Ukhozi waseChile (i-Accipiter chilensis) ungowe-oda le-Falconiformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zoKlebe
Ukhozi waseChile ungusayizi wama-42 cm futhi unamaphiko angama-59 kuye kuma-85 cm.
Isisindo esivela ku-260 amagremu.
Umbala wendiza yale nyoni edla inyama ujwayelekile kwi-Accipitriné, enomzimba omncane futhi emilenze emide, ephuzi. Izimpaphe zezinyoni ezindala zimnyama phezulu, isifuba sinompunga, isisu sinemigqa emnyama egcwele. Umsila umhlophe ngaphansi. Izimpaphe ezingenhla zinsundu ngemigqa emihlanu noma eyisithupha. Iris iphuzi. Owesilisa nowesifazane babukeka ngokufana.
Izinyoni ezisencane zinezimpaphe ezinsundu ngokukhanyiselwa kokhilimu engxenyeni engenhla.
Isifuba silula, isisu sinemivimbo eminingi emi mpo. Umsila awudluli phezulu, okwenza imichilo yomsila ingabonakali kangako. Ukhozi lwaseChile lwehlukile kunempungushe efanayo enemibala emibili ngokungabi bikho kwesigaba esinombala omnyama kanye nesigaba esiphakathi kumbala wezimpaphe, ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpaphe zalo zinemithambo eminingi ngezansi.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseChilean
Ama-hawk aseChile ahlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini apholile. Kaningi kangako, zingabonakala ezindaweni ezomile zamahlathi, emapaki, emahlathini ahlanganisiwe nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Ngokuzingela, bahambela nezindawo ezinezihlahlana ezincane, amadlelo kanye nezindawo zezolimo. Zibonakala, njengomthetho, phakathi kwamathafa, ukwakheka kwawo okuguqulwe kakhulu, okungabavimbeli ekuvakasheni amapaki nezingadi zedolobha ngezikhathi ezithile. Ama-hawk aseChilean adinga indawo enkulu enezinkuni enamahektha angama-200.
Ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, izidumbu zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinkulu ezine-beech eseningizimu (i-Nothofagus). Babekezelela kahle amathonya we-anthropogenic. Ama-hawk aseChilean atholakala ezindaweni lapho kusinde khona izihlahla ezindala ezinkulu. Bayazithokozela nezindawo lapho ihlathi elihlangana khona libe yizihlahla ezinkulu zoqalo. Futhi bahlala emasimini ephayini enziwe ngabantu.
Ukhozi lwaseChile lwasakazeka
Ama-hawk aseChilean ahlala echosheni eliseningizimu yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika. Indawo abahlala kuyo ifinyelela ezifundeni ze-Andes, ezisuka enkabeni yeChile nentshonalanga ye-Argentina ziye eTierra del Fuego. Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama kusukela olwandle kuze kufike kumamitha angama-2700, kepha hhayi kaningi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000. E-Argentina, umngcele wokusabalalisa osenyakatho useduze nesifundazwe saseNeuquen, eChile esifundeni saseValparaiso. Ukhozi lwaseChilean luhlobo lwe-monotypic futhi alwakhi ama-subspecies.
Izici zokuziphatha kukaklebe waseChile
Emini, oklebe baseChile bathanda ukuhlala emagatsheni angaphakathi kwendawo yabo. Basuka kwenye indawo baye kwenye endaweni ephansi. Ezifundeni lapho kuthinteka khona umthelela we-anthropogenic, ziya ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu, zikhombisa ukuqaphela okukhulu. Lezi zinyoni azikaze ziveze ubukhona bazo ngezimpawu zezwi. Amabili abunjwa kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa bese ebola. Akwaziwa noma lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lunobudlelwano obungapheli phakathi kwabalingani ngezikhathi ezithile ezilandelanayo, noma zihlala isikhathi esisodwa kuphela, amaphuphu ngeke achamusele. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa benza izindiza zokubonisa. Icebo eliphawuleka kakhulu ukukhushulwa okuphindwe kabili okubukeka njengenombolo eyisishiyagalombili mpo.
Akekho owaziyo ukuthi zingaki izindlela ezahlukahlukene uklebe waseChile wokubamba inyamazane.
