Amajuba angenye yezinhlobo zezinyoni ezidume kakhulu ezitholakala cishe noma kuphi emhlabeni. Indawo abahlala kuyo ibanzi kakhulu. Cishe wonke umuntu ohamba epaki noma emgwaqweni uzibonile lezi zinyoni ezinhle. Futhi bambalwa abantu abacabanga ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni ezikhona emhlabeni, kodwa ezingaphezu kuka-300 ziyaziwa njengamanje.
Izinhlobo zamajuba
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zamajuba, zihlukaniswe zaba yinyama yasendle, yokuhlobisa, yeposi futhi, ngokumangazayo, yinyama... Lo mndeni uhlanganisa amajuba namajuba, okusakazeke kakhulu eYurophu naphesheya kwezilwandle. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zezinhlobo zamajuba ziyabonakala eNingizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Australia.
Iningi labo lihlala ezindaweni ezinezihlahla, ngokuvamile emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ezinye izinhlobo, njengejuba ledwala, sezijwayele kahle impilo ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni futhi zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke amadolobha emhlabeni.
UKlintukh ubhekisa kumajuba asendle. Izimpaphe zalolu hlobo zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, intamo enombala oluhlaza okotshani, i-goiter ibomvu, izimpiko ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mpunga, futhi kunemivimbo emnyama emsileni. Indawo ehlala la majuba isenyakatho yeKazakhstan, eningizimu yeSiberia, Turkey, Africa kanye neChina. Izinyoni zingaba ukufuduka uma zihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo. Ezindaweni ezifudumele bahola impilo yokuhlala phansi.
Ijuba elithweswe umqhele nalo ngelamajuba asendle, lolu hlobo luhlala kuphela emazweni ashisayo, ngokwesibonelo eNew Guinea. Izindawo zalo ezijwayeleke kakhulu ngamahlathi aswakeme, amahlathi omango kanye namahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Le nyoni yathola igama layo ngenxa yesikhumba esithile, esingavuka futhi sehle ngokuya ngemizwelo nemizwa yalolu hlobo lwamajuba.
Kuyathakazelisa! Omunye wabamele abakhulu bohlobo lwamajuba ijuba lezinkuni. Umsila ufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15 ubude. Intamo yejuba - ngombala ogqamile ohlaza okotshani. IVyakhir ivamile eYurophu nase-Asia. Ikhetha ukwakha isidleke emahlathini noma emapaki. Ibekezelela kalula noma yiziphi izimo zezulu.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zenyama yamajuba, ezifuywa ngokukhethekile ngenhloso yokudla, kufanelekile ukuphawula izinhlobo ezinjengeKing ne-English Modena. Amajuba anjalo akhuliswa emapulazini akhethekile.
Kukhona namajuba athwala izindiza. Kepha njengamanje, amandla abo okubuyela endaweni yabo yokuhlala unomphela akathakazelisi kunoma ngubani, ukhilimu wabathandi bobuhle nabathandi bokuzala, ngoba izindlela zesimanje zokuxhumana bezikhona kudala.
Ukubukeka, incazelo
Omele umndeni omkhulu kunabo bonke kufanele abhekwe njengejuba elithweswe umqhele elivela ePapua New Guinea, isisindo salo siyahluka kusuka ku-1.7 kuye ku-3 kg. Ijuba elincane kunalo lonke ijuba elimthende ledayimane elivela e-Australia, elinesisindo esingama-gram angama-30 kuphela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amajuba awazona izinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu. Ubude babo, ngokuya ngohlobo, bungahluka kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-75 cm, nesisindo sabo kusuka ku-30 g kuye ku-3 kg.
Umthethosisekelo walezi zinyoni uminyene, unentamo emfushane nekhanda elincane. Izimpiko zibanzi, zinde, zivame ukugoqwa emaphethelweni, zinezimpaphe eziyishumi nambili ezindizayo nezingu-10-15 zesibili. Umsila wamajuba mude, ekugcineni ungakhonjwa noma ubanzi, uyindilinga; imvamisa iba nezimpaphe eziyi-12-14 kuze kufike ku-18 kumajuba athweswe umqhele ne-pheasant.
Umlomo uvame ukuba mfushane, uvame ukuba mude ngobude obuphakathi nendawo, uqonde, ube mncane, uvame ukwandiswa isici esisekelweni. Ezansi komlomo kunezindawo zesikhumba esingenalutho, esithambile esibizwa nge-wax. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesikhumba esingenalutho esizungeze amehlo.
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, i-dimorphism yezocansi (umehluko ocacile phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane) ayivezwa ngezimpaphe, yize abesilisa bebukeka bekhudlwana. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile kunezinhlobo ezithile zasezindaweni ezishisayo, emadodeni awo izimpaphe ezinemibala egqame ngokwengeziwe.
Izimpaphe ziwugqinsi, ziminyene, zivame ukuba namathoni ampunga, ansundu noma ayisikhilimu, yize ezindaweni ezishisayo kukhona nemibala ekhanyayo, njengamajuba e-motley. Imilenze ivame ukuba mifushane: izinzwane ezintathu izinzwane ezintathu ngaphambili nangemuva ngemuva, ngenkathi zilungele ukuhamba phansi.
