I-Rook (Corvus frugilegus) iyinyoni esabalele e-Eurasia. Abamele lolu hlobo bangabaka-oda abanjengoSparrow, umndeni wakwaVranovye nohlobo lweCrow.
Incazelo Rook
Ubude benyoni endala buhluka phakathi kuka-45-47 cm... Ubude obuphakathi kwamaphiko bungamasentimitha angama-28-34, kanti uqhwaku olujiyile lungu-5.4-6.3 cm. Isici esiyinhloko sezinyoni ezindala yisisekelo esingenalutho somlomo. Ama-rook amancane anezimpaphe kusisekelo se-peri-beak, kepha njengoba ekhula, ayanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ukubukeka
Isisindo senyoni enkulu endala singafinyelela ku-600-700 g. Izimpaphe eziyinhloko ze-rook zimnyama ngombala, ngaphandle kokufiphaza, kodwa lapho kukhona khona i-metenic greenish sheen. Cishe zonke izimpaphe ezisemzimbeni we-rook ziqinile futhi cishe azikho fluff. Okubizwa ngokuthi "izikhindi" kuphela emilenzeni kunenani elithile lehla. Yilolu hlobo lwesembozo olwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa i-rook kumagwababa nakuma-jackdaw, anezidladla ezingenalutho.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokungafani negwababa, lapho wonke ama-rook anokufana okukhulu kakhulu kwangaphandle, abameleli balezi zinhlobo banendawo enkulu yesikhumba noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhula okumpunga okuzungeze uqhwaku.
Uphaphe lwendiza lwabo bonke abamele i-Passerine oda kanye nomndeni waseCorvia lunzima kakhulu futhi luqinile ngokungavamile, lunomzila ongaphakathi oyifomu futhi ongenalutho, ofinyelela cishe ekugcineni. Izimpaphe ze-Rook zinesakhiwo esingajwayelekile kangako emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, sibonga ukuthi zisetshenziswe ngenkuthalo njengethuluzi lokubhala elilula futhi elingabizi kakhulu. Iphoyinti lepeni elinjalo lalisikwa ngokucophelela ngokungalingani, ngemuva kwalokho lalicwiliswa embizeni kayinki.
Ukuncibilika okuncane nokulahleka kwezimpaphe ezincane kuma-juveniles kwenzeka kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba, okuhambisana nokuqina kwesikhumba nokuncipha kwempaphe yezimpaphe. Ukulahleka kwezimpaphe kuqhubeka ngobudala kuma-rooks, futhi i-molt yabantu abavuthiwe yenzeka emjikelezweni ogcwele wonyaka.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Endaweni yaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, ama-rook ahlala kakhulu, futhi nasezindaweni ayizinyoni ezifudukayo. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga lokusatshalaliswa, ama-rook angaphansi kwesigaba sezinyoni ezizalela izidleke nezinyoni ezifudukayo, futhi ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ziyizinyoni ezivamile ezihlala phansi. Bonke abamele lezi zinhlobo babonakala njengezinyoni ezingenakho ukuthula futhi ezinomsindo omkhulu, ukuhamba kwamakholoni aseduze nokuhlala kwabantu kubangela ukuphazamiseka okuningi, okuchazwa ngokukhala okuqhubekayo nomsindo.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesayensi okwenziwa ngochwepheshe eNyuvesi yaseCambridge eNgilandi, kwatholakala ngokuqiniseka ukuthi i-rook yayinekhono kakhulu ekwakheni noma ekusebenziseni amathuluzi alula kakhulu ngomlomo wayo, futhi ayisiyisi neze emisebenzini enjalo kuzimfene, ezisebenzisa izitho ezithuthuke kahle ngalezi zinhloso. Amarokhi yizinyoni ezihlanganayo ezingalokothi zihlale ngambili noma zodwa, kepha empeleni zihlangana emakoloni amakhulu.
