IDayimane cichlazoma (lat. Herichthys cyanoguttatus, phambilini eyayiyiCichlasoma cyanoguttatum) iyi-cichlid enobudlova enkulu, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngokwemvelo, ihlala emifuleni yaseTexas (ngokwesibonelo, iRio Grande) nasenyakatho neMexico.
Imvamisa le nhlanzi ididaniswa nolunye uhlobo - iGeophagus brasiliensis, kepha lezi izinhlanzi ezimbili ezihlukene kanti igeophagus yaziwa kangcono njenge pearl cichlazoma.
IDayimane cichlazoma ingenye yama-cichlids anolaka futhi amakhulu, acishe afane ne-Managuan cichlazoma. Ubude bufinyelela ku-30 cm, okungaphezulu kosayizi omaphakathi wase-Afrika, nama-cichlids amaningi aseMelika. Kepha, e-aquarium, kuvame ukuba ngaphansi, cishe ngama-20 cm.
Yize inentukuthelo enobudlova, indawo nobukhulu bayo, icichlazoma inabalandeli abaningi phakathi kwama-aquarists. Bayakhangwa yiqiniso lokuthi ingelinye lama-cichlids anemibala ecebe kakhulu, futhi ngokuziqhenya bawabonisa ezindaweni zabo ezinkulu zezinhlanzi zasemanzini.
Banokuziphatha okujwayelekile kwe-cichlid, okungukuthi, bamba umhlabathi, baphathe amatshe kanye nohlalu, bese bakhipha izitshalo. Le yinhlanzi ehlakaniphile kakhulu ebona umnikazi wayo futhi, lapho isondela, ibuka ingilazi engaphambili.
Enye yezinzuzo ze-diamond cichlaz ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukuzala.
Kodwa-ke, ngasikhathi sinye, banendawo enkulu kakhulu, banolaka, futhi abakwazi ukuyimela lapho othile engena endaweni yabo. Bahlasela izitshalo, ukuhlobisa, imishini ye-aquarium, ngisho nesandla somnikazi, ngakho-ke into enhle kakhulu ukuzigcina zihlukile, ngaphandle kwezitshalo nemishini entekenteke.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Idayimane noma iparele cichlazoma laqala ukuchazwa ngo-1854. Ihlala eNyakatho Melika, lapho itholakala khona emifuleni nasemachibini aseTexas nasenyakatho yeMexico.
Yiyo kuphela i-cichlid emvelweni ehlala e-United States ngaphandle kokwethulwa noma ukujwayelwa. Manje uhla lwakhe selukhulile, futhi ngaphandle kweTexas naye uhlala eFlorida, naseMfuleni iVerde esifundeni iLa Media Luna, eMexico.
Ithanda izindawo ezifudumele emachibini nasemifuleni, lapho icasha khona phakathi kwezitshalo nezimpintshi enhlabathini enesihlabathi ifuna ukudla. Izinhlanzi, izibungu, izinambuzane nezitshalo kusebenza njengokudla.
Ukudubula ngaphansi kwamanzi emvelweni:
Incazelo
I-cichlazoma inomzimba onamandla, omise okweqanda. Ingafinyelela kuma-30 cm ubude, kepha abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa. Kepha, e-aquarium, kuvame ukuba ngaphansi, cishe ngama-20 cm.
Isilinganiso sobude bempilo iminyaka eyi-10, kepha singakhuphukela ku-15.
Umzimba uyimpunga yensimbi, unamachashazi amaningi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka afana namapharele. Izinhlanzi ezindala zinamabala amabili amnyama, elinye maphakathi nomzimba kanti elinye lingaphansi kwesiphetho se-caudal.
Ama-juveniles anezindawo eziningana eziphakathi. Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili baba nesigaxa esinamafutha ebunzini.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Ukugcina idayimane akunzima, akunasizotha futhi kudla cishe yonke into. Kepha, le nhlanzi akuyona eyama-novice aquarists!
Angaba nolaka komakhelwane bakhe, futhi angonakalisa noma iyiphi i-aquarium egcinwe kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugcwele kakhulu lapho edla, futhi udinga isihlungi esinamandla nokushintshwa kwamanzi njalo.
Ukondla
Ama-omnivores, ama-cichlazomas adla zonke izinhlobo zokudla okuphilayo, okufriziwe nokufakelwayo. Zikhula zibe nkulu futhi zingadla izikelemu zomhlaba nokudla okukhulu okwenziwe ngezinhlanzi, amakhilikithi.
Ngokwemvelo, nazo ziyazidla izinhlanzi, ezinjenge-guppies kanye ne-veil-tails. Futhi-ke, ukudla okujwayelekile - imisundu yegazi, i-tubifex, imfanzi nezimbaza.
Njengoba ngesikhathi sokudla zigcwala udoti kakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, izikali zindiza zisuka ezinhlanzi kuyo yonke i-aquarium), kungcono ukuzondla kabili ngosuku, ngezingxenye ezincane.
