Ubulembu luhlobo lwemfihlo ekhiqizwa yizindlala zesicabucabu. Imfihlo enjalo, ngemuva kwesikhashana esincane ngemuva kokukhululwa, iyakwazi ukuqina ngendlela yezintambo eziqinile zamaprotheni. Iwebhu ihlukaniswa hhayi kuphela yizicabucabu, kodwa futhi nangabanye abameleli beqembu le-arachnid, kufaka phakathi ofezela namakhalane wamanga, kanye nama-labiopods.
Izicabucabu zikhiqiza kanjani ama-web
Inani elikhulu lezindlala zesicabucabu zitholakala esiswini sesicabucabu... Amapayipi ezinhlayiya ezinjalo avulekela kumashubhu amancane aphothayo, afinyelela engxenyeni yokugcina yezinsumpa ezikhethekile ze-arachnoid. Inani lamashubhu ajikelezayo lingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwesicabucabu. Isibonelo, isicabucabu esivamile esivamile sinamakhulu amahlanu aso.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ezindlala zesicabucabu, ikhiqiza imfihlo yamaprotheni ewuketshezi ne-viscous, isici sayo amandla okuqina cishe ngaso leso sikhathi ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya futhi iphenduke imicu emide emincane.
Inqubo yokuzungeza i-spider web ukucindezela izinsumpa ze-spider web ku-substrate. Ingxenye yokuqala, engabalulekile yemfihlo efihliwe iyaqinisa futhi inamathele ngokuthembekile ku-substrate, ngemuva kwalokho isicabucabu sikhipha uketshezi lwe-viscous ngosizo lwemilenze yangemuva. Ngenqubo yokususa isicabucabu endaweni yokunamathisela kuwebhu, imfihlo yamaprotheni yeluliwe futhi iqine ngokushesha. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezihlukene zezindlala zesicabucabu ziyaziwa futhi zifundwe kahle, ezikhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemicu.
Ukwakheka nezakhiwo zewebhu
I-Spider web iyinhlanganisela yamaprotheni equkethe ne-glycine, alanine ne-serine. Ingxenye yangaphakathi yemicu eyakhiwe imelelwa amakristalu aqinile amaprotheni, ubukhulu bawo abudluli ama-nanometer amaningana. Amakristalu ahlanganiswe nemisipha yamaprotheni enwebeka kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Impahla engavamile yewebhu yihenjisi layo langaphakathi. Lapho ilenga kuwebhu yesicabucabu, noma iyiphi into ingazungeziswa izikhathi ezingenamkhawulo ngaphandle kokuphotha.
Imicu eyinhloko ihlangana nesicabucabu futhi ibe yizintambo zesicabucabu ezijiyile... Amandla wewebhu asondele kunalawo enayiloni, kepha aqine kakhulu kunemfihlo yombungu kasilika. Ngokuya ngenhloso okufanele isetshenziselwe ngayo iwebhu, isicabucabu asikwazi ukugqama hhayi kuphela ngokunamathela, kepha nangomucu owomile, ubukhulu baso buhluka kakhulu.
Imisebenzi yewebhu nenhloso yayo
Ama-spider webs asetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Indawo yokukhosela, elukiwe yamacwecwe aqinile futhi athembekile, ivumela ukudala izimo ezincomekayo ze-microclimatic kuma-arthropods, futhi isebenza njengendawo yokukhosela enhle, kokubili kusuka esimweni sezulu esibi nasezitheni eziningi zemvelo. Ama-arachnid arthropods amaningi ayakwazi ukuluka izindonga zeminki yawo ngezihluthu zawo noma enze uhlobo lomnyango wendlu yokuhlala kuwo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ezinye izinhlobo zisebenzisa ubulembu njengezindlela zokuhamba, kanti izicabucabu ezisencane zishiya isidleke sabazali emicwini ende yobulembu, ethathwa ngumoya bese ihanjiswa ibanga elide.