Mangaki ama-rook ahlala
Njengoba ososayensi bamazwe angaphandle nabasekhaya bekwazile ukuthola, abamele i-Passeriformes oda kanye nomndeni wakwaCorvidae banamandla okuphila kuze kube seminyakeni engamashumi amabili, kepha abanye abacwaningi bathi kungatholakala izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka.
Eqinisweni, izinyoni eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zivame ukufa ngenxa yezifo zesisu namathumbu emathumbu, zingakafiki ngisho nakubudala beminyaka emithathu. Ngakho-ke, njengoba umkhuba ojwayelekile wokubukwa kwesikhathi eside ukhombisa, ezimweni zemvelo, isikhathi sokuphila se-rook akuvamile ukudlula iminyaka ejwayelekile emihlanu kuya kweyisithupha..
Indawo yokuhlala
EYurophu, ukusatshalaliswa kwereok kumelwe yi-Ireland, iScotland neNgilandi, i-Orkney neHebrides, kanye neRomania. Emazweni aseScandinavia, abamele uhlobo olukhulu bazala kaningi eNorway naseSweden. Inani labantu elikhulu kakhulu lihlala endaweni yaseJapan neKorea, iManchuria, entshonalanga nasenyakatho neChina, kanye nenyakatho yeMongolia.
Ebusika, izinyoni zalolu hlobo zivame kakhulu emazweni aseduze kweMedithera noma e-Algeria, enyakatho neGibhithe, eSinayi Peninsula, e-Asia Minor nasePalestine, eCrimea naseTranscaucasia, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zindiza ziye eLapland. Kuphela ngokuqala kwekwindla lapho abameleli bezinhlobo ngezinye izikhathi bavela e-Timan tundra.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezidleke zitholakala ezingadini nasemapaki, phakathi kwamaqembu ezihlahla ezihlakazeke emkhakheni wezamasiko, ezindaweni zamahlathi, ezigodini nase-riparian tugai. Izinyoni ezinjalo zokwakha izidleke zithanda ukuphuma emaphethelweni ehlathi elinamasimu ezihlahla nezindawo zokunisela okuphelele, ezimelwe yimifula, amachibi namachibi. Izindawo ezibukeka ngokwamasiko nezindawo eziningi ezisemaqeleni zingaphansi kwe-fodder biotope yama-rook. Ebusika, izinyoni ezinjalo, njengomthetho, zikhetha imichilo ye-piedmont nezigodi zemifula, umhlaba otshaliwe nezinye izindawo ezingamboziwe iqhwa elijulile.
Ukudla kwe-Rook
Isisekelo sokudla esijwayelekile sama-rook yizinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, kanye nesigaba sazo sesibungu. Abamele i-oda lamaPasseriformes kanye nomndeni waseCorvidae nabo badla kamnandi kumagundane afana nezimpuku, okusanhlamvu nezitshalo zensimu, nolunye ukhula. Ukudla okunezimpaphe okuvela ezilwaneni, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane ezinkulu ezinjengesikhonyane nentethe, kutholakala embusweni wokudla ojwayelekile.
Izinzuzo zama rook kwezolimo kanye namahlathi azinakuphikwa, ngenxa yokubhujiswa okusebenzayo kwe:
- Kwangathi amabhungane nezibungu zawo;
- izimbungulu-izimfudu;
- i-kuzek - izinambuzane zezitshalo zokusanhlamvu;
- isiphepho sentwasahlobo;
- amacimbi we-meadow moth;
- isithombo sebhitrudi;
- iminyundu;
- amagundane amancane.
Okubalulekile! Abamele izinhlobo zama Rook badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqedeni okusebenzayo kwe-foci yasendaweni futhi ebanzi, ebonakala ngokuzala ngobuningi kwezinambuzane eziyingozi, kufaka phakathi isibungu sikaphayini, i-filly ne-beet weevil.
