I-Big bittern iyinyoni yomndeni we-heron (Ardeidae) kanye ne-stork oda (Сiconiifоrmes). Leli gama langempela latholwa yinyoni ngenxa yezwi layo elikhulu kakhulu, futhi futhi lisuselwa kumagama ahlobene "hhewula" noma "hhewula".
Incazelo ye-big bittern
Kunalokho inkulu ngosayizi, isakhiwo esikhetheke kakhulu, kanye nombala wokuqala wezimpaphe, i-bittern enkulu yehluke kakhulu kwezinye eziningi, ezihlobene noma ezifanayo ezinhlotsheni zesakhiwo, okukuvumela ukuthi ihlukaniswe ngokunembile ezimweni zemvelo.
Ukubonakala kwe-bittern
I-bittern enkulu inokubukeka okuphawuleka kakhulu, noma kwasekuqaleni.... Isifunda sangemuva simelwe yizimpaphe ezimnyama ezinokuluhlaza okuphuzi. Ikhanda lenyoni linombala ofanayo. Isisu sinombala omfushane, sinephethini enombala ophaphathekile onsundu.
Umsila unombala osarulana ngombala onephethini emnyama. Lo mbala wezimpaphe ufihlekile, ngakho-ke uvumela inyoni enkulu ngokwanele ukuthi ihlale ingaziwa phakathi komhlanga nomhlanga wamaxhaphozi ezixhaphozini nasezixhaphozini.
Abesilisa, njengomthetho, banosayizi abakhulu bomzimba kancane kunabesifazane. Isisindo somzimba sowesilisa osekhulile singaba kusuka ku-1.0-1.9 kg ngobude obungu-65-70 cm.Phiko lobude besilisa cishe lungu-33-34 cm, kanti kowesifazane - 30-31 cm. ngamachashazi amaningi amnyama, namehlo aphuzi.
Imilenze yenyoni ehambayo inombala ompunga, ngombala ohlaza okotshani. Abantu abasha banezimpaphe ezilula uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala. Ngesikhathi sendiza, i-bittern enkulu ifana kakhulu nesikhova.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
I-bittern enkulu ingeyizinyoni ezifudukayo futhi ibuya kusukela ebusika endaweni yezwe lethu noma endaweni yokwakha izidleke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi. Indawo yemvelo yama-bitterns izinqolobane ezinkulu zemvelo ezinamanzi amile noma ezinomsinga omncane, ogcwele kakhulu umhlanga noma umhlanga.
Izinyoni ziqala ukufudukela ezindaweni zobusika ngobuningi eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Abanye abantu bahlehlisa indiza yabo kuze kwehle iqhwa lokuqala.
Isigaxa esikhulu se-bittern esisodwa kanye ngonyaka, kusuka ngo-Agasti kuya ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJanuwari... Inyoni ehamba emanzini isebenza ngokukhethekile kuphela kusihlwa. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, i-bittern iyakwazi ukuma inganyakazi isikhathi eside, ngemuva kwalokho icishe ibambe inyamazane evulekile. Ngesikhathi sasemini, le nyoni icasha kahle emahlathini, lapho ishwabana khona ime ngomlenze owodwa. Lapho ibhekene nesitha, i-bittern enkulu ivula uqhwaku lwayo lubanzi futhi lube nesimilo, bese kuthi emuva kwalokho ibuyise konke ukudla okusanda kugwinywa.