Esikhathini esiningi, izicabucabu zisebenzisa ama-web ukweluka amanetha okunamathela okunamathelayo, okuzivumela ukuthi zibambe ngempumelelo isisulu sazo futhi zinikeze ukudla kwe-arthropod. Akudumile kangako lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yimifece yamaqanda evela kuwebhu, ngaphakathi okuvela kuyo izicabucabu ezincane.... Ezinye izinhlobo ziluka ama-spider webs ukuvikela i-arthropod ekuweni ngenkathi igxuma futhi inyakazise noma ibambe inyamazane.
I-Spider web yokuzalanisa
Isikhathi sokuzalisa sibonakala ngokukhishwa kwesicabucabu sowesifazane, esivumela ukuthola ukuhlangana okuhle kokukhwelana. Isibonelo, izicupho zesilisa ziyakwazi ukwakha, eduze kwamanetha enziwe abesifazane, izintambo zesicabucabu zokukhwelana ezincanyana, okuhehwa kuzo izicabucabu.
Izicabucabu zesilisa zesiphambano zinamathisela ngobuciko ubulembu bazo obunezingqimba ezintanjeni ezihlelwe ngobunono zamanetha wokubamba enziwe ngabesifazane. Ngokushaya iwebhu ngezitho eziqinile, abesilisa babangela inetha lidlidlize futhi, ngale ndlela engajwayelekile, bameme abesifazane ukuba bazokhwelana.
Ubulembu bokubamba inyamazane
Ukuze zibambe inyamazane yazo, izinhlobo eziningi zezicabucabu zeluka amanetha akhethekile okubamba, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kohlobo lwemicu yobulembu nobuchungechunge. Izicabucabu ezicasha ezindlini zemigede zihlela imicu yesiginali esukela esiswini se-arthropod iye khona kanye emnyango wokukhosela kwayo. Lapho isisulu siwela ogibeni, ukukhishwa kwentambo yesiginali kudluliselwa ngaso leso sikhathi kusicabucabu.
Iziteyiti zokubamba okunamathelayo zakhiwe ngesisekelo esihlukile.... Lapho sisakha, isicabucabu siqala ukweluka emaphethelweni bese sihamba kancane siye engxenyeni emaphakathi. Kulokhu, igebe elifanayo phakathi kwakho konke ukuphenduka ngokuqinisekile liyalondolozwa, okuholela kulokho okubizwa nge- "Archimedes spiral". Imicu ekuvikeleni okusizayo isikwa ngokukhethekile yisicabucabu.
Ubulembu bomshuwalense
Izicabucabu ezigxumayo zisebenzisa imicu yobulembu njengomshuwalense lapho zihlasela isisulu. Izicabucabu zinamathisela intambo yokuphepha yewebhu kunoma iyiphi into, ngemuva kwalokho i-arthropod igxumela isisulu esihlosiwe. Intambo efanayo, enamathiselwe ku-substrate, isetshenziselwa ukuhlala ubusuku bonke futhi ivikela i-arthropod ekuhlaselweni kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezitha zemvelo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ama-tarantula aseNingizimu Russia, ashiya indawo yawo yokuhlala, adonsa intambo yobulembu obucekeceke ngemuva kwawo, okukuvumela ukuthi usheshe uthole indlela ebuyela emuva noma umnyango wokukhosela uma kunesidingo.
Ubulembu njengesithuthi
Ezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu zichamisela amachwane ekwindla. Izicabucabu ezisencane ezisinde enqubeni yokukhula zizama ukukhuphuka phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka, zisebenzisa izihlahla, izihlahlana ezinde, uphahla lwezindlu nezinye izakhiwo, uthango lwale nhloso. Ngemuva kokulinda umoya onamandla ngokwanele, isicabucabu esincane sikhipha ubulembu obuncane nobude.
Ibanga lokunyakaza lixhomeke ebude bewebhu enjalo yokuthutha. Ngemuva kokulinda ukungezwani okuhle kobulembu, isicabucabu siluma ukuphela kwaso, bese sisuka ngokushesha okukhulu. Njengomthetho, "abahambi" bayakwazi ukundiza amakhilomitha amaningi kuwebhu.
