Ikati elihamba egcekeni noma ezweni lihlaselwa yizinambuzane eziningi, okunye kwazo okungaba imikhaza ye-ixodid. Uma ikati lilunywe umkhaza, akusizi ngalutho ukwethuka: udinga ukwazi ukuthi kugcwele ini, nokuthi ungalisusa kanjani i-bloodsucker ngaphandle kokulimaza isilwane nomnikazi.
Umkhaza ubukeka kanjani, lapho uluma khona kaningi?
Ukubukeka kwayo kungenxa yokuthi kungokwesigaba sama-arachnids: ikhanda elincanyana namabhangqa amane emilenze kunamathiselwe emzimbeni we-oval ovikelwe yigobolondo le-chitinous. I-carapace yowesifazane ihlanganisa ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela zomzimba wakhe, okuyivumela ukuthi yelule cishe kathathu lapho igcwele.
Indoda ikhula ifike ku-2,5 mm, insikazi ifike ku-3-4 mm. Imvelo inikeze umkhaza ngedivayisi ehlakaniphile yokubhoboza isikhumba nokumunca igazi - lawa ngamazinyo abukhali, abheke emuva emathunjini omlomo. Ukulunywa kuhambisana nokwethulwa kwamathe ngomthelela wokubulala izinzwa: imboza i-proboscis, iyinamathisele ngokuqinile enxebeni. Yingakho kungenakwenzeka ukuxubha i-bloodsucker, futhi ukuhlala kwayo esilwaneni kubambezelekile kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya enyangeni.
Isinambuzane esilambile sinombala onsundu, omnyama noma onsundu, sigcwele (siphenduke ibhola) - pink, grey, red or brown... Ngemuva kokudla kakhulu, i-bloodsucker iyaphumula, futhi insikazi iyafa, njengoba ibizele amaqanda phambilini.
Okubalulekile! Uma ususekati, umkhaza uhlola indawo lapho ufuna izindawo ezisengozini enkulu, ukhetha, njengomthetho, amakhwapha, isisu, izindlebe, imilenze yangemuva noma indawo yokububula.
Lapho esethole indawo entofontofo, umuntu ongenayo usika isikhumba nge-proboscis yakhe, aqale ukumunca igazi futhi akhiphe isilungisi samathe. Lapho kutholakala i-bloodsucker ngaphambi kwesikhathi, inciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka.
Kungani umkhaza uyingozi ekati
Abantu abesabi ize imikhaza, eminye yayo (hhayi yonke!) Yithwala amagciwane ezifo eziyingozi emizimbeni yabo, kubandakanya i-typhus, ukopha komkhuhlane, i-tularemia kanye ne-encephalitis yegciwane.
Amakati asekhaya ahlupheka kakhulu kubamele uhlobo lwe-Ixode kunezinja, mhlawumbe ngenxa yendlela abaphila ngayo: akuwona wonke umnikazi avumela isilwane esilungiswe kahle ukuzulazula emagcekeni nasezikweleni.
Uma amadevu abalekele enkululekweni ebuyela ekhaya nezinambuzane ezimbalwa ezincelwayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuvele izimpawu ze-anemia ezithathelwanayo (hemabartonellosis), isifo seLyme (borreliosis), i-piroplasmosis, i-theileriosis noma ezinye izifo.
Izimbangela zesifo yizinambuzane ezilula kakhulu eziqeda amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, umnkantsha, ama-lymph node nezitho zangaphakathi zekati. Kunzima ukuxilonga izifo, yingakho ukwelashwa kwazo kubambezeleka. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa emtholampilo wezilwane ngokuhlola isampula legazi lekati elabhorethri.
Thika izimpawu zokuluma
Zingase zingaveli ngokushesha, kepha kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3. Ngabe usususile umkhaza? Gada impilo yesilwane sakho.
Ukubonakaliswa okufanele kukuxwayise:
- ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa;
- ukwenqaba ukondla nokuncipha kwesisindo okubonakalayo;
- ukukhathala, ukungabi nandaba;
- uhudo nokuhlanza, okuholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni;
- ukukhwehlela / ukuphefumula (izinkomba zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo);
- i-anemia (i-blanching yezinsini nezinye izinambuzane);
- umchamo opinki;
- yellowness nezinye oddities.
Okubalulekile! Imvamisa, ukulunywa kukodwa kubanga ukusabela okweqile, kubangele ukucasuka esikhunjeni ngisho nokugcotshwa (kuze kufike ethumba).
Okufanele ukwenze uma ikati lilunywa umkhaza
Hlola ikati elivela emgwaqeni (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sonyaka semikhaza) ngokucophelela, bese ulikama ngekama elinamazinyo avamile. Kwesinye isikhathi umkhaza ovuvukile utholakala lapho uphulula uboya futhi, uma ungenasikhathi sokuthola indawo, uyasuswa ubhujiswe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, yenza okuhlukile.
