Ukuphefumula enjeni, okwenzeka ngokuzikhandla okuncane noma ekuphumuleni, kukhombisa izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Uma ukuphefumula kwakho kuyashesha ngemuva kokugijima isikhathi eside noma ukuzivocavoca ngezisindo, akufanele ukhathazeke.
Izimpawu zokuphefumula
Njengomthetho, ukuphefumula kuyaphambuka kumapharamitha amathathu ngasikhathi sinye (imvamisa, ukujula kanye nesigqi) - yile ndlela umzimba osayina ngayo ngokushoda komoya-mpilo.
Izimpawu zokucindezeleka kokuphefumula:
- imizamo ebonakalayo ngokuhogela noma ukukhipha umoya;
- ukuvela kwemisindo eyengeziwe (ukushaya, ukushaya ikhwela);
- ukuphefumula ngomlomo ovulekile;
- injabulo elandelwa ukucindezelwa;
- ukuma okungajwayelekile (isilwane esikhathazekile solula intamo futhi sisakaze imilenze yaso yangaphambili, kodwa asikwazi ukulala phansi);
- blanching noma cyanosis yezinsini nezindebe.
Okubalulekile! Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ukuphefumula kwangaphandle kuhlobene kakhulu nomsebenzi wesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi: yingakho ukwehluleka ukuphefumula kuholela njalo ekwandeni komsebenzi wemisipha yenhliziyo.
Izimbangela zokuphefumula enjeni
Zihlelwe zaba izigaba ezinkulu ezi-3, ngaphakathi kwazo lapho sekukhona ukuhlukaniswa okunemininingwane eminingi:
- ukuphefumula;
- i-cardiogenic;
- izifo zesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.
Ukuphefumula
Lokhu ukulimala, izifo (kubandakanya ezithathelwanayo), kanye nokungasebenzi kwezitho zangaphakathi.
Lolu hlobo lokuphefumula okufushane lukhuthazwa ngu:
- ukulimala kwemishini, njengokuqhekeka kwesifuba;
- inyumoniya;
- ubuningi;
- ama-neoplasms (amabi / amabi);
- uketshezi oluqoqwe ku-sternum.
I-Dyspnea yemvelo yokuphefumula ayikhombisi njalo ukuthi inqubo ye-pathological isebenza emzimbeni. Kwesinye isikhathi into engaphandle ebhajwe ezindleleni zomoya iba yisigebengu sayo.
Izinkinga zokuphefumula nazo zenzeka nge-anemia, lapho zonke izicubu zomzimba wenja zingatholi i-oxygen eyanele. Amazinga e-hemoglobin aphansi enza kube nzima ngenja yakho ukuphefumula ngisho nalapho iphumule.
I-Cardiogenic
Leli qembu lifaka zonke izimbangela ezihambisana nenhliziyo ebuthakathaka noma ukusakazeka okungalungile. Lolu hlobo lokuphefumula luba khona lapho uhamba (isilwane kaningi sihlala phansi / silale phansi, asinomoya owanele) futhi lapho sigijima (ezimweni eziningi, ukugijima akunakwenzeka).
Ukuphefumula kwezakhiwo ze-cardiogenic kubangelwa izifo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:
- ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo (acute noma engapheli);
- Isifo senhliziyo;
- isifo senhliziyo.
Okubalulekile! Imvamisa, i-edema ye-pulmonary iba yisikhuthazi se-cardiogenic dyspnea, ekubukeni lapho ubuthakathaka besicubu senhliziyo kufanele busolwe khona (kumbuthano ononya).
Izifo ze-CNS
Izinhlobo ezithile (ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-brachycephals) zihlushwa ukuphefumula okuncane ngenxa yesakhiwo se-anatomical of the muzzle... I-Brachycephalic syndrome ibikwe ezinjeni ezinamakhala acijile njengama-pugs, iPekingese, nama-bulldogs. Ukuma kwezicubu zolwanga oluthambile kuba yisithiyo ekuphefumuleni kwabo okufanele.
Isici esingeziwe sobungozi ngesimo sokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, ingcindezi, ukushisa noma ukuvuvukala singabekwa ekukhubazekeni kwemvelo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, okuholele ekuwohlokeni kwempilo ngisho nasekufeni kwenja.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphefumula kanzima ngenxa yephutha lesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi kuvame ukuvela njengenkinga ngemuva:
- hematomas;
- ukushaqeka ngogesi;
- ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda;
- izicubu zobuchopho.
Isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nayo kufanele isolwe nge-postpartum dyspnea, evumelekile futhi ehamba yodwa. Uma ukuphefumula okuncane kuhambisana nokuphuma kwegazi, umkhuhlane, ukulahleka kokuxhumanisa nokuhlanza, kudingeka usizo oluphuthumayo.
Umthwalo wokwehluleka ukuphefumula nawo ubangelwa yisistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi uma isilwane sine:
- ukucindezeleka okukhulu;
- ukukhuluphala;
- ukushaqeka okubuhlungu;
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphezulu.
