Noma iyiphi ingxoxo ngezinhlanzi ezidla inyama ayiphelelanga lapho kukhulunywa ngamakhanda ezinyoka. Inyoka yenyoka iyinhlanzi, yize ingavamile ngokweqile.
Banamagama abo ekhanda labo eliyisicaba nomzimba omude, oyinyoka, futhi izikali ezisekhanda labo zifana nesikhumba senyoka.
Ama-Snakeheads angamalungu omndeni wakwaChannidae, umsuka wawo ongacacile; ucwaningo lwakamuva ezingeni lamangqamuzana luveze ukufana kwama-labyrinths nama-eel.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Ngokwemvelo indawo yokuhlala yamakhanda ezinyoka ibanzi, bahlala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Iran nasempumalanga ye-Afghanistan, eChina, eJava, eNdiya, nase-Afrika, emifuleni iChad neCongo.
Futhi, ama-aquarists anganaki afaka ama-snakehead emanzini ase-United States, lapho avumelana khona kahle futhi aqala ukubhubhisa izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Manje impi enenkani kodwa engaphumeleli iyaqhubeka nabo.
Kunemikhakha emibili (iChanna, iParachanna), efaka izinhlobo ezingama-34 (31 iChanna ne-3 iParachanna), yize izinhlobonhlobo zamakhanda ezinyoka zinkulu futhi izinhlobo eziningana zingakahlukaniswa, ngokwesibonelo uChanna sp. 'Lal cheng' noChanna sp. ‘Five-lane kerala’ - yize seziyathengiswa.
Impahla engajwayelekile
Enye yezinto engajwayelekile yamakhanda enyoka yikhono lokuthwala kalula okuqukethwe okuphansi komoya-mpilo emanzini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banezikhwama zokuphefumula ezibhangqene ezixhunywe esikhunjeni (futhi ngawo bangamunca umoya-mpilo), obavumela ukuba baphefumule umoya-mpilo womoya kusukela ebusheni.
Izinhloko zezinyoka empeleni ziphefumula umoya-mpilo osemkhathini, futhi zidinga ukugcwaliswa njalo ebusweni bamanzi. Uma bengakwazi ukufinyelela ngaphezulu, bazovele baminyaniswe.
Lezi akuzona izinhlanzi kuphela ezinalolu hlobo lokuphefumula, ungakhumbula iClarius ne-arapaima edumile.
Kukhona ukungaqondi kahle ukuthi njengoba inhlanzi iphefumula umoya futhi ihlala emanzini amile, angenawo umoya-mpilo, kusho ukuthi izophila e-aquarium ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu.
Yize ezinye izinhloko zezinyoka zibekezelela imingcele yamanzi ehluke kakhulu, futhi ingahlala isikhathi esithile emanzini nge-pH engu-4.3 kuye ku-9.4, noma ngaphezulu izogula uma imingcele yamanzi iguquka kakhulu, njengokushintsha okukhulu kwamanzi.
Iningi lama-snakeheads ngokwemvelo ahlala ezithambile (kufika ku-8 GH) namanzi angathathi hlangothi (pH 5.0 kuya ku-7.0), njengomthetho, lezi zinhlaka zilungele ukugcinwa ku-aquarium.
Ngokuqondene nokuhlobisa, abanesizotha ngokuphelele, ababhukudi kakhulu, futhi uma kungekhona okondlayo, bahamba kuphela lapho udinga ukuphefumula umoya.
Isikhathi esiningi abasichitha bekhuphuka kukholamu lwamanzi noma beqamekele ezansi. Ngokunjalo, abakudingayo yizinkuni ze-drift kanye namahlathi aminyene lapho bengacasha khona.
Ngasikhathi sinye, amakhanda ezinyoka athambekele ekuhlaselweni okubukhali, noma amajezi angazelelwe, akhukhula umhlobiso osendleleni yawo, futhi aphakamise udaka phansi. Ngokususelwa kokucatshangwayo, i-gravel kuzoba inhlabathi enhle kakhulu, hhayi isihlabathi, ngoba isihlabathi esishintshashintshayo sizovala izihlungi ngokushesha okukhulu.
Khumbula ukuthi amakhanda ezinyoka adinga umoya ukuze aphile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukushiya isikhala esinomoya ngaphansi kwekhava.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhava iyadingeka ngoba nazo zingama-jumpers amahle, futhi impilo ye-snakehead engaphezu kweyodwa yanqanyulwa yi-aquarium engamboziwe.
Ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zibizwa njengezilwane ezidlayo, ama-aquarists asakwazi ukuwajwayeza hhayi kuphela izinhlanzi eziphilayo, kepha nokudla okwenziwe, noma izinhlanzi zezinhlanzi, ngokwesibonelo.
Esinye sezici zama-snakeheads ukushintsha kombala wabo lapho sebekhulile. Kokunye, ama-juveniles avame ukugqama kunezinhlanzi ezindala, anemigqa ekhanyayo ephuzi noma esawolintshi egijima emzimbeni.
Le migqa iyanyamalala njengoba ikhula, nezinhlanzi ziba mnyama futhi zibe mpunga ngokwengeziwe. Lolu shintsho luhlala lungalindelekile futhi lukhungathekisa i-aquarist. Ngakho-ke abantu abafuna ukuthola ikhanda lenyoka badinga ukwazi ngalokhu ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Kepha, siyabona futhi ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo zonke izinto ziphikisana nse, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu abadala baba bahle ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuhambisana
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-snakehead yizilwane ezidla ezinye, angagcinwa nezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi kwezinye izinhlobo ezingafinyeleli kosayizi abakhulu.
Futhi-ke, okuningi kuya ngosayizi wenhlanzi ozoyitshala ngezinhloko zenyoka.
Ungavalelisa emhlambini wezinsana ngemuva nje kokuhlala phansi, kepha inhlanzi enkulu, engakwazi ukugwinya ikhanda lenyoka, ingahlala nayo.
Ezinhlokweni ezinobukhulu obuphakathi (30-40 cm), izinhlobo ezisebenzayo, ezihambahambayo nezinhlobo ezingangqubuzani zingomakhelwane abalungile.
Izinhlanzi eziningi ze-carp ezisezingeni eliphakathi zizolunga. Akufanele zigcinwe nama-cichlid amakhulu futhi anolaka, njengeManaguan. Phezu kokoma kwabo kwegazi, bangahlushwa ukuhlaselwa yilezi zinhlanzi ezinkulu nezinamandla, futhi ukuzinikela kubalimaze kakhulu ekuphenduleni.
Amanye amakhanda ezinyoka, ngokwesibonelo imfezi yegolide, inkosi, umugqa obomvu, zigcinwa kangcono zodwa, ngaphandle komakhelwane, noma ngabe zinkulu futhi ziyizilwane.
Izinhlobo ezincane, isibonelo, i-snakehead encane, ingagcinwa nge-carp enkulu, i-catfish, hhayi ama-cichlids anolaka kakhulu.
Omakhelwane abahle impela - ama-polypters ahlukahlukene, izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinomzimba obanzi / ophakeme, noma okuphambene nalokho - izinhlanzi ezincane kakhulu ezingabonakali.
Imvamisa abanaki i-catfish enkulu - i-ancistrus, i-pterygoplicht, i-plekostomus. Izimpi ezinkulu ezifana nama-clown nama-royals nazo zilungile.
Intengo
Vele, intengo ayinandaba ukuthi ungumthandi walezi zinhlanzi, kepha imvamisa iphezulu kakhulu ukuthi ingaphikisana namanani ama-arowan angavamile.
Isibonelo, i-Channa barca yokuqala elethwe e-UK ibiza kufika ku- £ 5,000.
Manje sehle safinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-1,500, kepha noma kunjalo kuyimali ebucayi kakhulu yezinhlanzi.
Ukondla amakhanda enyoka
Izinhloko zezinyoka zingalunyulwa ekudleni okuphilayo, futhi zizimisele impela ukuthatha imicu yezinhlanzi, inyama yezimbaza, imfanzi ehlutshiwe, kanye nokudla okuthengiswayo okunephunga elinyama.
Ngaphezu kokudla okuphilayo, ungaphakela futhi izikelemu zomhlaba, ama-creepers nezinyendle. Abasakhulayo bazidlela ngokuzithandela imisundu yegazi ne-tubifex.
Ukuzala
Ama-Snakeheads awavamile ukukhuliswa e-aquarium, ngoba kunzima ukuphinda wenze izimo ezidingekayo. Ngisho nokunquma ubulili babo akuyona into elula, yize kukholakala ukuthi abesifazane bakhuluphele kakhulu.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukutshala ngababili bezinhlanzi ku-aquarium eyodwa ukuze nabo banqume ngomlingani.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukodwa kunzima, ngoba i-aquarium kufanele ibe banzi kakhulu, inezindawo eziningi zokucasha futhi akufanele kube khona enye inhlanzi kuyo.