Yize okwamalungu amajuba kunqunywa kalula yizimpawu zokuziphatha, ezinye izinyoni zinezinto ezifanayo zangaphandle neminye imindeni: ama-pheasants, amapharage, opholi noma ama-turkeys.
Kuyathakazelisa! ijuba le-pheasant libukeka njenge-pheasant futhi alithathwa njengejuba ngabantu abaningi.
Njengezinye izinyoni, amajuba entula inyongo. Ezinye izazi zemvelo zasendulo zenza isiphetho esiyiphutha kulokhu sokuthi amajuba awanayo inyongo. Lesi siphetho singena ngokuphelele emfundisweni yoketshezi lomzimba olungu-4 - ukungabikho kwenyongo "ebabayo" kwanika lezi zinyoni "ubunkulunkulu" obuthile. Eqinisweni, amajuba anayo i-bile, ekhishwa ngqo emgodini wokugaya ukudla.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala
Amajuba amelwe kabanzi kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwaseNingizimu Pole... Bahlala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zama-biotopes asemhlabeni kusuka emahlathini aminyene kuya ezingwadule, bayakwazi ukuhlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-5000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kanye nasezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zezinhlobo zitholakala eNingizimu Melika nase-Australia, lapho zihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngaphezu kwe-60% yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zodwa, azitholakali emazwenikazi.
Ezinye izinhlobo, njengejuba ledwala, zivamile ezifundeni eziningi zomhlaba futhi ziyinyoni ejwayelekile yasemadolobheni. Endaweni yaseRussia, izinhlobo ezi-9 zamajuba zihlala endle, kufaka phakathi ijuba, idwala, i-clintuch, ijuba lezinkuni, ijuba eliluhlaza laseJapan, ihobhe elivamile, ihobhe elikhulu, i-ringed kanye nejuba elincane, kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili zokufuduka: i-turtledove emfushane kanye nejuba elinsundu.
Indlela yokuphila yamajuba
Izinhlobo zasendle zamajuba zihlala ngempumelelo osebeni lwemifula, emadwaleni asogwini, emihosheni. Ukuba khona komhlaba wezolimo noma ukuhlala kwabantu bekuhlale kuheha izinyoni njengokuphakelwa kokudla, ngakho-ke ubudlelwane nabantu bakhelwe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziningi.
Izinyoni zazifuywa kalula futhi, ngemuva kokubona amakhono azo, abantu bakwazi ukuzithambisa futhi bazisebenzisele izinhloso zabo. Izinhlobo zeposi nezindizayo zamajuba zihlala eduze kwabantu, ezindaweni ezenziwe ngokukhethekile zalokhu. Njengamanje, inani elikhulu lamajuba okuhlobisa akhuliswa ngabathandi nabathwebuli balezi zinyoni ezinhle, kunamaqembu amaningi nezinhlangano emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukudla, ukudla kwamajuba
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukudla okuyinhloko kwamajuba ukudla kwezitshalo: amaqabunga, imbewu nezithelo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Izithelo zivame ukugwinywa ziphelele, ngemuva kwalokho imbewu ibheke ngaphandle. Imbewu ivame ukuvunwa ebusweni bomhlaba noma ikhishwe ngqo ezitshalweni.
Ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kuyabonakala eGalapagos Turtle Dove - lapho ifuna imbewu, ithatha umhlabathi ngoqhwaku lwayo. Ngaphezu kokudla kwezitshalo, amajuba nawo adla ama-invertebrate amancane, kepha imvamisa amaphesenti ekudleni okuphelele mancane ngokweqile. Izinyoni ziphuza amanzi, ziwamunce - indlela engeyona eyezinye izinyoni, futhi lapho ifuna amanzi lezi zinyoni zivame ukuhamba amabanga amade.
Ukuzala kabusha, isikhathi sokuphila
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwamajuba kuncike ekubekweni kwamaqanda... Umfuyi wamajuba onolwazi uyakwazi ukubikezela i-clutch kusengaphambili, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi insikazi ayisasebenzi, ihamba kancane futhi ihlala esidlekeni isikhathi esiningi. Lokhu kuziphatha kwejuba kujwayelekile lapho izobeka i-clutch ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3. Amajuba ajwayele ukubeka amaqanda ngosuku lweshumi nambili kuya kweleshumi nanhlanu ngemuva kokukhwelana.
Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesidleke senzalo. Owesilisa uletha izinto zokwakha esidlekeni, kanti owesifazane uyawuhlomisa. Isikhathi sokuphila samajuba endle cishe yiminyaka emi-5. Ekhaya, lapho kunezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo futhi kukhona ukunakekelwa okufanele, kuhlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12-15, kunamacala ahlukile lapho amajuba asekhaya ephila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
Izitha zemvelo
Amajuba anezitha eziningi zemvelo... EMpumalanga Yurophu, lezi yizilwane ezinamaphiko ezibamba inyamazane yazo emoyeni. Kungaba yi-falcon, i-marsh harrier, i-hobbyist, i-kite nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Emhlabathini wamajuba, ama-martens, ama-ferrets, amakati ngisho namagundane ayingozi.
Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba lapho amajuba ajwayelekile khona, cishe zonke izidalwa eziyingozi ziyingozi kulolu hlobo lwezinyoni. Uma ugcina lezi zinyoni ku-dovecote, lapho-ke kuzomele uthathe zonke izinyathelo ukuze umhlaseli angakwazi ukungena kuzo. Ingozi enkulu, ikakhulukazi yamachwane amancane, yi-ferret negundane elimpunga elijwayelekile uqobo.
Kungani ijuba liyinyoni yokuthula
Le nkolelo ibuyele emuva kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kwakukholelwa, nokho, ngephutha, ukuthi ijuba alinayo i-gallbladder ngakho-ke liyisidalwa esimsulwa nesinomusa, ngoba alinayo inyongo nakho konke okubi nokubi. Abantu abaningi bamhlonipha njengenyoni engcwele, kwabanye kuyisibonakaliso sokuzala. IBhayibheli likhuluma nangejuba elimhlophe eliletha ukuthula.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umculi odume umhlaba wonke uP. Picasso wethule umqondo wesimanje "wejuba - uphawu lokuthula". Ngo-1949, wethula umdwebo wejuba onegatsha lomnqumo ngoqhwaku lwawo. Kusukela lapho, isithombe sejuba njengenyoni yokuthula ekugcineni saqala ukumila.
Ijuba nendoda
Ijuba nendoda zixhunywe ngomlando omude. Phambilini, lapho bezingekho izindlela zesimanje nezithembekile zokuxhumana, bezisetshenziswa njengokuhanjiswa kwezincwadi. Amajuba enyama nawo ayaziwa kabanzi. Ijuba linendawo enkulu emasikweni; kukhulunywa ngalo eBhayibhelini nasezinganekwaneni zaseSumeriya. Ezweni lesimanje kune-subculture ephelele "yamajuba", ngumhlaba ovaliwe ngokuphelele onemithetho yawo nezindinganiso zawo.
Amajuba okuphatha
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamajuba okuphatha, kepha adume kakhulu kuwo angama-4: inkwali yamaNgisi, iFlanders, noma iBrussels, i-Antwerp neLuttich. Zonke zinosayizi ophakathi nendawo futhi azihlukile kokunye ngaphandle "kokuzizwa usekhaya." Lezi zinhlobo zamajuba zihlukile kozakwabo endizeni esheshisa ifike ku-100 km / h nokukhuthazela okukhethekile. Njengamanje, lapho isidingo seposi lejuba sesinyamalele, lo mhlobo unentshisekelo yezemidlalo kuphela phakathi kwezimfundamakhwela.
Amajuba asekhaya
Amajuba asekhaya agcinwa ikakhulukazi ngobuhle, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu afuyelwa inyama. Zihlukahluka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zobunjwa nemibala. Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zamajuba asekhaya.
Namuhla, uhlobo lwe-tippler pigeon lungenye yezidume kakhulu eYurophu.... Ngokuqondene nabathandi bamajuba eRussia, abalimi bezinkukhu abanolwazi kudala bazi ngezingodo futhi abaningi bafuna ukuba nazo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuthola amajuba anjalo nathi, yize angavamile kakhulu.
Uma sikhuluma ngokubukeka, ama-tipplers awanalutho olungavamile - izimpaphe zawo zimpunga ngokuncipha okuncane entanyeni. Umzimba kufanele ugqanyiswe; abamele lolu hlobo babonakala ngomzimba onamathoni futhi onemisipha. Ama-Tipplers nawo anezici eziphakeme zokundiza. Inkomba yokukhuthazelwa kwamajuba alezi zinhlobonhlobo iphezulu kakhulu; ngaphandle kokuma, izinyoni zingandiza esibhakabhakeni cishe amahora angama-20.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-hryvnias yizinyoni ezifuywayo, ezazalelwa ochwepheshe baseRussia.
Endaweni yaseRussia, lolu hlobo luthandwa kakhulu. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, umane unemane enkulu ekhanda. Imvamisa, ama-manes anezimpaphe ezimhlophe, futhi kukhona indawo ebomvu noma emnyama entanyeni.
I-Armavir cosmachines nayo yakhishwa ongoti baseRussia. Azibonakalwanga ngokusebenza kwezindiza okuphezulu; ngokwesilinganiso, zingachitha cishe amahora angu-1.5-2 emoyeni. Ukuphakama kwabo kwendiza nakho kuphansi, akufinyeleli kumamitha ayi-100. Kodwa-ke, ngokujwayelekile, lamajuba andiza kahle kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zindiza kalula futhi ngokushelela, zingalwa kuze kube kahlanu ngokungena esigxotsheni, futhi lapho zehla, zivame "ukuzungeza" bese zijika emoyeni.
