Ufezela ophuzi (Leiurus quinquestriatus) noma umzingeli obulalayo ungowe-scorpion oda, isigaba se-arachnid.
Ukusabalalisa ufezela ophuzi.
Ofezela abaphuzi basatshalaliswa engxenyeni esempumalanga yesifunda sasePalaearctic. Zitholakala eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika. Indawo yokuhlala iqhubekela phambili ngasentshonalanga kuya e-Algeria naseNiger, eningizimu yeSudan, nasentshonalanga ekude kakhulu kuya eSomalia. Bahlala kuyo yonke iMiddle East, kufaka phakathi inyakatho yeTurkey, i-Iran, i-Oman eseningizimu neYemen.
Indawo yokuhlala nofezela ophuzi.
Ofezela abaphuzi bahlala ezifundeni ezomile nezomile kakhulu. Imvamisa zicasha ngaphansi kwamatshe noma emigodini elahliwe yezinye izilwane, futhi zizenzele eyazo imisele engaba ngu-20 cm ukujula.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zofezela ophuzi.
Ofezela abaphuzi bangama-arachnid amakhulu anobuthi asukela ngosayizi osuka ku-8.0 kuye ku-11.0 cm kanti anesisindo esisuka ku-1.0 kuye ku-2.5 g. Anekhava eliphuzi eliphuzi elinamabala ansundu engxenyeni ye-V kwesinye isikhathi egobolondweni nase-tergites. I-ventro-lateral carina inikezwa ama-lobes ayindilinga ama-3 - 4, kuthi i-arch anal ine-lobes eyindilinga e-3. Phezulu kwekhanda kukhona ipheya elilodwa lamehlo amakhulu aphakathi nendawo futhi kaningi ngazimbili ngamehlo ezi-2 kuye kwezi-5 zamehlo emakhoneni angaphambili ekhanda. Kunamabhangqa amane emilenze yokuhamba. Esiswini kunezakhiwo ezifana nokhalo.
"Umsila" oguquguqukayo ubizwa ngokuthi yi-metasoma futhi uqukethe izingxenye ezi-5, ekugcineni kukhona umgogodla onobuthi obukhali. Kuyo kuvuleka amapayipi endlala ekhipha ubuthi. Itholakala engxenyeni evuvukile yomsila. I-Chelicerae ngamazipho amancane, adingekayo ekukhishweni kokudla nasekuvikelweni.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kofezela ophuzi.
Ukuqomisana nokudluliswa kuketshezi lwesidoda ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kofezela abaphuzi kuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Owesilisa umboza insikazi ngama-pedipalps, futhi ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo kofezela abakhiyiwe kufana kakhulu "nomdanso" ohlala imizuzu eminingana. Abesilisa nabesifazane badonsana, babambelela kuzipho futhi bawele "imisila" ephakanyisiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa uphonsa i-spermatophore ku-substrate efanelekile bese edlulisela isidoda ekuvulekeni kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ngemuva kwalokho laba bafezela bakhasa ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Ama-scorpions aphuzi ama-arachnids e-viviparous.
Imibungu iyakhula emzimbeni wowesifazane izinyanga ezine, ithola ukondleka esithweni esifana nesibeletho. Insikazi izala izingane izinsuku eziyi-122 - 277. Ofezela abancane banosayizi abakhulu ngokwedlulele bomzimba, inani labo lisukela kubantu abangama-35 kuye kwabangu-87. Zimhlophe ngombala futhi zivikelwe ngumbungu
shell, bese ilahlwa.
Izici ezithile zokunakekelwa kwenzalo koofezela abaphuzi azifundiswanga. Kodwa-ke, ezinhlotsheni ezihlobene kakhulu, ofezela abancane bakhuphukela emhlane wesifazane ngokushesha lapho bevela. Bahlala emihlane yabo kuze kube yi-molt yokuqala, ngokuba ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okuthembekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, owesifazane ulawula izinga lomswakama elidingekayo ukufaka ikhava endala ye-chitinous.
Ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala, ofezela abancane baba nobuthi. Bayakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela ukudla futhi bazivikele. Kukho konke ukuphila kwabo, ofezela abancane abaphuzi baba nama-molts ayi-7-8, ngemuva kwalokho bayakhula futhi bafana nofezela abadala. Bahlala emvelweni iminyaka engaba ngu-4, ekuthunjweni ngaphansi kwezimo eziseduze nezemvelo, baphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25.