Ukukhala kwe-bittern enkulu kuvame ukuzwakala entwasahlobo nasehlobo lonke, imvamisa kusihlwa noma ebusuku, kanye nasekuseni kakhulu. Ikhala kakhulu, izwakala kahle ebangeni lamakhilomitha amathathu noma amane, le nyoni ikhipha phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana. Izwi le-swamp bittern lingazwakala njenge-drone yomoya noma ukubhonga kwenkunzi. Ukumemeza kuqukethe ingoma ethule futhi okuyinhloko, okukhulu kakhulu futhi, njengokungathi, umsindo we-mooing. Imisindo ikhishwa ngumphimbo wale nyoni, okuthi uma ugcwele umoya, uziphendule njenge-resonator enamandla amakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho izwa noma ibona noma iyiphi ingozi, le nyoni egelezayo ilula ngokushesha intamo yayo ibheke phezulu, iphakamise ikhanda layo iqede, okuyenze ibukeke njengomhlanga ojwayelekile.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, ubude bezikhathi zezinyoni abuxhomekile kubukhulu bazo, ngakho-ke, i-bittern enkulu ezimweni zemvelo imvamisa iphila iminyaka engaphezulu kweshumi nantathu.
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala
I-bittern enkulu itholakala kakhulu eYurophu naseSpain, nasePortugal naseningizimu yeMedithera. Abanye abantu bahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yogu lwaseNyakatho yoLwandle, eDenmark, eningizimu yeSweden nasengxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeFinland. E-Afrika, indawo yokwabiwa komunyu omkhulu imelwe iMorocco ne-Algeria, iTunisia nengxenye eseningizimu yezwekazi.
E-Asia, i-bittern enkulu ingatholakala eduze kwaseTobolsk naseduze komcengezi waseYenisei. Indawo yokuhlala nayo iyingxenye eseningizimu yePalestine, i-Asia Minor ne-Iran, ingxenye esenyakatho nentshonalanga yeMongolia kanye naseningizimu yeTransbaikalia. Inyoni ehamba emanzini ivame ukufika ebusika e-Afrika nase-Arabia, enyakatho yeNdiya, naseBurma naseningizimu yeChina.
Ensimini yezwe lethu, phakathi kwama-biotopu abaluleke kakhulu okufaka izidleke kanye nefolishi yomunyu ophakeme kukhona ukukhishwa kwe-peat eziningi ezifundeni zaseKirov naseNizhny Novgorod, kanye namasimu elayisi eCrimea, amadamu entlenga esifundeni saseRyazan, amachibi nezigodi zemifula eYakutia.
Izitha zemvelo
Ukulimazeka okuphawuleka kakhulu kubantu bama-bitterns amakhulu kubangelwa wukucekelwa phansi okungagunyaziwe, okukhulu kwazo zonke izindawo zemvelo zezinyoni. Ukwenza ukubuyiswa kwamanzi amakhulu ngabantu kube yisizathu esikhulu sokwehla okubonakalayo kwenani lale nyoni kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Akukho monakalo omncane odalwa ukuwa kwentwasahlobo kohlaza, lapho ingxenye enkulu yezitshalo efanelekile yokwakha izidleke zamabhithi amakhulu ibhubha. Ososayensi baphinde basikisela ukuthi izinyoni eziningi ezinkulu ezidla inyama, kufaka phakathi isikhova kanye nesikhova sokhozi, zingabhubhisa kakhulu ukuluma okuncane kakhulu.
Okudliwa yiBig Bittern
Ukudla kwale nyoni kumelwe kakhulu yizinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi i-crucian carp, i-perch kanye ne-pike.... Futhi, i-bittern enkulu isebenzisa amaselesele, ama-newt, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini, izikelemu nonozinti, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, kufaka phakathi amagundane asendle, ukudla kwayo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Eminyakeni elambile, i-bittern enkulu ivame ukonakalisa izidleke zezinyoni, futhi idla amatshwele ngentshiseko. Amachwane asanda kuchanyuselwa adla ondiwani.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Umunyu omkhulu ufinyelela ebusheni kuphela lapho unonyaka owodwa... Inyoni enjalo ayijwayele ukwakheka kwezidleke zamakoloni, ngakho-ke, imibhangqwana evuthiwe ngokocansi ivame ukudala izidleke ngokwehlukana, iqaphela ukusondela kakhulu kwezinyoni ezifanayo nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene.
