I-European marsh turtle (Emys orbiсularis) isho izimfudu zamanzi angenasawoti ezivela kuhlobo lweMarsh turtles. Isilwane esihuquzelayo salesi silwane sisanda kuqala ukwenziwa njengesilwane sokuqala futhi hhayi isilwane esibucayi kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nencazelo
Ufudu lwamachibi waseYurophu lunokhaphethi oyindilinga, ongaphakeme futhi onamathela kancane onobuso obushelelezi nokuxhumeka okuhamba ngegobolondo eliphansi. Izinhlobo zezinhlobo zalesi sifo zibonakala nge-carapace eyindilinga ene-keel ephakathi ebuthakathaka engxenyeni yangemuva eyindilinga.
Ezingxenyeni kukhona izinzipho ezinde nezicijile, futhi phakathi kweminwe kukhona ulwelwesi oluncane. Umsila mude kakhulu. Ufudu olukhulu lunomsila ofinyelela kwikota yemitha ubude. Kuyingxenye yomsila edlala indima ebalulekile ekubhukudeni, futhi isebenza, kanye nezitho zangemuva, uhlobo lokuqondisa okwengeziwe... Isilinganiso sobude bomuntu omdala singahluka kusuka ku-12 kuye ku-38 cm ngesisindo somzimba esiyikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu.
Umbala wegobolondo lofudu omdala uvame ukuba ngumnqumo omnyama, onsundu onsundu noma onsundu ngokugqamile, cishe omnyama onamabala amancane, imivimbo noma amachashazi ombala ophuzi. Iplastron inombala onsundu noma ophuzi ngombala onamabala amnyama ansundu. Indawo yekhanda, intamo, imilenze nomsila nayo inemibala emnyama, inama-specks amaningi aphuzi. Amehlo ane-iris ephuzi kakhulu, ewolintshi noma ebomvu. Isici esithile imiphetho ebushelelezi emihlathini kanye nokungabikho ngokuphelele "komlomo".
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala
Izimfudu zasolwandle zaseYurophu zisakazeka kabanzi kulo lonke elaseningizimu, kanye nezindawo ezimaphakathi nezisempumalanga yeYurophu, zitholakala eCaucasus nasemazweni amaningi ase-Asia. Inani elikhulu lalezi zinhlobo liphawulwa cishe kuwo wonke amazwe ukuthi kuze kube muva nje angaphansi kwendawo yeSoviet Union.
Kuyathakazelisa!Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ezifundweni eziningi, esikhathini sangaphambi kobuningi bensimu yaseYurophu lolu hlobo lwaluvame kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izindawo, nanamuhla, ungathola abantu abasalile.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Izimfudu zaseMarsh zikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini, emaqeleni nasemathafeni asemahlathini, kodwa futhi zivame ukutholakala emadamini amasha emvelo, amelwe amaxhaphozi, amachibi, amachibi, imifula egeleza kancane neziteshi ezinkulu zamanzi.
Izinqolobane zemvelo ezingenalutho ezinamabhange amnene nezindawo ezifudumele ezifudumele kakhulu zamanzi ezinenani elanele lohlaza zilungele impilo yonke. Abanye abantu batholakala ngisho nasezintabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa!Kufakazelwe ngokuzama ukuthi ufudu lwasemanzini olusemanzini olushisayo ngo-18 ° C luyakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle komoya cishe izinsuku ezimbili.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalisa ngobuningi, izimfudu ezindala ezivuthiwe ngokocansi ziyakwazi ukuphuma echibini futhi ziqhele kude nazo ibanga elingu-300-500 m... Isirhubuluzi siyakwazi ukubhukuda nokuntywila ngokuphelele, futhi singachitha isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamanzi, siphume njalo ngekota yehora ngaphezulu. Izimfudu zaseMarsh zingaphansi kwesigaba sezilwane ezinamanzi amancane ezisebenza ngesikhathi sasemini futhi ezihlala elangeni isikhathi eside. Ufudu lungadla usuku lonke, kuthi ebusuku luyolala phansi echibini lemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ezimweni zemvelo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimfudu zasolwandle ezisabalele, ezahlukile ngezici zokuziphatha, ukudla kanye nesikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila. I-marsh turtle yaseYurophu iyinhlobo ejwayelekile kunazo zonke, kepha "isisetshenziswa" sempilo se-reptile esinjalo singahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo yokuhlala nezindawo.
Bonke abantu abahlala eYurophu emaphakathi bayakwazi ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, kanti izimfudu ezihlala endaweni yase-Ukraine, kanye naseBelarus nasezweni lethu, kuyaqabukela kakhulu "zeqe" umkhawulo weminyaka engamashumi amane. Ekuthunjweni, ufudu lwe-marsh, njengomthetho, aluhlali ngaphezu kwekota yekhulu leminyaka.
