Ama-Anglers, noma i-monkfish (i-Lophius) abamele kakhulu izinhlanzi ezihlanjululwe ngemisebe yomndeni we-anglerfish kanye ne-anglerfish oda. Abahlali abavamile abaphansi batholakala, njengomthetho, ezansi ezinodaka noma ezinesihlabathi, kwesinye isikhathi kungcwatshwe isigamu kuwo. Abanye abantu bahlala phakathi kolwelwe noma phakathi kwemfucumfucu enkulu yamatshe.
Incazelo ye-monkfish
Ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda le-monkfish, kanye nasemaphethelweni emihlathi nezindebe, kunesikhumba esinezinqa esihamba emanzini futhi esifana nobulembu ngokubukeka. Ngenxa yalesi sici sesakhiwo, ama-anglers angabonakali ngokuqhamuka ngemuva komhlaba.
Ukubukeka
Inhlanzi yase-European angler inobude bomzimba ngaphakathi kwamamitha ambalwa, kepha kaningi - ayikho ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa nohhafu... Isisindo esiphezulu somuntu omdala ngu-55.5-57.7 kg. Umhlali wasemanzini unomzimba onqunu ogcwele iziqu eziningi ezinesikhumba namathambo abonakala kahle amathambo. Umzimba uthambile, ucindezelwe ubheke emuva nasesiswini. Amehlo eMonkfish mancane ngosayizi, ahlukaniswe kabanzi. Indawo engemuva inombala onsundu, oluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu onamabala amnyama.
I-American anglerfish inomzimba ongekho ngaphezu kwama-90-120 cm ubude, ngesisindo esimaphakathi ebangeni lama-22.5-22.6 kg. I-black-bellied anglerfish iyinhlanzi yasolwandle ejulile efinyelela kubude obungu-50-100 cm.Ubude bomzimba we-West Atlantic anglerfish abudluli kuma-60 cm.I-anglerfish yaseBurma, noma i-Cape anglerfish, ibonakala ngekhanda elikhulu eliyisicaba nomsila omfishane, ohlala ngaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba. Usayizi womuntu omdala awudluli imitha.
Kuyathakazelisa! UDeveli uyinhlanzi ehlukile ngokubukeka nangendlela yokuphila, ekwazi ukuhambela ezansi ngokugxuma okuhlukile, okwenziwa ngenxa yobukhona be-pectoral fin eqinile.
Ubude bomzimba we-anglerfish yaseMpumalanga Ekude buyimitha elilodwa nohhafu. Umhlali wasemanzini unenhloko eyisicaba enkulu nebanzi. Umlomo mkhulu kakhulu, unemihlathi ephansi ephumile, lapho kukhona khona umugqa owodwa noma emibili yamazinyo. Isikhumba se-monkfish asinazo izikali. Amaphiko ezinqeni atholakala emphinjeni. Amaphiko amakhulu we-pectoral ahlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwe-lobe enamanzi. Imisebe emithathu yokuqala yemphetho yangemuva ihlukile komunye nomunye. Umzimba ongenhla unombala onsundu, unamabala alula azungezwe umngcele omnyama. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ilula ngombala.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ngokusho kososayensi abaningi, i-anglerfish yokuqala noma osathane bavela emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu edlule. Yize kunjalo, yize kuneminyaka yobudala ehloniphekile, izici zokuziphatha kanye nendlela yokuphila ye-monkfish aziqondakali kahle okwamanje.
Kuyathakazelisa! Enye yezindlela zokuzingela i-anglerfish ukugxuma ngamaphiko bese ugwinya lokho okubanjiwe.
Inhlanzi enkulu enjalo edlayo cishe ayihlaseli umuntu, ngenxa yokujula okukhulu lapho inhlanzi ye-angler ihlala khona. Lapho inyuka ekujuleni ngemuva kokuzala, izinhlanzi ezilambe kakhulu zingalimaza abatshuzi be-scuba. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-monkfish ingaluma kahle isandla somuntu.
