I-River stingray (i-Potamotrygon motoro) uhlobo lwama-stingray avela ku-oda le-stingray.
Ukusatshalaliswa komfula i-stingray
I-stingray yomfula ivame kakhulu ezinhlelweni eziningi zemifula zaseNingizimu Melika. Ivela eBrazil e-Amazon, futhi yize ubukhona bayo buqinisekisiwe emifuleni eseNingizimu Melika, imininingwane yokusatshalaliswa kwayo ngaphandle kwe-Amazon yaseBrazil ayikaqondakali kahle. Le stingray iyatholakala nase-Uruguay, eParana, emachibini emifula phakathi kweParaguay ne-Orinoco, kufaka phakathi nendawo ephansi neRio Parana entshonalanga yeBrazil (lapho kuyizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu), ingxenye emaphakathi yeRio Uruguay, iRio Bermejo, iRio -Guapore, iRio Negro, iRio Branco, iRio de Janeiro neRio Paraguay.
Lolu hlobo lusanda kusabalala ezindaweni eziningi ezingenhla ze-Amazon Basin nakwezinye izindawo ezikude ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwedamu lokuphehla ugesi, elisuse izithiyo zemvelo zokufuduka.
Izindawo zokuhlala zomfula
Ama-stalkers omfula atholakala emifuleni yamanzi ashisayo angenasawoti anamazinga okushisa amanzi (24 ° C-26 ° C). Ukujula kwendawo okuhlala kuyo kuncike ekujuleni komfula lapho izinhlanzi zihlala khona. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi le misebe itholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-0.5-2.5 ezindaweni eziphakeme zoMfula iParana, ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-7-10 eMfuleni i-Uruguay. Abakwa-River stalkers bakhetha amanzi azolile nge-substrate enesihlabathi, ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni emifudlana namachibi, lapho bavame ukucasha khona.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zomfula i-stingray
Ama-stingray emifula ahlukile ezinhlotsheni ezisondelene ngokuba khona kwamehlo awolintshi noma aphuzi ohlangothini lwenqolobane, ngalinye lizungezwe yiringi emnyama, enobubanzi obukhulu kunale ndawo.
Umzimba umbala onsundu ngokumpunga. Umzimba uyindilinga ngomsila onamandla. Ubude obude bufinyelela ku-100 cm kanti isisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke ngu-15 kg, noma kunjalo, ama-stalkers mancane kakhulu (50-60 cm futhi anesisindo esifinyelela ku-10 kg). Abesifazane bakhudlwana kunabesilisa.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-stalker yomfula
Izikhathi zokuzala zincike ngqo kumjikelezo wamanzi emifuleni futhi zigcinwa esikhathini sonyaka owomile, esiqala ngoJuni kuya kuNovemba. Ukukhwelana kuma-stingray womfula kwakugcinwa kuphela endaweni yezinyoni, ngakho-ke, kungahle kube nokwehluka ekuzalelaneni kwabantu basendle. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Indoda idonsa insikazi futhi ibambe imihlathi yayo ngokuqinile emaphethelweni angemuva wediski layo, kwesinye isikhathi ishiye izimpawu zokuluma ezibonakalayo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi abesilisa bakhwelana nabesifazane abaningana ngezikhathi zamasonto ambalwa. Ama-stingray womfula yizinhlobo ze-ovoviviparous, amaqanda awo anobubanzi obungu-30 mm.
Owesifazane uzala inzalo izinyanga eziyisithupha, ama-stingray amancane avele ngesikhathi semvula kusuka ngoDisemba kuya kuMashi (inzalo ivela emanzini ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu). Inombolo yabo isuka ku-3 iye ku-21 futhi ihlale iyinqaba.
Imvamisa, kukodwa udoti ochanyuselwa minyaka yonke iminyaka emithathu ilandelana, kulandele iminyaka eminingi yokungasebenzi. Imibungu esemzimbeni wowesifazane ithola izakhi kumama.
Izinsikazi ezincane zivame ukuzala amawundlu ambalwa. Imvamisa ku-55% wabesilisa nabesifazane abangama-45%. Ubude bama-stingray amancane yi-96.8 mm ngokwesilinganiso. Ama-stingray amancane ngokushesha azimela, ande lapho efinyelela eminyakeni yobudala yezinyanga ezingama-20 kuya eminyakeni engu-7.5.
Imininingwane ngempilo yama-stingray asemifuleni endle ayaziwa. Lezi zinhlanzi ekuthunjweni zihlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15.
Ukuziphatha komfula stalker
Ama-stalkers emfula afudukela emfuleni nasemifudlaneni yamanzi angenasawoti. Ibanga, lapho izitinyela zomfula zihamba khona, lifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-100. Izinhlanzi zihlala zodwa, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzala. Emini ungabona ama-stingray angcwatshwe ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi. Akwaziwa noma le misebe iyizinto eziphilayo zendawo.
Ama-stingray anamehlo atholakala engxenyeni ye-dorsal yekhanda enikeza indawo yokubuka ecishe ibe ngu-360 °. Usayizi wabafundi uyehluka ngezimo zokukhanyisa. Ulayini ohlangothini onamaseli akhethekile ubona ushintsho ekucindezelekeni emanzini. Ama-stalkers emifula nawo anezinhlayiyana eziyinkimbinkimbi zamandla kagesi avumela imizwa kagesi ebucayi kakhulu ukuthola izisulu ezingabonakali emanzini.
Ngendlela efanayo, lezi zinhlanzi zithola izilwane ezizingelayo futhi zihambe endaweni ezungezile yasemanzini. Izitho zephunga zitholakala kumaphilisi we-cartilaginous phezulu kwekhanda. Ama-stingray emifula azingelwa ama-caimans nezinhlanzi ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, umgogodla onosizi, onobuhlungu emsileni uyisivikelo esibalulekile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Ukudla kwe-river stalker
Ukwakheka kokudla kwama-stingray womfula kuncike eminyakeni yemisebe nokuba khona kwesisulu emvelweni. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, ama-stingray amancane adla ama-plankton nama-juveniles, adla ama-molluscs amancane, ama-crustaceans, kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini.
Abantu abadala badla izinhlanzi (i-astianax, i-bonito), kanye nama-crustaceans, ama-gastropods, nezinambuzane zasemanzini.
Okusho umuntu
Ama-stingray womfula anesihlungu esinesihlungu esishiya amanxeba abuhlungu emzimbeni womuntu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nezigameko eziningi zokulimala kwabantu esifundeni lapho umfula iParana ugeleza khona emibikweni yesigameko. Ama-stingray womfula ayinto yokuzingelwa; abantu bendawo babamba njalo badle ama-stingray.
Isimo sokongiwa kwe-stalker yomfula
I-stingray yomfula ihlukaniswa yi-IUCN njengezinhlobo "ezingenayo idatha". Isibalo sabantu asaziwa ngokuphelele, indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo nokuhlala emanzini anodaka kwenza kube nzima ukutadisha imvelo yalezi zinhlanzi. Ezindaweni eziningi lapho kuhlala khona ama-stingray, ayikho imikhawulo ekuthekelweni kwemisebe yamanzi angenasawoti. E-Uruguay, ukuhlelwa kwezemidlalo kwama-stingray emifuleni kuhlelwe. Isidingo esiphansi salolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi njengomthombo wokudla sinomthelela ekwehleni kokubhujiswa kwemisebe yemifula emvelweni.
