Inhlanzi enegama elihle lokuhlonishwa u-Apistogram Ramirezi ibilokhu ijabulisa ama-aquarists iminyaka ecishe ibe ngama-70, ihlanganisa ubuhle, ukungathobeki, ukulungela njalo ukukhiqiza kanye nokuthula okungajwayelekile kuma-cichlids.
Ramirezi apistogram ngokwemvelo
Le cichlid encane yaqala ukubonwa futhi yabanjwa ngo-1947, ikakhulu ngenxa yesazi sezilwane zase-Amazonia, uManuel Vincent Ramirez waseColombia, owayehambisana nomkhankaso wesayensi we-American G. Blass.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, indebe yahlukaniswa futhi yanikezwa umhlaba ngaphansi kwegama elithi Apistogramma ramirezi... Incazelo yakhe, uDkt. UGeorge Sprague Myers noR. R. Harry, bavele ku-Aquarium Magazine (ePhiladelphia).
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlanzi, njengomphathi wobugebengu bangempela, zishintsha njalo amagama (i-Ramirez apistogram, i-butterfly apistogram, i-Ramirez apistogram, i-butterfly chromis, i-ramirezka) futhi yahamba ngokuyalelwa ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo isuka kolunye uhlobo iye kolunye yaze yehla kuhlobo lweMikrogeophagus.
Ukubukeka, incazelo
I-Chromis-butterfly ingeye-oda lama-perchiformes futhi ithathwa njengelinye lama-cichlids amancane kakhulu e-aquarium, akhula afike ku-5-7 cm. Abesifazane bahlukile kwabesilisa ngosayizi (lezi zakamuva zinkulu) nombala wesisu (obomvu klebhu - kwabesifazane, owolintshi - kwabesilisa).
Okubalulekile! Kunezinye izimpawu ezihlukanisayo: insikazi inendawo emnyama emaceleni ezungezwe ukucwebezela, futhi imisebe yesiphetho se-dorsal (yesibili neyesithathu) imfushane kunaleyo yomlingani. Iphinde "inikezwe" ngemisebe yokuqala yemphetho yangemuva, ende futhi enombala omnyama.
I-ramirezi apistogram ikhona ngemibala ehlukene nezindlela zokuma: ibhaluni, igolide, ugesi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-neon, iveyili ne-albino.
Kodwa-ke, kunombala ojwayelekile, obonakala ngemvelaphi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala onsomi nasebunzini / emlonyeni obomvu. Amehlo ngokuvamile amakwa ngamabala amakhulu angunxantathu.
Amabala amnyama ayabonakala ngemuva, egeleza kahle abe yimivimbo edabukile eguqukayo. Ngokuqala kokuzala, ukusika inqama (ikakhulukazi abesilisa) kuguqulwa - umbala wesikali uyakhanya, ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukusabalalisa, izindawo zokuhlala
I-ramirezi apistogram ingowokuzalwa eNingizimu Melika, ngokunembile, iBolivia, iVenezuela neColombia. Izinhlanzi zikhetha ukuhlala emanzini angenalutho, zihlala imifudlana esobala nemifula egelezela e-Orinoco.
Emithanjeni yalo mfula omkhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho kungekho khona manje, izinhlanzi azikaze zibande: ngisho nangoJanuwari, inyanga ebandayo yonyaka, izinga lokushisa lamanzi alihli ngaphansi kuka- + 22 + 26 ° С, futhi emini ehlobo lihlala ligudla ngaphezu kuka- + 30 ° KUSUKA.
Ngaphezu kokufudumala kwekhwalithi ephezulu, imizimba yamanzi yasendaweni ikhombisa ukusabela okuncane kwe-asidi kusuka ku-5.5 kuye ku-6.5 pH kanye nobunzima obuphansi (0-2 ° dGH). I-apistogram kavemvane futhi ikhombisa ukunamathela kumingcele efanayo ye-hydrological ekuthunjweni.
Ukugcina i-ramirezi ekhaya
Izinhlobo zokufuya zezinhlanzi zaseNingizimu Melika zaphoqeleka ukuthi zivumelane nobubanzi obuningi bezinkomba ze-hydrological, kunciphise izidingo zokuqina kwamachibi okufakelwa nokujwayela izinguquko zokushisa.
Kungakho izazi ze-ichthyologists zibheka i-Apistogramma ramirezi njengezidalwa ezingathatheki kakhulu, zizincoma ukuthi zigcinwe zizalisane ngisho nakulabo abangenawo amanzi olwandle.
Izidingo ze-Aquarium
Izinhlanzi ezimbalwa zizokubonga "ngezindlu" ezinomthamo wamalitha angama-30 noma ngaphezulu, ngokuhlunga okuhle ne-aeration, kanye noshintsho lwamanzi masonto onke... Yini enye abazodinga abagawuli bezinqama zakho?