Lo mzingeli onezimpaphe ukhombisa ikhono elikhulu nokunyakaza okuhle kakhulu kokubamba inyamazane yakhe ngenkathi eqhubeka emoyeni. Ubamba kahle ukubamba izinambuzane ezinkulu ezindiza phezulu. Ekugcineni, uklebe waseChile ubekezela impela, futhi uyakwazi ukulinda isikhathi eside kuze kuvele esinye isisulu. Yize insikazi neyesilisa zizingela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane, kwesinye isikhathi zithola ukudla ndawonye ngesikhathi sonyaka wokuzala.
Ukuzalanisa oklebe baseChilean
Ama-hawk ase-Chile azala ngesikhathi sehlobo eningizimu yezwe. Amabili aqala ukwakheka maphakathi no-Okthoba, futhi le nqubo iqhubeka cishe kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka.
Isidleke siyipulatifomu eyi-oval, ubude bayo buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-80 kanti ububanzi busuka kumasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-60. Uma sakhiwe nje, asijule ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25. Uma isidleke esidala sisetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana ilandelana, khona-ke ukujula kwaso kucishe kwaphindwa kabili. Lesi sakhiwo esihlangene sakhiwe ngamahlumela omile kanye nezingcezu zokhuni ezisondelene kakhulu. Isidleke sivame ukutholakala phakathi kwamamitha ayi-16 kuya kwangama-20 ngaphezulu komhlaba, kwimfoloko egatsheni kusuka esiqwini esiphezulu sesihlahla esikhulu. Izikhukhula zaseChile zikhetha ukwakha isidleke ku-beech eseningizimu. Izidleke kwesinye isikhathi zisetshenziswa kabusha izinkathi eziningana zilandelana, kepha ngokuvamile, izinyoni zakha isidleke esisha unyaka nonyaka.
Kukhona amaqanda ama-2 noma ama-3 ku-clutch, njengoba kunjalo ngabamele abaningi be-accipitridés.
Amaqanda ayahluka ngombala kusuka kokumhlophe kuye kokumpunga okukhanyayo. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-21. Ukuzalela amaphuphu kwenzeka ngoZibandlela. Amachwane amancane avele ngemuva konyaka omusha kuze kufike uFebhuwari. Izinyoni ezindala zivikela ngamandla indawo yazo kwizilwane ezindizayo, kufaka phakathi iButeo polyosoma. Lapho lesi silwane esiyingozi sisondela esidlekeni, amaphuphu afihla ikhanda.
Ngokungafani namanye amalungu omndeni, lapho kuhlala khona iphuphu elilodwa kuphela, oklebe baseChile bondla amatshwele amabili noma amathathu kuwo, asinda aze ashiye isidleke.
Ukudla kwe-hawk yaseChile
Ama-hawk aseChilean adla cishe izinyoni kuphela, ezakha ngaphezu kuka-97% wokudla. Zikhetha izinyoni ezincane ezidlulayo ezihlala ehlathini, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 zibhekwa njengezisulu zazo. Ama-hawk aseChilean nawo aphanga ku:
- amagundane,
- ezihuquzelayo,
- izinyoka ezincane.
Kodwa-ke, izidumbu zaseChile zikhetha izinyoni zehlathi ezihlala eduze kakhulu nomhlabathi ezindaweni ezinezihlahla. Ngokuya ngesifunda, inyamazane yabo ama-goldfinches, i-white-crested elenia, ne-thrush eseningizimu.
Isimo sokongiwa kukaklebe waseChile
Ngenxa yokuziphatha kwayo okuyimfihlo nokuhlala ehlathini, i-biology ye-hawk yaseChile ayiqondakali kangako. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezidla inyama luvame kakhulu endaweni yaseCape Horn. Epaki likazwelonke, elitholakala kule ndawo, ukuminyana kwezinyoni kuvame ukufika kubantu abane ngekhilomitha-skwele ngalinye. Kwezinye izindawo, uklebe waseChilean uvame kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zikhetha indawo yokuhlala yehlathi kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi lingakanani inani labantu. Ukhozi lwaseChile lubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile. I-IUCN inikeza ukuhlolwa okwehlukile, isacubungula uklebe waseChile njengama-subspecies we-bicolor hawk.