Ukuziphatha kwe-scorpion ophuzi.
Ama-scorpions aphuzi asebusuku, okusiza ekushiseni okuphezulu nokuntuleka kwamanzi. Baye bavumelana nezimo ukuze baphile ezindaweni ezomile. Abantu abaningi bamba izimbobo emhlabathini. Zinemizimba eyisicaba, evumela ukuthi zicashe emifantwini emincane, ngaphansi kwamatshe nangaphansi kwamagxolo.
Yize ofezela abaphuzi benamehlo amaningi, ukubona kwabo akulungile ngokwanele ukubheka inyamazane. Ama-Scorpions asebenzisa umqondo wabo wokuthinta ukuzulazula nokuzingela, kanye nama-pheromones nezinye izitho. Zinezakhiwo ezincanyana ezifana nezicucu ezinyaweni zezinyawo zazo okuyizitho zemizwa ezisiza ukuthola ukudlidlizela ebusweni besihlabathi noma inhlabathi. Lezi zitho zihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nokuhamba kokuhamba kanye nebanga lezisulu ezingaba khona. Ama-Scorpios angasebenzisa futhi ukudlidliza ukukhomba abangahle babe ngabalingani ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha insikazi yokuzalanisa.
Ukondla okuphuzi kofezela.
Ama-scorpions aphuzi adla izinambuzane ezincane, ama-centipedes, izicabucabu, izibungu nezinye izifutho.
Ama-Scorpios athola futhi abambe inyamazane esebenzisa umuzwa wawo wokuthinta nokudlidliza.
Bacasha ngaphansi kwamatshe, ngamagxolo, ngokhuni, noma phakathi kwezinye izinto zemvelo, balindele inyamazane yabo. Ukubamba inyamazane, ofezela basebenzisa izikhonkwane zabo ezinkulu ukuchoboza isisulu futhi bakulethe ekuvuleni umlomo. Izinambuzane ezincane zishwabadelwa ziphelele, bese kubekwa inyamazane enkulu emgodini wangaphambi komlomo, lapho kugaywa khona kuqala bese kungena kuphela emgodini womlomo. Lapho kukhona ukudla okuningi, ofezela abaphuzi bagcwalisa isisu uma kungenzeka babhujiswe yindlala, futhi bangadla izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngokwanda kwesibalo sabantu ezindaweni zokuhlala, amacala odla inyama aba maningi, ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe inani elilungile labantu abakwazi ukondla ezimweni ezomile. Okokuqala, ofezela abancane bayabhujiswa bese kuhlala abantu abakhulu, abakwaziyo ukuzala inzalo.
Okusho umuntu.
Ofezela abaphuzi banesihlungu esinamandla futhi bangezinye zezinhlobo zofezela eziyingozi kakhulu eMhlabeni.
IChlorotoxin, into enobuthi, yaqale yahlukaniswa nobuthi bofezela abaphuzi futhi isetshenziselwa ucwaningo lokwelapha umdlavuza.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi luyenziwa futhi kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwezinye izinto zoshevu ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela, ama-neurotoxin asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ama-scorpions aphuzi yizibonakalisi ezigcina ukulinganisela kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinto eziphilayo, njengoba zakha iqembu elikhulu lama-arthropods adlayo ezindaweni eziphilayo ezomile. Ukunyamalala kwabo ezindaweni zokuhlala kuvame ukukhombisa ukonakala kwendawo. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwamagciwane angenamgogodla womhlaba, phakathi kwawo ofezela abaphuzi abayisixhumanisi esibalulekile.
Isimo sokonga ufezela ophuzi.
I-scorpion ephuzi ayinayo isilinganiso se-IUCN ngakho-ke ayinakho ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni. Isatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezithile futhi ububanzi bayo bunqunyelwe. Ufezela ophuzi usongelwa ngokwengeziwe ngokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo nokubanjwa ukuze kuthengiswe emaqoqweni angasese nasekwenzeni izikhumbuzo. Lezi zinhlobo zofezela zisongelwa ubukhulu bomzimba wazo kofezela abancane ezikhula kancane kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bafa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ukufa kuphakeme koofezela abadala kunasezimfanelweni zabantu abaneminyaka ephakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ofezela ngokwabo bavamise ukubhubhisana. Kukhona izinga lokufa eliphakeme phakathi kwabesifazane abangakathuthuki, okuthinta kabi ukukhiqizwa kohlobo.