Ezinye izinhlobo azidingi mibandela ukuqala ukuzala, kanti ezinye zidinga ukudala isikhathi sokwehlisa amazinga okushisa kancane kancane ukulingisa inkathi yemvula.
Amanye amakhanda enyoka aqandusela amaqanda emlonyeni, kanti amanye akha isidleke ngogwebu. Kepha onke amakhanda ezinyoka angabazali abahle abagada ukuthosa kwabo ngemuva kokuzala.
Izinhlobo zezinyoka
Imfezi yegolide yenyoka (Channa aurantimaculata)
I-Channa aurantimaculata, noma i-cobra yegolide, ifinyelela ubude bomzimba obucishe bube ngama-40-60 cm futhi iyinhlanzi enolaka egcinwa yodwa kangcono.
Ekuqaleni ivela esifundazweni esisenyakatho sase-Assam eNdiya, ithanda amanzi apholile angama-20-26 ° C, ane-6.0-7.0 ne-GH 10.
Ikhanda elibomvu lenyoka (Channa micropeltes)
Channa micropeltes noma red snakehead, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-giant noma ebomvu.
Ingenye yezinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu kuhlobo lwe-snakehead, efinyelela kubude bomzimba wemitha elilodwa noma ngaphezulu, noma ekuthunjweni. Ukuyigcina ku-aquarium kudinga i-aquarium enkulu ngokwedlulele, ama-300-400 amalitha okukodwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhanda elibomvu lenyoka lingenye yezinhlobo ezinolaka kakhulu. Angakwazi ukuhlasela noma iyiphi inhlanzi, kufaka phakathi izihlobo nabantu abakhulu kakhulu kunaye, isisulu angakwazi ukugwinya, umane adabule izicucu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, angakwenza lokhu ngisho noma engalambile. Futhi unesinye sezinkukhu ezinkulu angaluma ngaso ngisho nabanikazi baso.
Inkinga ukuthi ngenkathi incanyana, ibukeka iyinhle. Imivimbo e-orenji ekhanyayo igijima kuwo wonke umzimba, kepha lapho ikhula ivutha futhi izinhlanzi ezindala ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngokuvamile kungatholakala kusendalini, futhi njengoba nje nabathengisi bengabatsheli abathengi ukuthi ikusasa likuphatheleni. Lezi zinhlanzi zihlukile kumuntu wasemanzini onolwazi owaziyo ukuthi ufunani.
AmaBomvu awafuneki ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokuboshwa, futhi ahlala emanzini anamapharamitha ahlukile, ezingeni lokushisa elingu-26-28 ° C.
Inhloko yenyoka enguPygmy (Channa gachua)
I-Channa gachua, noma inhloko yenyoka emifushane, ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu endaweni yokuzilibazisa yase-aquarium. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezithengiswayo ngaphansi kwegama elithi gaucha. Zonke zivela enyakatho yeNdiya futhi kufanele zigcinwe emanzini apholile (18-25 ° C) ngamapharamitha amanzi (pH 6.0-7.5, GH 6 kuye ku-8).
Ngosayizi wayo omncane we-snakehead (kufika ku-20 cm), lo mfana uyaphila futhi ungagcinwa nezinye izinhlanzi ezilinganayo.
Inhloko yenyoka yasebukhosini (Channa marulioides)
I-Channa marulioides noma i-snakehead yasebukhosini ikhula ize ifike kuma-65 cm, futhi ilungele kuphela izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezinomthamo omkhulu nomakhelwane abakhulu abafanayo.
Izimo zokuboshwa: izinga lokushisa elingama-24-28 ° C, i-pH 6.0-7.0 ne-GH kuya ku-10.
Inhloko yenyoka yothingo lwenkosazana (Channa bleheri)
I-Channa bleheri noma i-rainbow snakehead yinhlanzi encane futhi enokuthula. Izinzuzo zayo, ngaphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane (amasentimitha angama-20), futhi ingenye yemibala ekhanya kakhulu phakathi kwamakhanda ezinyoka.
Njengomuntu omncane, ingagcinwa emanzini ajwayelekile, emanzini afanayo apholile.