Ngabe ama-anglers ahlala isikhathi esingakanani
Isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuphila se-American anglerfish iminyaka engamashumi amathathu... I-black-bellied anglerfish ibihlala ezimweni zemvelo cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Isikhathi sokuphila se-cape monkfish asivamile ukudlula iminyaka eyishumi.
Izinhlobo ze-monkfish
Uhlobo lwe-Anglers lubandakanya izinhlobo eziningana, ezimelwe:
- I-American anglerfish, noma i-American monkfish (iLophius americanus);
- I-black-bellied angler, noma i-angler yaseNingizimu Yurophu, noma i-budegasse angler (Lophius budegassa);
- I-West Atlantic anglerfish (iLophius gastrophysus);
- I-monkfish yaseMpumalanga Ekude noma i-Far Eastern angler (Lophius litulon);
- I-European anglerfish, noma i-European monkfish (iLophius piscatorius).
Okunye futhi okwaziwayo yizinhlobo ze-South African anglerfish (Lophius vaillanti), Burmese noma Cape anglerfish (Lophius vomerinus) kanye noLorhius brashysomus Agassiz ongasekho.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-anglerfish enamabhande amnyama isabalale kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga ye-Atlantic, kusukela eSenegal kuya eBritish Isles, kanye naseMedithera naseLwandle Olumnyama. Abamele izinhlobo ze-West Atlantic anglerfish zitholakala entshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, lapho le anglerfish iyinhlanzi engezansi, ehlala ekujuleni kwe-40-700 m.
I-American monkfish iyinhlanzi yase-oceanic demersal (ezansi) ehlala emanzini aseNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Atlantic, ekujuleni okungekho ngaphezu kuka-650-670 m.Lolu hlobo lusabalale ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika i-Atlantic. Enyakatho yobubanzi bayo, i-American anglerfish ihlala ekujuleni okujulile, futhi engxenyeni eseningizimu, abamele lolu hlobo kwesinye isikhathi batholakala emanzini asogwini.
I-European anglerfish ijwayelekile emanzini oLwandle i-Atlantic, eduze nogu lwaseYurophu, kusukela oLwandle iBarents nase-Iceland kuya eGulf of Guinea, kanye naseLwandle Olumnyama, eNyakatho naseBaltic. I-anglerfish yaseMpumalanga Ekude ingeyabakhileyo oLwandle lwaseJapan, ihlala ngasogwini lwaseKorea, emanzini asePeter the Great Bay, kanye nasesiqhingini saseHonshu. Ingxenye yabantu itholakala emanzini oLwandle i-Okhotsk noluphuzi, ngasogwini lwePacific eJapan, emanzini aseMpumalanga yeChina naseNingizimu China Seas.
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi oku-Angler
Abazingeli bokuqamekela bachitha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sabo belinde inyamazane yabo inganyakazi nakancane, icashe ezansi futhi icishe ihlangane ngokuphelele nayo. Ukudla ikakhulu kuvezwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi nama-cephalopods, kufaka phakathi i-squid ne-cuttlefish. Ngezikhathi ezithile i-anglerfish idla zonke izinhlobo zezidumbu.
Ngokwemvelo yokudla kwabo, bonke odeveli basolwandle izidalwa ezijwayelekile.... Isisekelo sokudla kwabo simelelwa yizinhlanzi ezihlala kukholamu lamanzi engezansi. Esiswini sezinhlanzi ze-angler, kukhona ama-gerbils, imisebe emincane ne-cod, ama-eels noshaka abancane, kanye ne-flounder. Eduze kwamanzi, izidalwa ezindala zasemanzini ziyakwazi ukuzingela ama-mackerel ne-herring. Kunezimo ezaziwayo lapho izinhlanzi ze-angler zihlasela hhayi izinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu ezihamba ngokuthula kumagagasi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho umlomo uvuleka, kwakhiwa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-vacuum, lapho umfudlana wamanzi kanye nesisulu ugijimela ngokushesha emlonyeni wesilwane sasolwandle.
