Idada lase-Afrika (i-Oxyura maccoa) lingelomndeni wedada, i-Anseriformes oda. Incazelo ethi 'maccoa' ivela egameni lesifunda 'iMacau' eChina futhi ayilungile ngoba idada luhlobo lwamadada atholakala e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara kepha hhayi e-Asia.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zedada lase-Afrika.
Idada lase-Afrika yidada lokuntywila elinomsila omnyama oqinile, ongathi ubambelele ngaphezulu kwamanzi noma uliphakamise lime liqonde. Ubukhulu bomzimba bube ngamasentimitha angama-46 - 51. Yilolu hlobo kuphela lwamadada anomsila ongaguquki onjalo esifundeni. Eyeduna enezimpaphe ezizalanayo inomlomo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpaphe zomzimba yi-chestnut. Ikhanda limnyama. Insikazi neyeduna ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokufukamela zihlukaniswa ngomlomo onsundu onsundu, umphimbo okhanyayo nezimpaphe ezinsundu zomzimba nekhanda, ezinemivimbo ephaphathekile ngaphansi kwamehlo. Azikho ezinye izinhlobo ezifana nedada ebangeni.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwedada lase-Afrika.
Idada linezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Abantu basenyakatho basakazekela e-Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya naseTanzania. Futhi naseCongo, Lesotho, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda.
Abantu basemzansi batholakala e-Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa naseZimbabwe. INingizimu Afrika iyikhaya lemihlambi emikhulu yamadada esuka kubantu abangama-4500-5500.
Izici zokuziphatha kwedada lase-Afrika.
Idada elincanyana livame ukuhlala, kepha ngemuva kokufukamela, lenza iminyakazo emincane lapho lifuna indawo yokuhlala efanele ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile. Lolu hlobo lwamadada aluhambi ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-500.
Ukuzalela nokwakha isidleke sedada lase-Afrika.
Izinhlobo zedada eNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Ephreli, ngenani eliphakeme ngesikhathi semvula kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha enyakatho yebanga kwenzeka ngazo zonke izinyanga, futhi, njengokujwayelekile, kuya ngenani lemvula.
Izinyoni ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke zihlala ngazimbili ezihlukene noma ngamaqembu amancane, ngobuningi babantu abangafika kwabangu-30 kumahektha ayi-100.
Indoda ivikela indawo engamamitha-skwele angama-900. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ulawula indawo lapho izidleke zezinsikazi eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, kuze kube ngamadada ayisishiyagalombili, futhi abesifazane banakekela konke ukuzalanisa. Indoda idudula amanye amaduna, futhi ihehe abesifazane endaweni yayo. AmaDrake ancintisana nomhlaba nasemanzini, izinyoni ziyahlaselwa zishaye ngamaphiko azo. Abesilisa bakhombisa ukusebenza kwendawo nokusebenza izinyanga okungenani ezine. Izinsikazi zakha isidleke, zibekele amaqanda bese ziyafukamela, zihole amantshontsho amadada. Kokunye, amadada alala esidlekeni esisodwa, bese kuthi oyedwa wesifazane afukamele, ngaphezu kwalokho, idada lase-Afrika lizalela amaqanda ezidlekeni zezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wedada. I-parasitism yokwakha izidleke ejwayelekile kudada lase-Afrika, amadada aphonsela amaqanda hhayi ezihlotsheni zawo kuphela, abuye abeke nasezidlekeni zamadada ansundu, amahansi aseGibhithe kanye nokudilika emanzini. Isidleke sakhiwa ngowesifazane ezimileni zasogwini njengomhlanga, i-cattail noma i-sedge. Ibukeka njengesitsha esikhulu futhi yakhiwa ngamaqabunga agobile omhlanga womhlanga noma umhlanga, otholakala kumasentimitha angu-8 - 23 ngenhla kwezinga lamanzi.Nokho isalokhu isengozini yezikhukhula.
Kwesinye isikhathi izidleke zamadada ase-Afrika ezidlekeni ezindala ze-coot (iFulik cristata) noma zakha isidleke esisha esidlekeni esishiyiwe se-crested grebe. Kukhona amaqanda ayi-2-9 ku-clutch, iqanda ngalinye lizalelwa ngekhefu elilodwa noma amabili ezinsukwini. Uma kubekwa amaqanda angaphezu kwesishiyagalolunye esidlekeni (kwarekhodwa kufika ku-16), lokhu kungumphumela wokuphazamiseka kwesidleke kwamanye abesifazane. Insikazi ifukamela izinsuku ezingama-25-27 ngemuva kokuphothula i-clutch. Uchitha cishe isikhathi sakhe esingama-72% esidlekeni futhi ulahlekelwa amandla amaningi. Ngaphambi kokwakha isidleke, idada kufanele liqoqe ungqimba lwamafutha ngaphansi kwesikhumba, okungaphezu kwesisindo somzimba walo esingaphezu kwama-20%. Ngaphandle kwalokho, owesifazane akunakwenzeka ukuthi akwazi ukumelana nesikhathi sokufukamela, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ashiye i-clutch.