Yini ongayenza
Noma ngabe iyiphi into oyisebenzisayo, susa amagciwane kuphela ngamagilavu ukugwema ukutheleleka ngengozi. Kubaluleke kakhulu, lapho ukhipha umkhaza, hhayi ukuwuhlephula ube yizicucu, ushiye ikhanda ngaphansi kwesikhumba: lokhu kungaholela ekuvukeleni. Uma ucindezela kanzima kumuntu omunca igazi, kuzoba khona ukukhishwa okuzenzekelayo kwamathe ayingozi ngaphakathi futhi ingozi yokutheleleka izokwanda.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-Uniclean Tick Twister - lokhu okusungulwayo kufana nesipikili, okuncane kakhulu kuphela futhi kwenziwa ngepulasitiki... Ingxenye engezansi ye-teak twister inenxeba ngaphansi komkhaza, ukupheqa ngokucophelela ingxenye engenhla ngokwewashi.
Awunaso isikhathi sokuthenga iTick Twister - hlomela udlawana noma uzame ukusonta lesi silwanyana ngeminwe yakho. Gcoba indawo yokulunywa nge-green green noma i-hydrogen peroxide, bese ushisa i-bloodsucker esusiwe noma uyise emtholampilo iyohlolwa. Odokotela bazokutshela ukuthi ngabe umkhaza ungenwe yini nokuthi impilo yekati idinga ukwesatshwa yini.
Okungafanele ukwenze
Uhlu lwezenzo ezingavunyelwe:
- awukwazi ukuminyanisa umkhaza ngamafutha emifino - ifilimu icasula igazi ukuba likhulise amathe ngaphansi kwesikhumba;
- awukwazi ukugcwalisa umkhaza ngophalafini / uphuzo oludakayo - lesi silokazane ngeke sife, kodwa ngeke siphume, futhi uzomosha isikhathi kuphela;
- awukwazi ukujulisa isilonda ngemizamo yokuthola - ngale ndlela ungaletha ukutheleleka okungeziwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba;
- awukwazi ukuphonsa umucu wentambo phezu komkhaza - ngeke ufinyelele kuwo, kodwa nakanjani uzonqamula ikhanda lawo.
Imiphumela yokulunywa umkhaza
Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha amasonto ama-2-3... Ngalesi sikhathi, kubhekwa inhlalakahle ye-feline, kufaka phakathi isimilo, isifiso sokudla, umsebenzi kanye nokushisa komzimba. Uma ubona ukuphambuka, iya emtholampilo wezilwane ngokushesha, ngoba impumelelo yokwelashwa incike kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwesifo (isigaba saso), kanye nokuvikeleka kwesilwane nokusebenza kwemithi enqunyiwe.
Imikhaza “ingaklomelisa” ikati elineCytauxzoonosis (theileriosis), isifo esibi kodwa esingajwayelekile esithinta iningi lezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo. ICytauxzoon felis (izimuncagazi) zihlala egazini, isibindi, ubende, amaphaphu kanye nama-lymph node. Izimpawu zokugula zibandakanya ukukhathala okungazelelwe, i-anemia, i-jaundice, ukungathandi ukudla, ukuphefumula kanzima, nomkhuhlane omkhulu. Ukufa kwenzeka emasontweni amabili ngemuva kwezimpawu zokuqala.
Esinye isifo esingajwayelekile yi-piroplasmosis (babesiosis). Ukwelashwa kuncike emithini elwa namagciwane ukucindezela i-babesia felis, i-parasite ye-pathogenic. Uma ikati lishiywa lingalashwa, lizofa.
IHaemobartonella felis ibanga i-anemia esithathelwanayo (haemabartonellosis) esilwaneni, isifo esenza buthakathaka amasosha omzimba, kepha asiyingozi. Ukululama kwenzeka ngemuva kokwelashwa okude.
I-encephalitis ethwalwa ngamathikithi emakati
Umkhaza udlulisa igciwane, okuthi uma selingene egazini, lingene ebuchosheni. Ngesikhathi sokugula ngamazinga ahlukahlukene obukhali, indaba empunga iyavuvukala. Umphumela uba yi-edema ye-cerebral cortex nokufa kwesilwane noma izinkinga, kubandakanya ukukhubazeka, ukungaboni, nokuwa.