Ngenxa yesifihlakalo semvelo esishiwoyo, i-anglerfish elele phansi inganyakazi cishe ayibonakali. Ngenhloso yokufihla, isilwane sasemanzini sizimbela phansi noma sicashe emahlathini aminyene algae. Isisulu esingaba khona sikhangwa isicupho esikhethekile esikhanyayo esisekugcineni kohlobo lwenduku, olumelwe yimisebe ende evulekile yengaphambili langemuva. Ngesikhathi sokutholwa okuseduze kwama-crustaceans, ama-invertebrates noma inhlanzi ethinta u-Esca, i-monkfish elele iyawuvula kakhulu umlomo wayo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Abantu bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene bavuthwa ngokuphelele ngeminyaka ehlukene. Isibonelo, abesilisa be-European anglerfish bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi beneminyaka eyisithupha (ngobude bomzimba obungu-50 cm). Abesifazane bavuthwa kuphela lapho beneminyaka eyishumi nane, lapho abantu befinyelela cishe kumitha ubude. I-European anglerfish izala ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Bonke abantu basenyakatho eduze kwaseBritish Isles bazala phakathi kukaMashi noMeyi. Bonke abantu baseningizimu abahlala emanzini aseduze ne-Iberia Peninsula bazala kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala okusebenzayo, abesilisa nabesifazane babameleli bohlobo lwezinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe zomndeni we-anglerfish kanye ne-oda le-anglerfish zehlela ekujuleni kwamamitha angamashumi amane kuya kumakhilomitha amabili. Njengoba sehlele emanzini ajulile, i-anglerfish yensikazi iqala ukuzala, kuthi abesilisa bayimboze ngobisi lwabo. Masishane ngemuva kokuzala, abesifazane abalambile abavuthiwe ngokobulili nabesilisa asebekhulile babhukuda baya ezindaweni ezinamanzi angajulile, lapho bondliwa khona ngokuqinile ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sekwindla. Ukulungiselela i-monkfish ebusika kwenziwa ngokujula okukhulu kakhulu.
Amaqanda abekwe izinhlanzi zasolwandle akha uhlobo oluthile lwebhebhoni, embozwe kakhulu uketshezi lwamafinyila. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo zabamele uhlobo lohlobo, ububanzi beteyipu enjalo buyahlukahluka phakathi kobubanzi obungu-50-90 cm, nobude obungamamitha ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi nambili nobukhulu obungu-4-6 mm. Amaribhoni anjalo akwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka olwandle olunamanzi. I-clutch eyingqayizivele, njengomthetho, iqukethe amaqanda ayizigidi ezimbalwa, ahlukanisiwe komunye nomunye futhi abe nokuhlelwa okukodwa ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana akhethekile angama-hexagonal.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindonga zamaseli ziyaqothuka kancane kancane, futhi ngenxa yamaconsi anonile ngaphakathi kwamaqanda, avinjelwe ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu futhi entanta mahhala emanzini ayenziwa. Umehluko phakathi kwezibungu ezichanyuselwe nezindala ukungabikho komzimba oyisicaba kanye namaphiko amakhulu we-pectoral.
Isici sesici se-dorsal fin namaphiko we-pelvic simelelwa yimisebe yangaphakathi enwetshiwe. Izibungu ze-anglerfish ezichanyuselwe zisezingxenyeni zamanzi angaphezulu kwamasonto ambalwa. Ukudla kumelwe ngama-crustaceans amancane, athwalwa yimifudlana yamanzi, kanye nezibungu zezinye izinhlanzi namaqanda e-pelagic.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abamele izinhlobo zase-European Monkfish bane-caviar enkulu futhi ububanzi bayo bungaba ngu-2-4 mm. I-caviar ezalwe yi-American anglerfish incane, futhi ubukhulu bayo abudluli ku-1.5-1.8 mm.