Ukugcina ufudu lwexhaphozi ekhaya
Ekhaya, izimfudu zasolwandle zidinga ukunakekelwa okufanele kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula nentuthuko. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha i-aquarium elungile, kanye nokunikeza isilwane esinwabuzelayo ngokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokudla okuphelele, okulinganiselwe ngokuphelele. Ngenhloso yokuhlobisa indawo engaphansi kwamanzi, izinkuni zemithi kanye nohlaza okwenziwe ngalo kuyasetshenziswa kakhulu, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlomisa izindawo zokuhlala ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezidinga isilwane ukuphumula kahle nokulala ubusuku bonke.
Ukukhethwa nezimpawu ze-aquarium
Ngebhangqa lezimfudu ezindala zaseYurophu, kungakuhle ukuthenga i-aquarium, ivolumu yayo okufanele yeqe amalitha angamakhulu amathathu. Ingxenye yesithathu yesakhiwo esinjalo ihlale ibekelwa eceleni ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho i-reptile yangaphakathi ingafudumala noma iphumule ngezikhathi ezithile. Ama-tortle azozizwa ekhululekile ku-aquarium engu-150x60x50 cm.
Indawo ekahle kakhulu yokugcina ufudu lwemashi kuzoba yichibi lokufakelwa elincane futhi elibiyelwe kahle endaweni yangakini.... Isiziba esinjalo sensimu kufanele sibe elangeni eliqondile isikhathi esiningi sosuku, okuzoqinisekisa ukufudumala okufanayo nokuzinza kwamanzi. Echibini lomgwaqo, izindawo ezingajulile zihlala kahle, kanye nenkundla yezilwane zamanzi ahlanzekile ukushisa ilanga. Ugu lolwandle luvame ukusetshenziselwa izimfudu ukubeka amaqanda alo, ngakho-ke kufanele lube nesihlabathi.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu zezwe lethu, kuye ngezimo zezulu, izimfudu zingabekwa echibini lesivande eliqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, bese lizishiya lapho kuze kube sekwindla, okuzovumela umzimba wesilwane ukuba uzilungiselele ngokwemvelo isikhathi sasebusika. Ufudu kufanele alale ubusika bonke ezingeni lokushisa elingu-4 ° C, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlela "ubusika" bofudu ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi esijwayelekile sasekhaya.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka
Enye yezidingo eziyisisekelo zokugcina ufudu lwasolwandle lwaseYurophu ekhaya ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi e-aquarium. Isilwane esinjalo sasemanzini asihlukile ekuhlanzekeni, ngakho-ke yonke imfucuza nemfucuza evela kokuphakelayo ngokushesha iba yinkinga enkulu yokuhlanzeka kwamanzi.
I-Pathogenic kanye ne-pathogenic putrefactive microflora yanda ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke, lapho kungekho ukunakekelwa okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, kungadala ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zamehlo noma ushintsho lwe-pathological esikhumbeni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufaka isihlungi esinamandla nesisebenza kahle kakhulu ngevolumu enkulu kakhulu nokugeleza okuncane.
Okubalulekile!Ukwenza lula ukuhlanzwa okuhlelekile kwamanzi e-aquarium naso sonke isakhiwo, kungakuhle ukunciphisa inani lezinto zokuhlobisa ezansi futhi wehlise ivolumu yenhlabathi engaphansi kwamanzi.
Yini ongondla ngayo ufudu lwexhaphozi
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ama-marsh turtles angaphansi kwesigaba sama-amphibian omnivorous, kepha isisekelo sokudla kuvame kakhulu ama-invertebrate ahlukahlukene aphakathi nendawo, amelwe yizimbaza, izimpethu nama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene.
Imvamisa inyamazane yofudu ingaphansi kwamanzi noma izinambuzane zasemhlabeni, kanye nezibungu zazo... Izibungu zezinambuzane ezifana nojekamanzi, amabhungane okuntywila, omiyane, izintwala zezinkuni namabhungane zidliwa kakhulu. Kukhona nezimo ezaziwayo zezimfudu ezixhaphozi ezidla izinyoka ezincane noma amatshwele ezinyoni zasemanzini, kanye nanoma yisiphi isidumbu.
Ekhaya, naphezu kokweqiwa kwemvelo nokungathobeki, udaba lokondla ufudu lwe-marsh kumele lusondele ngokucophelela okukhulu. Ukudla okuyinhloko kufanele kufake phakathi:
- izinhlanzi ezondile, kufaka phakathi i-haddock, i-cod, i-perch ne-pollock;
- izibungu, kufaka phakathi inkukhu noma inyama yesibindi nenhliziyo;
- ama-crustaceans nama-arthropods, kufaka phakathi i-daphnia crustaceans, izibungu namabhungane;
- zonke izinhlobo zempilo yasolwandle;
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezilwane eziphila ezweni.
Okudingekayo ukuze uthole umsoco omuhle wengeza ukudla ngokudla okomile nokwezitshalo, okungamelwa yimifino nezithelo, amakhambi, izimila zasemanzini, kanye nokudla okukhethekile kofudu lwamanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ama-specimens akhulayo amancane nabesifazane abakhulelwe banikezwa ukudla kanye ngosuku, futhi ukudla kwabantu abadala kubandakanya ukufaka ukudla kathathu kuphela ngesonto.
