Amarabi noma amarabi (isifo samarabi) yisifo esasaziwa phambilini ngamagama e-hydrophobia noma i-hydrophobia. Yisifo esithathelwanayo esibulalayo esidalwa yigciwane iRabies virus, esingehlobo loLyssavirus kanye nomndeni iRhabdoviridae.
Izimbangela zamarabi
Isifo esibi njengamarabi sibanga i-rhabdovirus ekhethekile ezilwaneni ezinegazi elifudumele, elingena emzimbeni wesilwane esifuywayo esinemilenze emine lapho silunywa isilwane esigulayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukutheleleka kungenzeka noma ngenxa yokuncipha kwamathe, kepha izizathu ezinjalo ziwela esigabeni samacala angavamile egciwane angena emzimbeni wesilwane. Okuyingozi kakhulu ukulunywa ekhanda nasemilenzeni.
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, umthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka okubulalayo umelwe yizilwane zasendle... Iqembu elisengozini enkulu lifaka izilwane ezifuywayo ezinemilenze emine ezihlala eduze kwamapulazi ehlathi, amahlathi kanye namathafa, kanye nasezindaweni ezingezinhle neze-epizootologically. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ingozi yokuthola isifo esibulalayo ikhona cishe yonke indawo, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umnikazi wenja kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi anake impilo nokuziphatha kwesilwane.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasendle azisekeli nje kuphela ukongiwa kwemvelo, kepha nokusabalala kwegciwane eliqukethe i-RNA. Njengomphumela wokungena emzimbeni, igciwane elinjalo liqala ukuhamba ngokushesha ngemicu yezinzwa futhi lingene ebuchosheni, nasentanjeni yomgogodla, lapho liphindaphindeka khona liqoqane kuma-neurons. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko zasendaweni zenzeka kuzo zonke izicubu zobuchopho, kanye ne-edema eningi kanye nokopha, kufaka phakathi izinguquko zeselula eziwohlokayo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukufuduka kwe-rhabdovirus emzimbeni wesilwane esifuywayo esigulayo kuyibangela ukuthi ingene ngokushesha kwizindlala zamathe, kanye nokukhishwa okulandelayo ngamathe, okuba yisizathu esiyinhloko sokusabalala kwamarabi phakathi kwezilwane.
Izimpawu nezimpawu zokuqala zamarabi
Kusukela lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka khona, futhi kuze kube yizimpawu zokuqala zesifo enjeni, njengomthetho, kuthatha amasonto ama-3-7. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo zokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu zamarabi esilwaneni esinegciwane ngisho nangemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha noma unyaka. Lo mehluko uxhomeke ngqo ezingeni le-virulence yegciwane, kanye nokuqina kokuzivikela komzimba nezinye izici zomzimba othintekile.
Izinga lobunzima, ukucacisa, kanye nokuqina kokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu zomtholampilo, kuvumela ukuhlukanisa lesi sifo ngamafomu:
- ifomu le-atypical;
- ifomu lokucindezeleka noma elikhubazekile;
- ifomu elijabulisayo;
- ifomu lokuxolelwa.
Njengoba umkhuba wezilwane ukhombisa, inja ivame ukutholakala inezinhlobo ezinobudlova, kanye nolaka nokukhubazeka.
Esigabeni sokuqala ngemuva kokutheleleka, izimpawu zihlala zicashile kumnikazi wenja.... Umnikazi angacabanga ukuthi isilwane sikhathele noma sicasulwe okuthile, ngakho-ke wayeka ukugijima nokuqhakaza, uvame ukuqamba amanga futhi agweme ukuxhumana nabantu. Kwesinye isikhathi, isilwane ebesilalela ngaphambilini siqala ukwenza isimanga: asilandeli imiyalo futhi asiphenduli ezintweni ezingaphandle. Kunezimo lapho izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka kungumsebenzi nobumnene bokuthambekela kwesilwane. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekuziphatheni kwenja kufanele zixwayise umnikazi.
Okubalulekile!Izimpawu ezaziwa kakhulu zalesi sifo ziba, kaningi, ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu, futhi zibonakaliswa ngokwanda kwamathe, kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula, ngenxa yalokho inja eqala ukuzamula ngokuzikhandla idonse umoya omningi ngomlomo wayo.
Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwamarabi
Isifo samarabi asikhuli ngasikhathi sinye, kepha ngezigaba eziningana ezinkulu, ezibonakala emtholampilo.