Amantshontsho amadada ashiya isidleke ngemuva nje kokuchanyuselwa futhi angatshuza abhukude. Idada lihlala nenkukhu amanye amasonto ama-2-5. Ekuqaleni, igcina iseduze nesidleke futhi ichithe ubusuku namachwane endaweni ehlala njalo. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, amadada anamakhanda amhlophe ase-Afrika akha imihlambi efinyelela kubantu abayi-1000.
Izindawo zokuhlala zedada lase-Afrika.
Idada ledada lihlala emachibini anamanzi ahlanzekile esikhashana futhi ahlala ngaphakathi ezweni phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa, lithanda labo abacebile ngama-invertebrate amancane nezinto eziphilayo, kanye nohlaza oluningi oluvelayo olufana nomhlanga kanye ne-cattails. Izindawo ezinjalo zikulungele kakhulu ukwakha izidleke. Ama-duckweed akhetha izindawo ezinamanzi ezinodaka kanye nohlaza oluncane lokuntanta, ngoba lokhu kunikeza izimo zokudla ezingcono. Amadada abuye azalele emachibini okufakelwa njengamachibi amancane aseduzane namapulazi aseNamibia namachibi endle. Idada elinekhanda elimhlophe lase-Afrika elizulazula ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalanisa emachibini amakhulu, ajulile kanye nasemachibini amunyu. Ngesikhathi se-molting, amadada ahlala emachibini amakhulu kakhulu.
Ukudla kwedada.
Idada londla ikakhulukazi ama-invertebrate angama-benthic, kufaka phakathi izibungu zempukane, ama-tube beetle, i-daphnia nama-molluscs amancane angenasawoti. Baphinde badle ulwelwe, imbewu ye-knotweed, nezimpande zezinye izitshalo zasemanzini. Lokhu kudla kutholakala ngamadada lapho kudonswa noma kuqoqwa ezigcawini ze-benthic. Izizathu zokwehla kwesibalo sedada lase-Afrika.
Njengamanje, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlobo zabantu kanye nezinsongo kudada wase-Afrika abuqondakali kahle.
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla, njengoba lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi ludla kakhulu ama-invertebrates ngakho-ke, lusengozini enkulu ekuqoqeni okungcolisayo kunezinye izinhlobo zedada. Ukulahleka kwendawo okuhlala kuyo ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi nokuguqulwa kwamaxhaphozi nakho kuyisongo esikhulu kwezolimo, njengoba izinguquko ezisheshayo emazingeni amanzi ezibangelwa izinguquko zomhlaba ezifana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kungayilimaza kakhulu imiphumela yokuzalanisa. Kukhona izinga lokufa eliphakeme kusuka ekubanjweni ngengozi kumanetha we-gill. Ukuzingela nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukuncintisana nezinhlanzi ezifakiwe ezisezingeni eliphansi kubeka engcupheni enkulu indawo yokuhlala.
Izindlela zokuvikela imvelo.
Inani eliphelele labantu bohlobo oluthile lincipha ngezinga eliphansi. Ukuvikela idada, amaxhaphozi amakhulu kufanele avikelwe engcupheni yokuguqulwa kwamanzi noma ukuguqulwa kwendawo. Ithonya lokungcola kwemizimba yamanzi enanini lamadada kufanele linqunywe. Vimbela ukudubula kwezinyoni. Nciphisa ushintsho lwendawo yokuhlala uma ungenisa izitshalo ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Hlola umthelela wokuncintisana ekufuyeni izinhlanzi emizimbeni yamanzi. Isimo sezinhlobo ezivikelekile sedada eBotswana sidinga ukubuyekezwa futhi sivunyelwe kwamanye amazwe lapho idada okwamanje lingavikelekile khona. Kunosongo olukhulu endaweni yokuhlala izilwane ezindaweni lapho kunokwakhiwa okwandisiwe kwamachibi okufakelwa anamadamu emapulazini ezolimo.