Izicabucabu zesiliva zesicabucabu zisetshenziswa njengezokuthutha emanzini. Ukuzingela emizimbeni yamanzi, lesi sigcawu sidinga ukuphefumula umoya osemkhathini. Lapho yehlela ezansi, i-arthropod iyakwazi ukuthatha ingxenye yomoya, futhi kwakhiwa uhlobo lwensimbi yomoya kusuka kubulembu bezitshalo zasemanzini, ezigcina umoya futhi zivumele isicabucabu ukuzingela isisulu saso.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-spider webs ngezinhlobo zezicabucabu
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwazo, izicabucabu zingahlanganisa imicu ehlukene, okuluhlobo "lwekhadi lokuvakasha" le-arthropod.
Isicabucabu esiyindilinga
Le nguqulo yewebhu ibukeka iyinhle ngokungajwayelekile, kepha idizayini ebulalayo. Njengomthetho, iwebhu eyindilinga imisiwe ime mpo futhi inemicu ethile enamathelayo, engavumeli isinambuzane ukuba siphume kuyo. Ukwaluka kwenethiwekhi enjalo kwenziwa ngokulandelana okuthile. Esigabeni sokuqala, ifreyimu yangaphandle yenziwe, ngemuva kwalokho kubekwa imicu ye-radial kusuka engxenyeni emaphakathi kuye emaphethelweni. Imicu evunguza ilukiwe ekugcineni.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ubulembu obuzungezayo obumaphakathi naphakathi bunokuxhumeka kwamaphoyinti angaphezu kwenkulungwane, futhi kuthatha ubungcweti besicabucabu obungaphezu kwamamitha angamashumi amabili ukukwenza, okwenza isakhiwo singakhanyi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi siqine ngokumangalisayo.
Ulwazi olumayelana nokuba khona kwesisulu ogibeni olunjalo luya "kumzingeli" ngokusebenzisa imicu yesiginali ehlanganiswe ngokukhethekile. Ukuvela kwanoma ikuphi ukuphuka kuwebhu enjalo kuphoqa isicabucabu ukuba seluke iwebhu entsha. Izintambo zesicabucabu ezindala zivame ukudliwa yi-arthropods.
Iwebhu eqinile
Lolu hlobo lwewebhu luhambisana nezicabucabu ze-nephilic, ezisakazeke eSoutheast Asia. Amanethi wokudoba akhiwe yibo kaningi afinyelela kumamitha ambalwa ububanzi, futhi amandla awo enza kube lula ukuxhasa isisindo somuntu omdala.
Izicabucabu ezinjalo azigcini nje ngokubamba izinambuzane ezijwayelekile, kodwa futhi nezinye izinyoni ezincane kuwebhu yazo eqinile. Njengoba imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa, izicabucabu zalolu hlobo zingakhiqiza cishe amamitha angamakhulu amathathu kasilika wesicabucabu nsuku zonke.
Isando sewebhu lesicabucabu
Izicabucabu ezincane, eziyindilinga "zezicabucabu zemali" ziluka enye yezintambo zesicabucabu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ama-arthropod anjalo aluka amanetha ayizicaba lapho isicabucabu sitholakala khona futhi alinde isisulu sawo. Imicu ekhethekile emile yehla iye phezulu naphansi kusuka kunethiwekhi enkulu, enamathiselwe ezimileni eziseduze... Noma iziphi izinambuzane ezindizayo ngokushesha zibhajiswa ezintanjeni ezilukiwe zibheka phezulu, ngemuva kwalokho ziwele kuwebhu eyisando eyisicaba.
Ukusetshenziswa komuntu
Isintu sikopishe ukutholakala kwemvelo okuningi okwakhayo, kepha ukwelukwa iwebhu kuyinkqubo yemvelo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi akukwazanga ukuyikhiqiza ngokufanele okwamanje. Ososayensi njengamanje bazama ukwenza inqubo engokwemvelo besebenzisa i-biotechnology, ngokususelwa ekukhetheni izakhi zofuzo ezibhekele ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni akha iwebhu. Izakhi zofuzo ezinjalo zifakwa ekwakhekeni kwamaselula kwamagciwane noma imvubelo, kepha ukumodelwa kwenqubo yokuphotha uqobo lwayo akunakwenzeka njengamanje.
