Ushaka onamakhanda ayisikhombisa (Notorynchus cepedianus) uyinhlanzi eyindlala.
Ukusatshalaliswa koshaka osikiwe abanekhanda eyisicaba.
Oshaka abanamakhanda ayisishiyagalombili basatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izilwandle ngaphandle kwaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic Ocean naseLwandle iMedithera. Ububanzi buqala ukusuka eningizimu yeBrazil kuye enyakatho ye-Argentina, izingxenye eziseningizimu-mpumalanga kanye naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean. Lezi zinhlobo zikashaka zitholakala eduze kwaseNamibia eNingizimu Afrika, emanzini aseNingizimu Japan naseNew Zealand, kanye naseCanada, eChile, engxenyeni esempumalanga yesifunda sePacific. Oshaka bama-gill ayisikhombisa babhalwe e-Indian Ocean, kepha ukuthembeka kwalolu lwazi kuyangabazeka.
Indawo okuhlala kuyo ushaka onamakhanda ayisikhombisa onama-gill.
Oshaka abane-flat-headed abane-flat bayizinto zasolwandle ze-benthic ezihambisana neshalofu lezwekazi. Bahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokujula ngokuya ngosayizi. Abantu abakhulu bancamela ukuhlala ekujuleni kolwandle kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-570 futhi batholakala ezindaweni ezijulile emabhayi. Izinhlobo ezincane zigcinwa emanzini angajulile, asogwini endaweni engaphansi kwemitha eyodwa futhi zisatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezingashoni eduze kogu noma emlonyeni wemifula. Oshaka abane-flat-headed abane-flat bathanda izindawo zokuhlala ezinamadwala, yize bevame ukubhukuda basondele ezansi ezinodaka noma ezinesihlabathi. Oshaka be-Semigill bakhetha ukwenza ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane, okushelelayo cishe eduze kwe-substrate engezansi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bayabhukuda ngaphezulu.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zikashaka onekhanda eyisikhombisa ophethe isicaba.
Oshaka abane-flat-head abane-gill banama-gill slits ayisikhombisa (oshaka abaningi banamahlanu kuphela), atholakala ngaphambili komzimba eduze kwamaphiko wepectoral. Ikhanda libanzi, liyindilinga, linomphetho omfushane obuthuntu wangaphakathi, lapho kuvuleka khona umlomo obanzi, amehlo amancane acishe angabonakali. Kukhona i-dorsal fin eyodwa kuphela (oshaka abaningi banamaphiko amabili we-dorsal), itholakala kude ngemuva komzimba.
Isiphetho se-heterocercal caudal ne-anal fin sincane kune-dorsal fin. Umbala kashaka ngemuva nasemaceleni ungaba nsundu ngokubomvu, u-silvery grey noma onsundu womnqumo. Kunezindawo eziningi ezincane, ezimnyama emzimbeni. Isisu sinokhilimu. Amazinyo emihlathini engezansi afana nekamu futhi amazinyo emihlathini engenhla nawo enza umugqa ongalingani. Ubude obukhulu bungu-300 cm kanti isisindo esikhulu sifinyelela ku-107 kg. Oshaka abasanda kuzalwa bangamasentimitha angama-45 kuye kwangama-53 ngosayizi.
Ukuzala kukashaka onekhanda eyisicaba onezinhloko eziyisikhombisa.
Oshaka bokuhluza abanamakhanda aphakeme bazala ngezikhathi ezithile njalo ngonyaka. Abesifazane bathwala inzalo yabo izinyanga eziyishumi nambili futhi entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo bathuthela ezindaweni ezingashoni ukuzala gazinga.
Amaqanda aqala ukukhula ngaphakathi emzimbeni wowesifazane bese imibungu ithola izakhi zomzimba esikhwameni se-yolk.
Oshaka be-gill abayisikhombisa bazala ama-82 kuya kuma-95 gazinga, ngalinye lingama-cm angama-40 kuye kwangama-45. Phakathi neminyaka embalwa yokuqala, oshaka abancane bahlala ezindaweni ezingasogwini ezingavikelekile ezilwaneni ezizingelayo zize zikhule ngokwanele ukufudukela indawo yasolwandle. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokukhiqiza oshaka abanamakhanda ayisicaba asaziwa, kepha abesifazane kukholakala ukuthi bazala phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-25 ubudala. Zizala inzalo njalo eminyakeni emibili (njalo ezinyangeni ezingama-24). Lolu hlobo lukashaka lunenzalo ephansi, gazinga kukhulu, oshaka abancane bakhula kancane, bazala sekwephuzile, baphila isikhathi eside futhi banamazinga aphezulu okusinda. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, oshaka abancane bazondla ngokushesha, izinhlanzi ezindala azinakekeli inzalo. Imininingwane emincane iyatholakala esikhathini sokuphila koshaka bokusika abanamakhanda acabalele. Kukholakala ukuthi zihlala endle cishe iminyaka engama-50.
