izidalwa ezinkulu kune-jaguarundi zingaba ngabancintisani ekuzingeleni kuphela, kodwa futhi babe yizitha ezibabayo. Amakati amancane kufanele alwe nawo hhayi okwempilo kepha okufa. Futhi obuthakathaka uvame ukulahlekelwa. Ngakho-ke, ama-mini-cougars azama ukugwema izimpi, uma kunethuba elinjalo, ukushiya izindlela zezilwane ezinkulu, ukucasha emahlathini, lapho kunzima kakhulu ukuzilandela.
UJaguarundi nendoda
Ukubukeka okukhethekile namandla e-jaguarundi, isibindi nokuhlakanipha kwabo kudonse umuntu ezikhathini zasendulo. Lawa makati angavela eduze kwezindlu, ahlasele izilwane ezifuywayo ezincane, ngaphandle kokwesaba iphunga lezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu - abantu. Futhi ngokungafani nezinye izidalwa eziningi zasendle, ama-jaguarundi kulula kakhulu ukuwathambisa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi lezi zilwane kwaba ezokuqala ukuthanjiswa ukuvikela ukuhlinzekwa kokudla kumagundane nakumagundane. UJaguarundi wabulala ngokungenamusa wonke amagundane, kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyingozi, izinambuzane, uma zihlala eduze kwabantu.
Ngisho nangaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu, ezizweni eziningi zamaNdiya, lawa makati ayephila njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ahlukaniswa nesimo esinokhahlo kubantu abangabazi, avikele awabo futhi avikele indawo yabo.
Ezindaweni ezihlala amakati asendle, manje sekuvame ukulwa nazo, ngoba izilwane ezidla ezinye zonakalisa amagceke ezinkomo nezindlu zezinkukhu, zichitha izitshalo. Uboya beJaguarundi abuthathwa njengobubalulekile, ngakho ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalolu hlobo akusongelwa, inani labantu eNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi likhulu kakhulu.
Kepha eYurophu, lapho amakati alethwa ngabathandi, ayavikelwa.... Naphezu kobuncane bayo, umhlaseli uhlala eyisidlakela, ngakho-ke i-jaguarundi ayifanele ukugcina indlu, ngaphandle uma iyifa lezwe.
