Uvemvane lwaseBolivia (isiLatin Mikrogeophagus altispinosus, ngaphambili iPaplilochromis altispinosus) luyicicid encane, enhle nenokuthula. Imvamisa ibizwa nangokuthi i-apistogram yaseBolivia (okungalungile) noma i-cichlid encane, ngosayizi wayo omncane (ongafika ku-9 cm ubude).
Ukugcina uvemvane lwaseBolivia kulula ngokwanele futhi kusebenza kahle ezindaweni zasemanzini zomphakathi. Unolaka kancane kunesihlobo sakhe, i-ramirezi apistogram, kodwa ngokwamazinga ama-cichlids akanalo nolaka nakancane. Usabisa ngaphezu kokuhlaselwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlakaniphe ngokwanele, uyabona umnikazi futhi ucela ukudla noma nini lapho ufika e-aquarium.
Ukuphila emvelweni
I-microgeophagus yaseBolivia yachazwa okokuqala nguHaseman ngo-1911. Okwamanje ibizwa ngeMikrogeophagus altispinosus, yize phambilini yayibizwa ngePaplilochromis altispinosus (1977) kanye neCrenicara altispinosa (1911).
Uvemvane lwaseBolivia luzalwa eNingizimu Melika: iBolivia neBrazil. Izinhlanzi zokuqala ezichazwe zabanjwa emanzini amile eBolivia, yingakho igama.
Atholakala eRio Mamore, eduze nokuhlangana komfula eRio Guapor, emlonyeni woMfula i-Igarape nasezikhukhuleni iTodos Santos. Ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomsinga obuthakathaka, lapho kunezitshalo eziningi, amagatsha kanye neziqubu, phakathi kwazo uvemvane oluthola indawo yokuhlala.
Ihlala kakhulu kusendlalelo semaphakathi nesingezansi, lapho imba khona phansi ifuna izinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, ingadla ezingqimbeni eziphakathi nendawo futhi kwesinye isikhathi isuke ngaphezulu.
Incazelo
Uvemvane iChromis yinhlanzi encane enomzimba omise okweqanda okweqanda namaphiko akhombe. Kwabesilisa, amaphiko ahlukaniswe kakhulu futhi akhonjwe kunabesifazane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bakhudlwana, bakhula bafike ku-9 cm, kanti abesifazane bangaba ngamasentimitha ayi-6.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Kukufanele kahle ukugcina ku-aquarium eyabiwe, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho okuhlangenwe nakho kokugcina ama-cichlids. Azinasizotha impela, futhi ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwe-aquarium kwanele ngabo.
Baphinde badle zonke izinhlobo zokudla futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-cichlids, ayaphila futhi awonakalisi izitshalo.
Ukondla
Inhlanzi yovemvane yaseBolivia imnyavu, ngemvelo idla i-detritus, imbewu, izinambuzane, amaqanda kanye nefry. I-aquarium ingadla kokubili ukudla okwenziwe nokuphila.
I-Artemia, i-tubifex, i-koretra, i-bloodworm - uvemvane ludla konke. Kungcono ukondla kabili noma kathathu ngosuku, ngezingxenye ezincane.
Ama-apistogramu awafisi ukuhaha futhi awephuzi ukudla, futhi izinsalela zokudla zingamane zinyamalale ezansi uma zidliswa ngokweqile.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Umthamo omncane usukela kumalitha angama-80. Khetha amanzi ngokugeleza okuncane nokuhlunga okuhle.
Kunconywa ukugcina izimvemvane zaseBolivia ku-aquarium enamapharamitha azinzile ne-pH 6.0-7.4, ubulukhuni 6-14 dGH kanye namazinga okushisa 23-26C.
Okuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-ammonia emanzini nokuqukethwe okuphezulu komoya-mpilo, isiqinisekiso sokuthi bazothola umbala wabo ophakeme.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlabathi njengenhlabathi, lapho i-microgeophagus ithanda ukumba khona.
Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngenani elikhulu ngokwanele lezindawo zokukhosela, ngoba inhlanzi inamahloni kakhulu. Kungaba njengamakhukhunathi, amabhodwe, amapayipi, nezinkuni ezahlukahlukene zokukhukhuleka.
Bathanda nokukhanya okunciphile, okungasabalali okunganikezwa ngokuvumela izitshalo ezintantayo ebusweni bamanzi.
Ukuhambisana kwe-Aquarium
Kukufanele kahle ukugcina ku-aquarium eyabiwe, zombili namanye ama-cichlid amancane futhi nezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene ezinokuthula.
Banolaka kancane kunama-ramirezi apistograms, kepha banokuthula impela. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi lena yi-cichlid encane, noma kunjalo.
Uzozingela amafry, izinhlanzi ezincane kakhulu nezimfanzi, ngoba amandla akhe emvelo anamandla kunaye. Kungcono ukukhetha izinhlanzi ezilinganayo, i-gourami ehlukahlukene, i-viviparous, i-barbs.
Kungcono ukuhlala kubashadikazi noma uwedwa, uma kukhona abesilisa ababili e-aquarium, lapho-ke udinga indawo yokuhlala nendawo enkulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bazohlunga izinto.
Inqubo yokubhangqa iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ayilindeleki. Njengomthetho, ekuqaleni kuthengwa izinhlanzi ezincane ezimbalwa, ekugcineni ezakha ngazimbili ngokwazo. Izinhlanzi ezisele ziyalahlwa.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Ungahlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane kovemvane lwaseBolivia ngesikhathi sokuthomba. Abesilisa banomusa kakhulu kunabesifazane, banamaphiko acijile kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, mkhulu kakhulu kunowesifazane.
Ngokungafani ne-ramirezi, i-altispinoza yesifazane ayinayo indawo epinki esiswini.
Ukuzala
Ngokwemvelo, i-butterfly chromis yakha ipheya eliqinile, elibekela amaqanda angama-200. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola umbhangqwana emanzini, imvamisa kuyathengwa kuze kufike kwizinhlanzi eziyishumi, zikhuliswa ndawonye.
Imibhangqwana iyazikhethela yona, kuthi izinhlanzi ezisele zithengiswe noma zisatshalaliswe kuma-aquarists.
Izimvemvane zaseBolivia zivame ukuzala emanzini ajwayelekile, kepha ukuze omakhelwane badle amaqanda, kungcono ukuwabeka endaweni ehlukile yokuzala.
Babeka amaqanda etsheni elibushelelezi noma iqabunga elibanzi lesitshalo, ezingeni lokushisa elingama-25 - 28 ° C hhayi ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Lezi zithandani zichitha isikhathi esiningi zisusa indawo ekhiqizwayo futhi la malungiselelo kunzima ukuwaphuthelwa.
Insikazi idlula izikhathi eziningana ngaphezulu, izalela amaqanda anamathele, bese owesilisa ewafaka ngokushesha. Imvamisa inani liba ngamaqanda angama-75-100, yize ngokwemvelo azalela ngaphezulu.
Ngenkathi insikazi incenge amaqanda ngamaphiko, eyeduna yona ibamba ibamba. Uyasiza futhi insikazi ukunakekela amaqanda, kodwa yiyona eyenza umsebenzi omkhulu.
Amaqanda azochanyuselwa kungakapheli amahora angama-60. Abazali badlulisela izibungu kwenye indawo ecekeceke kakhulu. Kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-5-7, izibungu zizophenduka zibe gazinga futhi zibhukude.
Abazali bazobacasha kwenye indawo amasonto ambalwa ngaphezulu. UMaleki uzwela kakhulu ekuhlanzekeni kwamanzi, ngakho-ke udinga ukuwondla ngezingxenyana ezincane bese ususa izinsalela zokudla.
Okuphakelayo kokuqala - isikhuphasha seqanda, umbungu. Njengoba zikhula, i-Artemia nauplii iyadluliselwa.