- Ukukhanya okuphezulu okuphezulu, okungcono kune-blues nabamhlophe ukukhulisa i-turquoise, i-emerald nesafire sheen esikalini.
- Umkhakha ovulekile wokubhukuda kwamahhala nezindawo ezinethunzi zokukhosela ezenziwe ngeminduze yamanzi noma i-echinodorus.
- Noma yibuphi utshani obuluhlaza (ngaphandle kotshani obunamakhasi abomvu).
- Ukubhebhetheka okukhulu kwegranite eyimpunga noma i-basalt / gabbro, kanye nezinkuni ezingama-2-3 ze-driftwood.
- Umhlabathi nesizinda se-aquarium kufanele kube yi-monochrome, okungcono kube mnyama.
Zama ukukwenza ukuze imisebe yelanga ngezikhathi ezithile ingene ku-aquarium: ekukhanyeni kwayo, ingubo ye-chromis izobe icacisa kahle.
Izidingo zamanzi
Ama-cichlids emifino adinga imvelo ehlanzekile kakhulu, ene-asidi encane, enomoya-mpilo. Thola i-oxidizer yokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo.
I-asidi ephansi ibaluleke kakhulu ekuzaleni: uma ungeke uvuselele ukukhiqizwa kwama-apistogramu, amanzi angathathi hlangothi ngisho ne-alkaline amancane azokwenza. Kungcono uma ithambile, kepha izinhlobo ze-aquarium ze-chromis nazo zibekezelela amanzi anzima ngokulingene.
Uma amanzi enamafu futhi egcwele amanzi ngemfucuza engokwemvelo, izinhlanzi zizofa... Faka isihlungi esinamandla ukuvimbela ukufa kwabo. Uzodinga futhi i-heater ekwazi ukufudumeza kuze kufike ku- + 24 + 30 ° С.
I-Butterfly apistogram izobekezelela ukushisa okulingene, kepha emanzini afudumele izinhlanzi zizodlala kakhulu futhi zikhanye ngokwengeziwe.
Ukunakekelwa kweRamirezi apistogram
Uma ufuna i-chromis ukuzwa ngokugcwele injabulo yokuba khona, yethule nge-aquarium egelezayo. Imvamisa amasistimu abizayo anjalo atholakala kochwepheshe abazalisa izinhlanzi njalo.
Abathandi bakhawulelwe ekushintsheni kwamanzi: kufika ku-30% - masonto onke noma ngo-10% - nsuku zonke. Uketshezi oluzofakwa futhi lufakwe esikhundleni kufanele lube nezakhiwo ezifanayo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali.
I-apistogram kaRamirezi ayikubekezeleli ukuba khona kwe-chlorine. Ukuze uyihwamuke, hlala amanzi ompompi izinsuku ezimbalwa, ungakhohlwa ukuyiphephetha njalo.
Njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-14, ngokufana nokushintshwa kwamanzi, inhlabathi iyahlanzwa. Uma kunezinhlanzi eziningi e-aquarium, inhlabathi iyahlanzwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Lezi zindlela zokukhohlisa zizoyisindisa ekugqilazweni ngokweqile nokwakhiwa kokumiswa okweqile.
Ukudla okunomsoco, ukudla
Ama-apistogramu adla noma yikuphi ukudla: bukhoma (i-daphnia, i-bloodworms, i-corotra, i-tubifex), kanye neqhwa futhi yomile, bazijwayeza lokhu kokugcina emasontweni e-1-2.
Okubalulekile! Usayizi wezingcezu zokudla akufanele weqe usayizi wezinto zomhlathi we-chromis. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umlomo wayo omncane ngeke ukwazi ukubhekana nokudla.
URamirezok angondliwa ngama-discus pellets... Njengoba lawa ma-cichlids aqoqa ukudla ikakhulukazi ezansi, ama-pellets angahlala lapho (aze adliwe ngokuphelele) cishe ikota yehora.
Okwe-aquarium yezinhlobo, konke ukudla kufanelekile, ngokujwayelekile - kucwila kuphela: ukuze omakhelwane abantanta ngaphezulu bangadluli i-chromis, abathanda izingqimba zamanzi aphansi.
Uma uphonsa ukudla okufriziwe enhlanzini, kulinde ukuthi kuncibilike ngaphambi kokukuthumela ku-aquarium.
Ukuzala ramirezi
Ezinyangeni ezingama-4-6, izinhlanzi ezikhula zifike ku-3 cm zikulungele ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa. Izinhlanzi zithembekile komunye nomunye futhi zinamathela ndawonye uma nje zikwazi ukuzala inzalo. Kepha kuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu ukuthola izithandani ezinemizwelo emihle yobuzali: I-Chromis ivame ukudla amaqanda noma ingakunaki.