Lapho kunezimo ezikahle kakhulu zokwakha isidleke se-bittern esifundeni, ngazimbili ngazinye ziyakwazi ukuhlala zisondele ngokwanele komunye nomunye, ngenxa yalokho kwakheka wonke amabala anezinga eliphakeme lobuningi babantu.
Lapho ama-bitterns amaxhaphozi ehlala emanzini angajulile, izindawo zokwakha izidleke zihlala kumaqhuqhuva aphuma ngaphezu kwamanzi, afihliwe emehlweni abukhali kanye nasezitheni zemvelo ngamahlathi omhlanga, izihlahla eziminyene noma umhlanga.
Uma indawo yokwabiwa kwale nyoni imelwe ngamachibi emvelo ajulile, izidleke zivame ukutholakala ebusweni bezimila ezifayo noma ezifinyelela, zimbozwe kakhulu ngamahlamvu eminduze yamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi izidleke ziyizakhiwo ezinobudlabha eziqukethe iziqu kanye namahlamvu wanoma yiziphi izitshalo ezikhulayo.
Isidleke se-bittern enkulu sinesimo esiyindilinga, sinobubanzi besigamu semitha nokuphakama kwezinhlangothi okungaphezudlwana kwekota yemitha, kanti elinye lamacele enzelwe ukuvela kwezinyoni ezindala lihlala licindezelwe noma linyathelwe kahle. Njengoba amaphuphu ekhula futhi akhula, isidleke ngokwemvelo sicwila emanzini, ngakho-ke sakhiwa kancane kancane ngabazali abangabazali.
Amaqanda abekwa insikazi ye-bittern enkulu anomumo ojwayelekile futhi ovoid, futhi umbala wegobolondo umbala ompunga ngobumba. I-clutch ifakwe ngokuyinhloko abesifazane, kodwa owesilisa ngezikhathi ezithile angayifaka esikhundleni sayo. I-bittern enkulu ayenzi ngaphezu kwe-clutch eyodwa ngonyaka. Bamba ngokuvamile iqukethe amaqanda eziningana, inani lawo kungaba isukela ezintathu noma ezine kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqanda ngalinye lifukama ngezikhathi ezithile zezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke wonke amatshwele azalwa ngendlela engaqondakali, kanti iphuphu elincane kunawo wonke ekubekweni kwamaqanda ngokuvamile aliphili.
Amachwane achamisela cishe amasonto amane ngemuva kokuzala. Izinsana zimbozwe nge-downy enombala ejiyile futhi ebomvu, futhi izidladla zazo, ikhanda nomlomo kunombala oluhlaza okotshani. Kakade emasontweni amabili noma amathathu ngemuva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu e-bittern enkulu aqala ukushiya isidleke sawo kancane kancane. Abazali bondla amaphuphu isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga nengxenye, kanti izingane ezinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala sezivele zikwazi ukuhamba zodwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani labantu base-Europe lama-bitterns amakhulu lilinganiselwa kuma-10-12 ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili, kanti e-UK njengamanje kunamabhangqa angamashumi amabili. Ezweni lethu, inani lama-bitterns amakhulu alidluli ngazimbili eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10-30. ETurkey, inani lenyoni engajwayelekile yokuhamba ayidluli ngababili abangamakhulu amane kuya kwamakhulu amahlanu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amazwi we-marsh bittern angazwakala ezindaweni eziningi emazweni ase-Europe, kepha ungabona inyoni enjalo ngamehlo akho kuphela kusuka embhoshongweni weSiikalahti eParikkala. KuseFinland lapho lezi zinyoni zisebenza khona kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni.
Namuhla iBig Bittern ingeyesigaba sezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile futhi ezivikelekile emazweni amaningi... Isibonelo, ukuvikelwa komunyu e-UK kwenziwa iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane, ngemuva kokuhlaliswa kabusha kwezimpungushe ezihlala e-East Norfolk. Isizathu sokuthola isimo sokongiwa kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwenani lezinyoni ezihambayo kwakuwukugeleza kwezinqolobane zemvelo ezilungele ukuzala, kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi okunamandla kakhulu.