Snakehead bankanesis (Channa bankanensis)
I-bananesis snakehead ingenye yamakhanda enyoka afunwa kakhulu ngokwamapharamitha wamanzi. Ivela emifuleni enamanzi ane-asidi eningi ngokweqile (i-pH kuze kufike ku-2.8), futhi yize kungenasidingo ukuyigcina ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-pH kufanele igcinwe iphansi (6.0 nangaphansi), ngoba amanani aphakeme ayenza ithambekele ekuthelelekeni.
Futhi, ngaphandle kokuthi ikhula cishe ngama-23 cm kuphela, inolaka kakhulu futhi kungcono ukugcina isikebhe sezinyoka ngokuhlukile.
Inhloko yenyoka yasehlathini (Channa lucius)
Ingakhula ize ifike kuma-40 cm ubude, ngokulandelana, nezimo zokuboshwa ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu. Lolu uhlobo oluhlukumezayo, okumele lugcinwe kanye nezinhlanzi ezinkulu, ezinamandla.
Kungcono futhi, uwedwa. Amapharamitha wamanzi: 24-28 ° C, pH 5.0-6.5 ne-GH kuze kufike ku-8.
Inhloko yenyoka enamaphoyinti amathathu noma ekhanyayo (Channa pleurophthalma)
Olunye lwezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zeNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, yehlukile ekubunjweni komzimba, ocindezelwe kusuka ezinhlangothini, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo icishe ibe yi-cylindrical. Ngokwemvelo, ihlala emanzini ane-asidi ephakeme kancane kunokujwayelekile (pH 5.0-5.6), kepha ivumelana kahle nokungathathi hlangothi (6.0-7.0) ku-aquarium.
Uhlobo oluthile oluzolile olungagcinwa nezinhlanzi ezinkulu, ngoba lufinyelela ku-40-45 cm ubude. Kuyaqabukela ukulala phansi, ikakhulukazi kuyantanta kukholamu lamanzi, yize ibhukuda phakathi kwezihlahlana zezitshalo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ijubane lokuphendula nokuphonsa likhulu kakhulu, noma yini ebhekwa njengokudla ingayibamba.
Inhloko yenyoka ebonisiwe (Channa punctata)
I-Channa punctata iyinhlobo ejwayelekile etholakala eNdiya nasezimeni ezahlukahlukene, kusuka emanzini apholile kuya kwezishisayo. Ngakho-ke, ingahlala emazingeni okushisa ahlukene, kusuka ku-9-40 ° C.
Ukuhlolwa futhi kukhombisile ukuthi ibekezelela imingcele yamanzi ehluke kakhulu ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngakho-ke i-asidi nobulukhuni akubalulekanga kakhulu.
Uhlobo oluncane, olufinyelela kubude obungu-30 cm, lunolaka kakhulu futhi kungcono ukulugcina ku-aquarium ehlukile.
Inhloko yenyoka emthende (Channa striata)
Okungathobeki kakhulu kwamakhanda enyoka, ngakho-ke amapharamitha wamanzi awabalulekile kakhulu. Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezinkulu, efinyelela ku-90 cm ubude, futhi njengobomvu, engafanele kahle abaqalayo.
Inhloko yenyoka yase-Afrika (iParachanna obscura)
Inhloko yenyoka yase-Afrika, ibukeka ifana ncamashi neChanna lucius, kepha yehlukile emakhaleni lamade kanye nethubhu.
Ifinyelela kubude bomzimba obungu-35-45 futhi maqondana nezimo zokugcina kufana noChanna lucius.
Inhloko yenyoka kaStewart (Channa stewartii)
Inhloko yenyoka kaStewart iyinhlobo enamahloni kangako, ekhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-25. Ithanda ukuhlala endaweni yokukhosela, okufanele ngabe iningi e-aquarium.
Izwe impela. Ngeke amthinte lowo ongena emlonyeni into eyodwa futhi ongeke akhuphukele endaweni yakhe yokukhosela.
Ikhanda le-Pulcher (Channa Pulchra)
Zikhula zifike ku-30 cm.I-Territorial, yize ngokwesayensi zizwana kahle emhlambini. Ezinye izinhlanzi zingahlasela uma zikhuphukela kuzo.
Angithambekeli ikakhulukazi ukufihla nokufuna. Badla konke okulingana nomlomo. Kukhona ama-canine ama-2 aphilile maphakathi nomhlathi ongezansi.