Ukuziphatha kukashaka onekhanda eyisikhombisa ophethe isicaba.
Oshaka abanamakhanda ayisishiyagalombili abumba amaqembu ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Ukuhamba kwabo befuna ukudla emabhayi kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla nokugeleza. Ngezikhathi zasentwasahlobo nasehlobo, izinhlanzi zibhukuda emabhishi nasezizalweni zemifula, lapho zizalela khona futhi zinikeze inzalo. Kulezi zindawo zondla kuze kufike ekwindla. Babuyela ezindaweni ezithile ngezikhathi ezithile. Oshaka abane-flat-head abane-gill banombono othuthukiswe kahle wamakhemikhali, baphinde babone ushintsho kumfutho wamanzi, futhi basabele ezinhlayiyeni ezikhokhisiwe.
Ukondliwa koshaka abanekhanda eyisicaba.
Oshaka abanamakhanda ayisishiyagalombili bayizilwane ezidla ezinye. Zizingela ama-chimera, ama-stingray, amahlengethwa nezimpawu.
Badla ezinye izinhlobo zoshaka nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinamathambo ezifana ne-herring, i-salmon, i-anoids, kanye nesidumbu, kufaka phakathi amagundane afile.
Oshaka abanamakhanda ayisishiyagalombili bangabazingeli abasezingeni eliphezulu abasebenzisa amadivayisi namasu ahlukahlukene ukubamba inyamazane yabo. Agijimisa inyamazana ngamaqembu noma ngokuqamekela, aqeqeze kancane bese ehlasela ngejubane elikhulu. Umhlathi ongezansi unamazinyo agudle amazinyo, kanti amazinyo emihlathini engenhla afakwa isiseji, okuvumela lab 'oshaka ukuthi badle izilwane ezinkulu. Lapho isilwane siluma isisulu saso, amazinyo emihlathini engezansi, njengehange, abamba isisulu. Ushaka uhambisa ikhanda lakhe emuva naphambili ukusika izingcezu zenyama ngamazinyo aphezulu. Uma igcwele, inhlanzi igaya ukudla amahora amaningana noma izinsuku. Isidlo esinamandla kangaka sivumela ushaka ukuthi angasebenzisi amandla akhe ukuzingela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Inyanga ngayinye, ushaka omdala we-gill eyisikhombisa udla okweshumi kwesisindo sayo ekudleni.
Indima ye-ecosystem ka-shark-ekhanda eyisikhombisa ephethe isicaba.
Oshaka abanohlonze abano-gill ayisikhombisa bayizilwane ezidla ubhedu ezihlala phezulu kwephiramidi lezemvelo. Kunolwazi oluncane ngemiphumela yemvelo yokudalwa kwalezi zinhlobo. Zizingelwa oshaka abakhulu: umkhomo omkhulu omhlophe nombulali.
Okusho umuntu.
Oshaka abanama-gill ayisishiyagalombili abanamakhanda anekhwalithi ephezulu yenyama, okwenza babe uhlobo lwezohwebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bendawo basebenzisa isikhumba senhlanzi esiqinile, futhi isibindi siyinto eluhlaza yokwenziwa kwemithi.
Oshaka bokuqhekeza abanamakhanda aphathekayo banamandla okuba yingozi kubantu emanzini avulekile. Kubhalwe phansi ukuhlaselwa kwabo ngabatshuzi abasogwini lwaseCalifornia naseNingizimu Afrika. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lolu lwazi aluqinisekisiwe, kungenzeka ukuthi babengoshaka bezinhlobo ezihlukile.
Isimo sokongiwa koshaka osikiwe abanekhanda eyisicaba.
Kunemininingwane enganele yokufakwa kukashaka osikiwe ophethe isicaba kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN ukuphetha ngokuthi kunezinsongo eziqondile noma ezingaqondile endaweni yalolu hlobo. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka eminye imininingwane ukuze kucaciswe isimo sikashaka osikiwe abanekhanda eyisicaba.