Ngenkathi yokukhula nentuthuko, izibungu ze-anglerfish zihlangabezana nohlobo oluthile lokuguqulwa komzimba, oluqukethe ushintsho oluncane ekubunjweni komzimba ekubukekeni kwabantu abadala. Ngemuva kokuthi ifry angler fish ifinyelele kubude obungu-6.0-8.0 mm, iyacwila ekujuleni okukhulu. Ama-juvenile akhule ngokwanele ahlala ngokujulile ekujuleni okuphakathi, futhi kwezinye izimo ama-juvenile asondela eduze nogu lolwandle. Phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izinga lezinqubo zokukhula kwamademoni asolwandle liyashesha ngangokunokwenzeka, bese kuthi inqubo yokuthuthuka yempilo yasolwandle yehle kakhulu.
Izitha zemvelo
Izinhlanzi ezingama-Angler zinabantu abahahayo nabanolaka kakhulu, okuvame ukuba yisizathu sokufa kwabo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuthola umlomo omkhulu kakhulu nesisu esikhulu, bonke abamele i-anglerfish oda kanye nohlobo lwe-Anglerfish bayakwazi ukuthatha isisulu esikhulu kunazo zonke.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izitha zemvelo zezinhlanzi ze-angler zasolwandle cishe azikho ngokuphelele, ngenxa yokuhluka kwesakhiwo, ikhono lokufihla nokuhlala ekujuleni okukhulu.
Amazinyo abukhali futhi made omzingeli wasolwandle awavumeli umhlaseli adedele isisulu sakhe, noma ngabe asilingani esiswini. Inhlanzi ingaminyaniswa kalula yisisulu esikhulu kakhulu bese iyafa. Kuyaziwa futhi lapho i-monkfish ebanjiwe esiswini kutholakala ukuthi ibambe kuphela amasentimitha ambalwa kunosayizi wesilwane uqobo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inhlanzi edumile yokuhweba yi-European anglerfish, inyama yayo emhlophe, eminyene futhi engenamathambo. Ukubanjwa kwaminyaka yonke kwe-European anglerfish kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25-34. Ukudoba i-monkfish kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-trawls aphansi, amanetha we-gill nolayini abaphansi. Inani elikhulu kakhulu limbiwe eFrance naseGreat Britain.
Kuyathakazelisa! Yize i-anglerfish ibukeka inyanyeka futhi ingathandeki, umhlali wasemanzini onjalo unezimfanelo zokudla okunomsoco nokunambitheka okuphezulu kakhulu.
Inyama yeMonkfish iyathandeka, inoshukela futhi ithambile ngokunambitheka, ngokuvumelana okuthambile, kepha ngokuqukethwe okunamafutha aphansi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho kuhlanzwa ingxenye ebalulekile yalezi zinhlanzi kugcina kungumfucumfucu, futhi ngenhloso yokudla kusetshenziswa ingxenye engemuva kuphela yomzimba, emelwe ngumsila we-monkfish.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- IBarracuda
- UMarlin
- Moray
- Iconsi
I-West Atlantic anglerfish ingeyesigaba senhlanzi yezentengiselwano... Umhlaba ubamba izilinganiso zamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalolunye. Indawo eyinhloko yokukhiqiza yiBrazil. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili eyedlule yiGreenpeace, i-monkfish yaseMelika yabekwa ohlwini olukhethekile lokudla kwasolwandle, okumelwe yizinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezisengozini yokuhweba ezisengozini enkulu ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile. Isibindi nenyama yezinhlanzi ezingezansi ezidliwayo kubhekwa njengezibiliboco, okuqubule ukubanjwa okwandayo kanye nosongo lokuqothulwa, ngakho-ke eNgilandi kwavalwa ukuthengiswa kwezinhlanzi ze-angler ezitolo ezinkulu eziningi ezweni.