Abamele umndeni wakwaCorvidae kanye nohlobo lweCrow bahlasela ngokuzithandela ngomlomo wabo othuthukile futhi owanele ngokwanele emhlabathini, okwenza kube lula ukuthola izinambuzane nezibungu ezahlukahlukene. Amarokhi nawo avame ukulandela ogandaganda abalima noma ahlanganise, ngokuhaha acosha zonke izibungu nezinambuzane ezikhishwe emhlabathini. Ukuvunwa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi nakho kwenziwa kumagxolo esihlahla, amagatsha noma amahlamvu azo zonke izinhlobo zezimila.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngokwemvelo amarokhi ayizinyoni ezijwayelekile ezifundayo, ngakho-ke ahlala emakholoni ezihlahleni ezinkulu kakhulu nezide eduze nezindawo zokuhlala, kufaka phakathi izimfoloko zemigwaqo yakudala. Njengomthetho, izinyoni zivunguza izidleke eziningana eziqinile futhi ezinokwethenjelwa ngasikhathi sinye esihlalweni somuthi owodwa, ezisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi.... Isidleke ngokuvamile simelwa ngamagatsha anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene futhi sifakwe utshani obomile noma uboya bezilwane. Amarokhi angasebenzisa futhi zonke izinhlobo zemfucumfucu kusuka ezindaweni zokulahla idolobha ukwakha isidleke.
Imibhangqwana enezimpiko ihlala ndawonye impilo yayo yonke, ngakho-ke ama-rook yizinyoni zendabuko ezizodwa. Insikazi izalela amaqanda kanye ngonyaka, ngenani lamaqanda amathathu kuya kwayisikhombisa. Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokuzalisa ngowesifazane wezingane ezimbili kungakapheli unyaka owodwa. Amaqanda erokhi makhulu impela, afinyelela ku-2.5-3.0 cm ububanzi. Umbala wegobolondo uvame ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha kwesinye isikhathi uba nombala oluhlaza okotshani onamabala ansundu. Isikhathi sokufukamela ngokwesilinganiso sinezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili, emva kwalokho kuzalwa inzalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Enqubeni yemidlalo yokukhwelana, abesilisa baletha izipho ezikhethekile ezidliwayo kwabesifazane abakhethiwe, ngemuva kwalokho batholakala eduze futhi bazise indawo ngokukhala okukhulu.
Ama-Rook anakekela kakhulu izingane zawo hhayi ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, kodwa futhi nangemva kokushiya isidleke. Amantshontsho abamele umndeni waseCorvia aphuma esidlekeni kuphela lapho enenyanga eyodwa, ngakho-ke ukundiza okukhulu kwabantu abasha kungabonakala kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni. Inzalo esekhulile ngemuva kobusika ikhetha ukubuyela esidlekeni sayo somdabu.
Izitha zemvelo
Kwezinye izindawo, ama-rook acekela phansi kakhulu izitshalo zommbila noma ezinye izitshalo zezolimo, amahlumela amancane ayagaywa futhi okusanhlamvu kwembewu kuyabhujiswa, ngakho-ke izinyoni ezinjalo zivame ukubhujiswa izingibe noma zibuyiselwe emuva. Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu, kuyavama ukuthi abantu abadala babe yizisulu zezinyoni ezidla inyama noma zezilwane.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Igwababa
- UMerlin
- Ukhozi
- Ukhozi olusegolide
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ezingxenyeni zengxenye yaseYurophu ebangeni, ama-rook ayizinyoni ezivamile, futhi endaweni yase-Asia, ukusatshalaliswa kwabamele lezi zinhlobo akuvamile, ngakho-ke inani labo liphelele kakhulu. Ngisho nasemazweni aseYurophu, inani lama-rook lincane kancane, ngenxa yesidingo sokusebenzisa izihlahla ezinde ngokukhethekile ukwakha izidleke. Ngokuvamile, isimo sokongiwa kwamarokhi namuhla Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