Zama ukungabondli inyama yezilwane ezincelisayo, njengenhliziyo yenkomo. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha namaprotheni enyameni enjalo kuholela ekukhuluphaleni nasekulimaleni kwezitho zangaphakathi zezinhlanzi.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Ngenhlanzi eyodwa udinga okungenani i-aquarium engu-200-litre, nakumbhangqwana osuvele unamalitha angama-400-450. Vele, ama-aquarists amaningi uwagcina ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu, kepha bayamangala ukuthi kungani izinhlanzi zabo zingakhuli zibe nkulu njengalabo ababaziyo.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ezinhlanzi ezinkulu, i-aquarium enkulu nayo iyadingeka, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke ifinyelele usayizi wayo omkhulu.
Qiniseka ukuthi njalo ubeka amanye amanzi ngamanzi amasha, bese usebenzisa isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle. Ngaphezu kokuthi zingcole kakhulu ngenkathi kudliwa, amadayimane athanda nokumba emhlabathini, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubeka ungqimba olukhudlwana phansi.
Ukuthi izoba yinhlabathi enjani akubalulekile kangako, kepha isihlabathi noma amatshe amnandi angcono. Noma kunjalo, izitshalo eziningi ngeke zikwazi ukuhlala e-aquarium efanayo nama-cichlazomas edayimane, azombiwa noma adliwe.
Isixazululo esingaba khona yizinhlobo ezinkulu nezinamakhasi alukhuni atshalwe ezimbizeni. Isibonelo, i-Anubias enkulu noma i-Echinodorus.
Ngenkathi ama-cichlid amaningi ethanda izindawo zokucasha, awabalulekile kangako kuma-pearl cichlids, adinga isikhala esithe xaxa sokubhukuda, kepha izindawo zokucasha kufanele zibe. Lokhu kungaba yimhume, izinkuni zokukhukhumeza, amatshe amakhulu, izimbiza, njll.
Yize bechitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ngezansi, kwesinye isikhathi bangagxuma baphume ethangini, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukumboza.
Kubaluleke kakhulu kumapharamitha wamanzi, kepha izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe liphansi - 22-24C, ph: 6.5-8.0, 8-15 dGH.
Ukuhambisana
IDiamond cichlazoma akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu ye-aquarium ejwayelekile futhi kungakuhle ukuthi uyigcine ku-aquarium evulekile njengezithandani noma zizodwa. Vele, okuningi kuncike ezimweni zokugcina, ivolumu ye-aquarium, ukondla, kanye nohlamvu.
Kepha, amacala lapho ehlaba ezinye izinhlanzi akuvamile. AmaJuvenile awenzi lutho futhi angahlushwa amanye ama-cichlids, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwakhulisa ngezinhlanzi ezingekho nolaka.
Intsha enamahloni edayimane cichlid ingahlupheka ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi ezinempilo noma ezinolaka zizodla phambi kwazo.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe zilahlekelwa amahloni futhi zithukuthele kakhulu, zibe usongo cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlanzi.
Kuncike kakhulu kumlingiswa, kwamanye ama-aquarists akhona namanye ama-cichlids, kanti kwabanye azowachitha.
Uma kungenzeki ukuzigcina ngokwehlukana, ungazama nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu, kepha mhlawumbe hhayi ngama-cichlids. Zizwana nezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezingakwazi ukuzondla. Isibonelo, nge-gourami enkulu, i-black pacu, i-plekostomus noma i-brocade pterygoplicht. Kunemibiko yokulondolozwa ngempumelelo ngemimese emnyama; le nhlanzi yedayimane ngokusobala ayiyiboni njengenhlanzi nhlobo futhi ayiyithinti.
Okubomvu (i-hybrid)
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Owesilisa nowesifazane bangahlukaniswa ngamaphiko omgogodla aqondiswe kakhudlwana nongaphezulu, kanye nesigaxa esinamafutha esakha emakhanda abo.
Ukuzala
Ama-cichlazomas edayimane aziwa ngokuhlangana nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo eziningi manje sezitholakala ngokudayiswa, imvamisa zifana kakhulu nezinhlanzi ezimsulwa. Amafomu athandwayo abomvu, i-disc namanye.
Yize zifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30, ziyakwazi ukuzala vele zingama-10 cm kowesilisa bese kuthi ezesifazane zibe ngu-7.
Abanye abasemanzini banikeza izinombolo ezincane kakhulu. Ukuzalela kukhuthazwa ushintsho lwamanzi nokwanda kwezinga lokushisa. Insikazi iqala ukuhlanza indawo ngenhloso yokubeka amaqanda kuyo, lokhu kungaba yitshe elibushelelezi noma phansi kwe-aquarium.
Ubeka amaqanda amaningi, kwesinye isikhathi ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, agadwe ngabazali bobabili. Lapho amaqanda echanyuselwa, owesifazane udlulisela izibungu emgodini, yena nowesilisa abake bazimba phambilini.
UMaleki uzoqala ukubhukuda cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-4-6. Owesilisa ubakhathalele kakhulu, kangangokuba angaqala ukushaya insikazi, uma kungenzeka, alungiselele ukumhlukanisa.
Akunzima ukondla ifry, zikhulu ngokwanele futhi zingadla i-brine shrimp nauplii nokunye ukudla.