Ifomu elinolaka okwethulwe ngu:
- prodromal noma isigaba sokuqala;
- isigaba senjabulo enamandla noma i-manic;
- isigaba esicindezelayo noma esishabalalayo.
Leli fomu liyisici esivelele kunazo zonke, futhi lifaka izimpawu ezethulwe ngu:
- izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwesilwane, okubonakala kakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo. Ukuhlaselwa kobudlova obungashukunyiswa kungathathelwa indawo ukucindezeleka okukhulu, nokukhuphuka kokucasuka - ngothando olwedlulele;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha noma ukudlikizela;
- Ukugodola nomkhuhlane;
- ukudla izinto nezingenakudliwa, kubandakanya umhlaba nodoti;
- ubuthakathaka jikelele nokungahambi kahle;
- i-photophobia, ehambisana nokuseshwa kwendawo emnyama noma eyimfihlo enokukhanya okuncane;
- i-hydrophobia nokungathandi ukugwinya ukudla namanzi, okubangelwa yimisipha emisipheni yepharyngeal.
Kuyathakazelisa!Esikhathini esithile ekukhuleni kwalesi sifo, isilwane esinegciwane sikhuphule amathe, ngakho-ke sizama ukuzikhotha njalo, futhi ukukhonkotha okuhoshozelayo kuphenduka ukuhhewula okuhlabayo.
Isigaba sesithathu sibonakala ngokushintsha kwezikhathi zobudlova ngokunganaki nokudangala. Isilwane siyeke ukuphendula igama laso lesidlaliso nanoma yisiphi isisusa, futhi sinqabe nokudla bese sizifunela indawo eyimfihlo, emnyama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ukwanda kwezinkomba zokushisa ezingama-40-41mayelanaC. Sikhathele yilesi sifo, isilwane sasekhaya cishe silahlekelwa ngokuphelele yizwi laso. Kukhona nokukhanya okumakwe kahle kwe-cornea yamehlo. Isigaba sokugcina yizinqubo eziningi ze-pathological ohlelweni lwezinzwa nenhliziyo, okuyimbangela enkulu yokufa kwesilwane.
Isigaba sokuthula noma esikhubazekile sibonakala ngokuthanda ngokweqile nokuzola okungajwayelekile kwesilwane... Lokhu kuziphatha kuthathelwa indawo ngokushesha ukubonakaliswa kokukhathazeka, izimpawu ezincane zodlame olungashukunyiswa, oluhambisana nokusabela okungajwayelekile ezintweni ezijwayelekile, amathe amaningi nokuvela kwegwebu. Isilwane esifuywayo siqala ukwesaba ukukhanya namanzi, futhi futhi siyenqaba ukondla. Isigaba sokugcina salesi sigaba sihambisana nokuphefumula, ukuphefumula nokukhwehlela kwe-paroxysmal, kulandelwe ukuvela kwemisipha, ukudlikizela, ukukhubazeka okuqhubekayo kwe-pharynx, imisipha yezitho kanye nesiqu. Isilwane sifa cishe ngosuku lwesithathu.
Okungajwayelekile kakhulu yilokho okubizwa nge-atypical of rabies, okuyizimpawu zakhona:
- izinguquko zokuziphatha ezincane;
- ukwanda okuncane kokushisa komzimba;
- ushintsho kokuncamelayo kokunambitha;
- ukwenqatshwa kokudla nokuphathwa okuvamile;
- ukuthuthukisa izimpawu ze-gastroenteritis;
- uhudo oluningi olunegazi nokuhlanza okuqeda amandla;
- ukuqina okukhulu nokuncipha okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba.
Ifomu le-Atypical yethulwe ngezigaba eziningana, kepha izimpawu ezifanayo kakhulu kwezinye izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa kungaba nzima.
Okubalulekile!Ukutholakala kokuphambuka okuncane ekuziphatheni kwenja kufanele kube yisizathu sokuhlolwa okuphelele okuphelele kwesilwane esinemilenze emine ngudokotela wezilwane nokuxilongwa okuningiliziwe.
Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela
Ekusolweni kokuqala kokutheleleka kwamarabi, ikakhulukazi uma isilwane sasixhumana nezilwane nezinja eziphambukayo, noma zilunywa yizo, umngani onemilenze emine kufanele ahlukaniswe yedwa futhi axhumane nensizakalo yezilwane eseduzane. Isilwanyane kumele sihlukaniswe, futhi bonke abantu nezilwane ezixhumana nalesi silwane esinegciwane ziyagonywa.