Ezempilo, izifo nokuvikela
Izinhlobo zamachibi amanzi angenasawoti kuyaqabukela zigule ngaphansi kwezimo zokulondolozwa okufanele, futhi zinokuzivikela okuhle kwangaphakathi.
Kodwa-ke, umnikazi waleso silwane angahle abhekane nezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- imikhuhlane ehambisana nokuphefumula okungajwayelekile nokusebenza kanzima, ukukhishwa kwamafinyila emakhaleni noma emlonyeni, ukwenqaba ukudla, ukunganaki nokuhefuzela lapho uphefumula;
- i-rectal prolapse noma i-rectal prolapse;
- isifo sohudo esibangelwa ukudla okungekho kahle noma okudala;
- i-tape ne-helminths eyindilinga engena emzimbeni wesilwane kanye nokudla okungalungisiwe;
- ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu;
- ukukhubazeka kwemvelaphi ehlukahlukene;
- i-dystocia noma ukubambezeleka kwe-oviposition;
- ama-ectoparasites.
Uma kwenzeka ukuhleleka okungafanele kwe-aquarium, ukulimala nokulimala okuhlukahlukene esikhunjeni sesilwane kungafakwa ngaphandle.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngokuvamile, abanikazi abangenalwazi noma abasafufusa bofudu bexhaphozi benza amaphutha ahlukahlukene abalulekile ekunakekelweni, abangela ukuguquguquka kwegobolondo. Njengomthetho, lesi simo siwumphumela wokushoda okukhulu kwamavithamini izakhiwo kanye ne-calcium esiteji sokuvuthwa noma ukukhula okusebenzayo kofudu.
Ukuzalela ufudu lwasemanzini lwaseYurophu
Abesilisa, ngokungafani nabesifazane, banomsila omude nojiyile, kanye noplastron omncane we-concave. Amaqanda abekwa emigodini ogwini olunesihlabathi, endaweni eseduze yedamu.
Amaqanda abekiwe ayindilinga angcwatshwa insikazi. Izimfudu ezisanda kuzalwa zinemibala ecishe ibe mnyama nephethini ephuzi ephume kancane kakhulu.... Ukondliwa kwezilwane ezisencane phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika kwenziwa ngesikhwama se-yolk esikhulu esisesiswini.
Zonke izimfudu zibonakala ngokuzimisela kokushisa kobulili bayo yonke inzalo, ngakho-ke, ngokushisa okufukamele okungama-30 ° C noma ngaphezulu, abesifazane kuphela abaqhamuka emaqandeni, futhi ngabesilisa kuphela ezinkomba zokushisa okuphansi.
Amanani wokushisa aphakathi nendawo abangela ukuzalwa kwamawundlu abesilisa nabesilisa.
Ukulala ubusika bonke
Isikhathi esiphakathi nesikhathi esiyinhloko esisebenzayo sincike ezicini eziningi, okuyinhloko yazo izimo zezulu. Ezweni lakithi, izimfudu zasolwandle ziphuma ebusika (ubusika) cishe ngo-Ephreli noma ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaMeyi, ngemuva kokuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelele ku-6-14 ° C, bese izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingu-5-10 ° C. Isikhathi sasebusika siqala eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Okthoba noma ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. I-Hibernation yenzeka ngaphansi kodaka echibini. Ekhaya, isihuquzeli sigcina ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwaso ebusika.
Thenga i-marsh turtle, intengo
Izimfudu zase-marsh zaseYurophu, ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo kwasekuqaleni, ukwanda okusakazekile nokungathobeki okuhlobene nokugcinwa kwekhaya, eminyakeni yamuva sekuye kwaba ukuhlobisa kwezindawo zasemanzini zabathandi bezilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izingcweti eziphila emanzini nasemanzini zithandwa yizindleko ezingabizi kakhulu zesilwane esinjalo. Intengo emaphakathi yomuntu oyedwa osemusha, kungakhathalekile ubulili, icishe ibe ama-ruble ayinkulungwane nengxenye.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Njengoba umkhuba wokunakekelwa kwekhaya ukhombisa, ukunakwa okukhethekile kuyadingeka ukuhambisana nombuso wamazinga okushisa wamanzi ezingeni lama-25-27 ° C, kanye nezinga lokushisa lendawo yokushisa ebangeni elingama-36-40 ° C. Ngokugcinwa njalo egumbini, isilwane kuzodingeka sinikeze hhayi kuphela ukushisa okwanele, kodwa futhi nokukhanya okwanele ngokwanele, okuzogcina izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni wofudu ezingeni elifanele.
Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwezimfudu ngokufanele lungokwesigaba sokunakekelwa okungadingekile nokuzithoba ezimweni zokuboshwa. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izimfudu zasolwandle njengamanje zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezigcinwa e-Europe, lapho zihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezivikelwe, ngakho-ke, akunconywa ngokuqinile ukuthola abantu ababanjwe endaweni yabo yemvelo.
