IMelanochromis Yohani (ngesiLatin Melanochromis johannii, phambilini eyayiyiPseudotropheus johannii) iyicichlid ethandwayo eLake Malawi, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye inolaka.
Umbala wabesilisa nabesifazane ukhanya kakhulu, kepha wehluke kakhulu komunye nomunye kubonakala sengathi yizinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlanzi ezihlukene. Ezesilisa zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala omnyama okhanyayo, onemikhawulo evundlile, ngenkathi ezinsikazi ziphuzi ngokugqamile.
Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane bayakhanga futhi bayasebenza, okwenza babe nesifiso esikhulu ethangini le-cichlid. Kodwa-ke, ukugcina nezinye izinhlanzi akulula kangako, ngoba kunolaka futhi kuyaduduza.
Ukuphila emvelweni
IMelanochromis Yohani yachazwa ngo-1973. Luhlobo lwendalo lweLake Malawi e-Afrika oluhlala ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha ayi-5, ezindaweni ezinamatshe noma ngaphansi kwesihlabathi.
Izinhlanzi zinolaka futhi ziyindawo, zivikela izindawo zazo zokuhlala komakhelwane.
Zondla nge-zooplankton, ama-benthos ahlukahlukene, izinambuzane, ama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nefry.
Kungeqembu lama-cichlids okuthiwa yi-mbuna. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-13 kuwo, futhi zonke zihlukaniswa ngomsebenzi wazo nolaka. Igama elithi Mbuna lisuselwa olimini lwesiTonga futhi lisho ukuthi “inhlanzi ehlala ematsheni”. Ichaza kahle imikhuba yabantu baseYohani, abathanda ezansi kwamatshe, ngokungafani nelinye iqembu (idada), elihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinaphansi kwesihlabathi.
Incazelo
I-Yohani inomzimba omise okwe-torpedo ojwayelekile wama-cichlids ase-Afrika, unekhanda eliyindilinga namaphiko alinganisiwe.
Ngokwemvelo, zikhula zifike ku-8 cm, yize kuma-aquariums zikhudlwana, zifinyelela ku-10 cm. Isikhathi sokuphila cishe seminyaka eyi-10.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Izinhlanzi zama-aquarists anolwazi, njengoba kudinga kakhulu ngokugcina izimo futhi zinolaka. Ukugcina i-Yohani melanochromis ku-aquarium, udinga ukukhetha omakhelwane abafanele, ubheke imingcele yamanzi futhi uhlanze i-aquarium njalo.
Ukondla
Omnivorous, emvelweni badla ama-benthos ahlukahlukene: izinambuzane, iminenke, ama-crustaceans amancane, gazinga kanye ne-algae.
E-aquarium, badla ukudla okubukhoma nokubandayo: i-tubifex, i-bloodworms, i-brine shrimp. Bangaphakelwa ukudla okwenziwe ngama-cichlids ase-Afrika, okungcono nge-spirulina noma enye i-fiber yezitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe ifayibha ephezulu kokuphakelayo okubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba emvelweni badla kakhulu ekudleni kwezitshalo.
Njengoba bathambekele ekudleni ngokweqile, kungcono ukwehlukanisa okuphakelayo kube izabelo ezimbili noma ezintathu bese wondla usuku lonke.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Okwesondlo udinga i-aquarium ebanzi (kusuka kumalitha ayi-100), okungcono isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Ethangini elikhudlwana, ungagcina i-Yohani melanochromis namanye ama-cichlids.
Ukuhlobisa ne-biotope kujwayelekile kubantu baseMalawi - inhlabathi enesihlabathi, amatshe, itshe le-sandstone, izinkuni zokukhukhula nokungabi nezitshalo. Izitshalo zingatshalwa zinamaqabunga aqinile, njengama-anubias, kepha kuyathandeka ukuthi zikhule ezimbizeni noma ematsheni, ngoba izinhlanzi zingazimba.
Kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlanzi zibe nezindawo eziningi zokucasha ukuze zinciphise ukuthambekela nokungqubuzana e-aquarium.
Amanzi aseLake Malawi aqukethe isawoti eliningi elincibilikisiwe futhi aqinile impela. Amapharamitha afanayo kufanele adalwe ku-aquarium.
Le yinkinga uma indawo yakho ithambile, bese udinga ukwengeza ama-coral chips enhlabathini noma wenze enye into ukukhulisa ubulukhuni.
Amapharamitha wokuqukethwe: ph: 7.7-8.6, 6-10 dGH, izinga lokushisa 23-28C.
Ukuhambisana
Inhlanzi enobudlova, futhi ayinakugcinwa emanzini ajwayelekile. Kuhle ukugcinwa ethangini lezinhlobo, eqenjini lowesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abaningana.
Abesilisa ababili bazozwana kuphela e-aquarium ebanzi kakhulu enezindawo eziningi zokucasha. Yize bezolile kunamanye ama-melanochromis, basengaba nolaka maqondana nezinhlanzi ezifanayo nokuma komzimba noma imibala. Futhi, kunjalo, ngezinhlobo zazo.
Kungcono futhi ukugwema amanye ama-melanochromises, ngoba nawo angazalana nawo.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Abesilisa baluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo emnyama evundlile. Abesifazane ba-orange orange.
Ukuzala
IMelanochromis Yohani isithembu, owesilisa uhlala nabesifazane abaningana.Zizalela e-aquarium ejwayelekile, owesilisa ulungisa isidleke endaweni yokukhosela.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-10 kuye kwangama-60 bese iwangenisa emlonyeni wayo ngaphambi kokuba ivundiswe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, owesilisa usonga ingquza yakhe yangasese ukuze insikazi ibone amabala kuwo afana namaqanda ngombala nangokwakheka kwawo.
Uyazama futhi ukungenisa emlonyeni wakhe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, kuvusa owesilisa, okhipha ifu lobisi, avundise amaqanda emlonyeni wowesifazane.
Insikazi izala amaqanda amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu, kuya ngezinga lokushisa kwamanzi. Ngemuva kokuchamisela, insikazi ibheka i-gazinga isikhashana, ibangenise emlonyeni wayo uma kunengozi.
Uma i-aquarium inamatshe amaningi nezindawo zokukhosela, khona-ke gazinga lingathola kalula ama-slits amancane avumela ukuthi baphile.
Bangaphakelwa ngokudla okugayiwe kwama-cichlids amadala, ama-brine shrimp kanye ne-brine shrimp nauplii.