Ukugcina inja yezilwane iphephile nokunciphisa ubungozi bokungenwa ngamarabi nokusabalala kwalesi sifo esibulalayo, kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi nezinekhono. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuphela kwendlela enokwethenjelwa yokuvikela isilwane esinemilenze emine kanye nabantu abasizungezile ukugoma.
Ngaphandle kophawu ekugomeni, ngokombono womthetho, isilwane asivunyelwe ukuvakashela imicimbi yombukiso noma izindawo zomphakathi. Futhi, inja engakagonywanga ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa izungeze idolobha noma ikhishwe ezweni futhi isetshenziselwe ukuzalanisa. Izinyathelo ze-Anthelminthic ziyadingeka ngaphambi kokugonywa kwamarabi. Yisilwane esifuyane esinempilo ngokuphelele kuphela esingagonywa.
Kuyathakazelisa!Umuthi wokugoma wamarabi unikezwa umdlwane ngaphambi kokushintshwa kwamazinyo, eneminyaka engaba yizinyanga ezintathu, noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokushintshwa okuphelele kwamazinyo. Ngemuva kwalokho lokhu kugoma kwenziwa minyaka yonke.
Ingozi kubantu
Ukutheleleka komuntu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthintana namathe wanoma yisiphi isilwane esigulayo. Ngakho-ke, kaningi lesi simo senzeka ngokulunywa. Ingozi ethile kulokhu iboniswa ukulimala ekhanda nasemilenzeni, okungukuthi izandla. Ngenani elikhulu lokulunywa, ingozi yokutheleleka komuntu inyuka kakhulu. Ukuphakama okuyinhloko kwezigameko zamarabi kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Njengomthetho, isikhathi sokufukamela kwalesi sifo siyizinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye, kepha singaba side - cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amane. Lesi sifo singakhula cishe ngejubane lombani uma isango lokungena lokuthi igciwane lingene emzimbeni womuntu ukulimala ebusweni noma entanyeni. Ukulunywa ngesandla nakho kungaba yingozi ngokweqile. Kulokhu, isikhathi esimaphakathi sokufukamela, njengomthetho, asidluli izinsuku ezinhlanu. Lesi sici singenxa yokuhamba ngokushesha kwegciwane ezindleleni zemizwa ezingena kumaseli omgogodla nobuchopho. Ukutheleleka ngokulunywa umlenze kunomthelela ekwandiseni okukhulu kwesikhathi sokufukamela.
Namuhla, ukwenziwa komuthi wokugoma ngesikhathi esifanele kukuvumela ukuthi usindise umuntu ogulayo kulesi sifo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi isiguli sibulawa amarabi, okuchazwa ngu:
- ukungabi khona isikhathi eside kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuqeqeshiwe;
- ukwephulwa kombuso wokugoma;
- ukuzimela kusenesikhathi kokuqeda ukugoma.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha hhayi kuphela ngemuva kokuthola ukulunywa, kepha futhi nalapho amathe engena esikhunjeni ngaphandle kobuqotho. Ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo kwamarabi kubantu abagulayo kuyisidina. Egazini, kukhona ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu kwezinga lama-lymphocyte, kanye nokungabikho okuphelele kwama-eosinophil. Lapho kuthathwa i-smear ebusweni be-cornea, kuba khona ama-antibodies, akhiqizwa ukuphendula ukutheleleka okungene emzimbeni.
Ubukhona be-rhabdovirus kubantu bungahluka kusuka enyangeni eyodwa kuya kwezintathu. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, isikhathi sokufukamela singancishiswa sibe yizinsuku eziyishumi, futhi emaphashini, singakhuphukela onyakeni.
Ngemuva komzuzu wokutheleleka ngamarabi, umuntu unezigaba ezintathu ekukhuleni kwalesi sifo, ngasinye sinezimpawu ezithile, kepha izimpawu zokuqala, ezimelelwa ukuzwa okubuhlungu endaweni yokulunywa, ukwanda kokushisa komzimba kuya kumapharamitha amancane, ikhanda kanye nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile, kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, futhi futhi isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
Okubalulekile!Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho umuntu elunywa ebusweni, ukubona izinto ezingekho emqondweni noma ukubukwa kuvame ukubonwa ngendlela yephunga lomuntu wesithathu nezithombe ezingekho.
Esigabeni sokugcina, kuvela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kufaka phakathi ukudangala nokwesaba, ukukhathazeka nokucasuka ngokweqile. Amarabi yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi esibulalayo. Noma imuphi umnikazi wenja kufanele nakanjani akhumbule lokhu, futhi agome ngesikhathi esifanele isilwane sakhe.