Izimo zokusabalalisa:
- i-aquarium evela kumalitha ayi-15, enamatshe ayisicaba, uhlaza nesihlabathi esimahhadlahhadla;
- ukuphakama kwamanzi cishe kungama-8-10 cm, i-asidi nobushushu buphakeme kancane kune-aquarium ejwayelekile;
- idinga ukugeleza okubuthakathaka kwamanzi nokwenyuka kwayo kwansuku zonke (ukukhuthaza ukuzala).
I-clutch, evame ukuhanjiswa isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye, iqukethe amaqanda angama-50 kuye kwangama-400. Bobabili abazali bahlela amaqanda, basuse abafileyo.
Isikhathi sokufukamela (amahora angama-45-80) siphela ngokuvela kwezibungu, bese ziphenduka zibe gazinga ezidinga ukondliwa. Kepha akuwona wonke ama-juveniles (noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle) asinda.
Ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Ku-apistogram kaRamirezi, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-intraspecific (territorial) kuyisici esingaphezulu kune-interspecific. Kungakho lezi zilwane ezincane zihlangana namanye ama-cichlids nezinhlanzi ezolile ezinjenge:
- izinkemba ezibomvu;
- ama-guppies ambozwe (abesilisa);
- ameva, iris ne-zebrafish;
- neons, rasbora kanye tetras;
- i-gourami, i-catfish enokuthula ne-lalius;
- amaqhude nopholi;
- ama-scalars, ama-barbs amancane ne-discus.
Okubalulekile! I-Ramirezi Apistogram ayihambisani nezinhlanzi ezinkulu nezimpi, kufaka phakathi ama-cichlids amakhulu, ama-piranhas kanye ne-catfish. Umakhelwane one-fishfish nawo uyaphikiswa.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sempilo ye-chromis, i-priori engahlobene nezibindi ezinde, sincike ekushiseni kwamanzi e-aquarium... Kukholakala ukuthi ku- +25 baphila iminyaka engaba ngu-4, kanti ku- + 27 + 30 - kuphela iminyaka embalwa. Uma ukufundwa kwezinga lokushisa kungaphansi kuka- + 24 degrees, abasiki bezinqama bayagula futhi bafe ngokushesha.
Ungathenga kuphi i-ramirezi apistogram, intengo
Izinhlanzi zithengiswa ngazo zombili izitolo eziku-inthanethi kanye nabafuyi abazimele, okukhombisa intengo yentando yeningi ngokuphelele esukela kuma-ruble ayi-100 kuye kwangama-300.
Uma udinga umhlambi omuhle, thenga i-ramirezok kubafuyi abathathu noma abane (amakhophi ama-3-4 ngamunye). Kungcono ukwenza lokhu emini, ukuze amalungu omhlambi ajwayelane ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abantu abadala (ikakhulukazi emanzini amancane) bangazama ukuqeda abahlali abasha ngokubabulala baze bafe.
Bukela izivakashi zize zihlale endaweni entsha: uma kunosongo lwengxabano, hlukanisa abaphikisi bodwa ngokuhlukanisa ingilazi. Tshala izitshalo ezinyene lapho izinhlanzi ezicasulwe omakhelwane zingacasha khona.
Okubalulekile! Lapho ukhetha i-chromis, ungathathi izinhlanzi ezidonsayo ngokweqile: umbala wazo ogqamile uvame ukwenziwa ukwethulwa kwamahomoni noma ukudla okunomsoco okhethekile. Lahla ama-overgrowths aphaphathekile kanye neziqu eziphansi eziguquguqukayo, egxile kuma-cichlids aphakathi nendawo ka-1.5-2.5 cm, ahluke kancane ngombala.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Labo abaqala ukufuya ama-apistograms eRamirezi ngokushesha baphawula ikhwalithi yabo ephawulekayo: izinhlanzi azigebhi inhlabathi, azisiphuli noma zikhiphe izitshalo ze-aquarium, ukuze ama-chromis abekwe ngokuphepha kubelaphi abanethezeka kakhulu.
Noma yikuphi ukuhluma kunconywa njengezimbali ze-aquarium, ngokwesibonelo, i-eleocharis parvula, i-vallisneria kanye notshani obucacile bokuntanta (i-eichornia noma i-pistia). Uma i-aquarium icacile, awudingi ukuyimboza - amafreyimu awaveli emanzini... Futhi lokhu kungenye yohlu lwezinzuzo zabo.
Abanikazi be-Apistogram beluleka ukufaka isibani sokukhanyisa (isibonelo, iMarin Glo), ethuthukisa umbala wemvelo wezinhlanzi zaseNingizimu Melika.