Abathwali be-encephalitis
Indima yabo ivame ukudlalwa yi-Ixode Persulcatus (taiga tick), ehlala ezifundeni zase-Asia nakwezinye zaseYurophu eRussia, kanye nase-Ixode Ricinus (umkhaza wehlathi laseYurophu), okhethe izindawo zawo zaseYurophu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele umndeni wakwaHaemaphysalis nabo bayakwazi ukuthelela i-encephalitis.... Lezi zibungu zihlala emahlathini ahlanzekile aseTranscaucasus, eCrimea naseMpumalanga Ekude. Usongo lokutheleleka nge-encephalitis, tularemia kanye ne-Omsk hemorrhagic fever luvela emikhakheni yohlobo lweDermacentor.
Okubalulekile! Akuwona wonke ama-bloodsuckers athwala amagciwane e-encephalitis: engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussian Federation icishe ibe ngu-2-3%, e-Far East kungaphezulu kakhulu - cishe ingxenye yesihlanu yemikhaza.
Izimpawu nokwelashwa
Isimo esibi sesifo sibonakala emakati enamakhemikhali ancishisiwe amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokulunywa. Emini, izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu: ikati lisemfuthumeni futhi liyazamazama, alisabeli ekudleni nasemanzini, isifo sohudo nokuxhuzula okuthe xaxa kuqala, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luphaphatheka, kuvele nobuhlungu bemisipha. Konke kugcina ngokudlikizela, ukukhubazeka nokuwela ku-coma.
Emakati anamasosha omzimba aqinile, lesi sifo sihlala amasonto ama-2, sikhonjiswe esigabeni sokufukamela ngobuthakathaka, ukukhuphuka okuncane (ngo-2-3 °) kwezinga lokushisa, ukuphuma emakhaleni nasemehlweni, nokwenqaba ukudla. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-9-14, ukwehluleka kwenzeka ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi: ukuqubuka nokukhubazeka kuyabonakala, isilwane silahlekelwa ngumqondo noma siwela esimweni esibucayi.
Odokotela bayazi ukuthi i-encephalitis ethwalwa umkhaza inezinketho ezintathu:
- inkambo ebucayi enemiphumela engalungiseki noma ukufa (kungakhathalekile ukuthi kunjani ukwelashwa);
- isikhathi sokufukamela, sidlulela esigabeni esibucayi nokuqala kokuxolelwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-8-14;
- isikhathi sokufukamela isikhathi eside, esigelezela esimweni esingapheli se-meningitis.
Esikhathini esibucayi sesifo, kuboniswa ukwelashwa okufaka esikhundleni, i-corticosteroids kanye nemijovo emithanjeni. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ikati lithola ama-immunostimulants, amavithamini, ama-antihistamine, ama-antipyretics, ukuqeda izinhlungu nezinciphisi.
Uma i-encephalitis iguquke yaba i-meningitis engapheli, izinkinga azinakugwenywa, futhi ukwelashwa kwesilwane kuzothatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ngokuvikela kuphela ikati ekungenelweni yimikhaza, ungaqiniseka ngempilo yayo.... Naka ngokukhethekile amakati, amakati akhulelwe nancelisayo, izilwane ezibuthakathaka - ungazivumeli ziphume endlini lapho izimbangi zegazi zihlasela emahlathini nasezikweleni.
Ama-collars afakwe isisetshenziswa esisebenzayo anconyelwa amakati ahamba njalo. I-reagent (imvamisa i-fipronil) ingena engubeni bese ixosha ama-parasites. Ikhola inezinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu:
- kungabangela ukucasuka entanyeni;
- ubuthi abufakwa ngaphandle uma ikati likwazi ukulikhotha;
- ingaphenduka indawo eklinyiwe uma isilwane siyibamba ngephutha egatsheni noma ocingweni lwamaphikethi.
Ama-systemic agents (asebenza endaweni yesicelo) afaka izifutho, kufaka phakathi i-Beafar, i-Frontline, i-Bars Forte ne-Hartz. Zifuthwa umzimba wonke, zigweme ukukhotha, kuze kube yilapho ijazi selomile.
Amaconsi ekubuneni (i-Bars Forte, i-Frontline combo namanye) asatshalaliswa entanyeni emahlombe, futhi angavumeli ikati ukuthi likhothe.
Imithi yama-anti-mite ayiqinisekisi nge-100% ukuthi i-arthropod ayihlaseli ikati lakho. Kepha, noma bebambelela eboyeni, kungenzeka banyamalale noma bafe.
Ingabe imikhaza ekati iyingozi kubantu?
Imikhaza ethelelekile efike endlini phezu kwekati ngokungangabazeki iyingozi kubantu: izimuncagazi azikhathali ukuthi igazi likabani, elakho noma elezilwane ezifuywayo, okufanele zidle ngalo. Kusukela eqinisweni lokuthi abancancisi begazi bazongena esikhaleni somnikazi, izifo abazithwele ngeke ziqale ukubabazeka.