Esimweni esicindezelayo (ukulwa, ukusongela impilo yomnikazi, noma iyiphi ingozi), i-adrenaline (ukwesaba), i-cortisol (ukukhathazeka), i-norepinephrine (ukufutheka) namanye ama-hormone akhishwa egazini, okwenza inhliziyo ishaye ngokushesha. Kunengqondo ukuthi ukusheshisa ukugeleza kwegazi kudinga ukunikezwa kwe-oksijeni, yingakho izinja ziqala ukuphefumula ngokushesha nemilomo yazo ivulekile.
Usizo lokuqala lokuphefumula okuncane
Uma umoya uphefumula ngenxa yemizwa enamandla (ukucindezeleka), isilwane kufanele siyiswe endaweni epholile, ethulile bese uzama ukuyithulisa. Lapho ijazi seliswakanyisiwe, lisulwa ngendwangu ethambile, lingakhohlwa ukushaya isifuba.
Okubalulekile! Inja ecindezeleke kakhulu akumele ibekwe phansi futhi iphoqwe ukuba idle / iphuze ingafuni. Ukuphuza amanzi abandayo kungadala inyumoniya, i-edema noma ukuwa kwamaphaphu (ngenxa yokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwamanzi nezitho zangaphakathi "ezishisayo").
Uma inja ingenakubekwa phansi, ungaphoqi: mhlawumbe amaphaphu akhe agcwele umoya-mpilo, futhi isikhundla sokulala sisongela ukuqhuma kwezicubu zamaphaphu. Uma ukuphefumula kubangelwa ezinye izizathu, ukuhamba komoya opholile nokuphumula nakho kuzosiza (ukuvula iwindi, umshini wokuphefumula, uhlelo lokuhlukanisa).
Abafuyi bezinja abanolwazi, ikakhulukazi labo abanezilwane ezifuywayo abanenkinga yokuphefumula, banemithi ephuthumayo kwikhabethe labo lemithi. Isibonelo se-algorithm:
- Nikeza noma imuphi umuthi wokuqeda amandla njenge-Suprastin ngesilinganiso sesigamu sethebhulethi ngesisindo senja esingu-5-8 kg. Iyachotshozwa ihlikihlwe ngaphansi kolimi.
- Gubha umhlane, isifuba nezindlebe ngamandla.
- Faka i-immunostimulant (gamavit noma enye), enquma umthamo ngokwemiyalo. Isixazululo sijojowe ezinyaweni ezine (intramuscularly).
- Uma i-potassium chloride ikhona, nikeza i-3-15 ml IV (ngokuya ngosayizi wenja). Lo mjovo wenziwa ngokunensa nangokucophelela.
- Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu (uma ungakwazi) yenza ukubhucungwa kwenhliziyo okuvaliwe.
Uma kunokuwohloka okubonakalayo, kuzodingeka udokotela... Mfonele ekhaya noma uhambise inja emtholampilo. Ukubuyisela ukuphefumula, udokotela ususa izidumbu zakwamanye amazwe, afake imaskhi ye-oxygen, futhi ezigulini ezinzima kakhulu, ugwetshwa umoya omncane wokufakelwa noma uyahlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela
Njengoba ukuphefumula okuncane kungumphumela wesifo esithile, kufanele kulashwe, okokuqala ngokwenza ukuxilongwa okuqondile.
Ngokuphefumula okuncane, inja idinga ukukhululeka okuyizimpawu, ukunikezwa komoya-mpilo nokwelashwa okuqhubekayo ngokuya ngesifo.
Nge-dyspnea ye-cardiogenic, ama-x-ray, ama-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa kwe-hormonal, ukuhlolwa kwegazi / umchamo (okwandisiwe), nokuhlolwa kobukhona bezinambuzane kuyakhonjiswa. Baphinde balandele imiyalo kadokotela wezinhliziyo wezilwane, basebenzise ama-analgesics ezinhlungu ezinzima, isisu kanye nemithi elwa nokuvuvukala ye-edema yamaphaphu. Uma uketshezi luye lwangena emgodini wesifuba, lufiswa.
Ngezinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ukwelashwa cishe kufana nokuphazamiseka kwe-cardiogenic, futhi i-MRI ibhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokuxilonga. Uma ukuphefumula okuncane ngemuva kokubeletha kungaphezu kosuku, biza udokotela, uma kungenjalo owesifazane obelethayo angafa.
Okubalulekile! Unganqikazi uma ukuphefumula kubangelwa i-pneumonia noma i-asthma, lapho ukufuthelana kukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, kwesinye isikhathi emizuzwini embalwa. Ukuvuvukala kususwa ngama-antihistamine noma ama-steroids (kaningi)
Ukushoda kwegazi kungalapheka ngokulungisa ukudla kwenja, kanye nezengezo ezikhethekile zamavithamini okuhloswe ngazo ukwandisa i-hemoglobin.
