I-axolotl (Latin Ambystoma mexicanum) ingesinye sezilwane ezinhle kakhulu ongaba nazo ku-aquarium yakho. Yisibungu se-salamander esine-neotenic, okusho ukuthi sifinyelela ekuvuthweni kwezocansi ngaphandle kokuba umuntu omdala.
Ama-dragons e-Axolotl ahlala eLakes Xochimilco naseChalco eMexico, kepha, ngenxa yokwanda kwamadolobha, uhla luyancipha.
Ngenhlanhla, kulula kakhulu ukuzala ekuthunjweni, ngaphezu kwalokho, zinenani lesayensi ngenxa yezici zazo, zingakwazi ukuvuselela ama-gill, umsila ngisho nemilenze.
Ukufundwa kwalesi sici kuholele ekutheni kuningi kakhulu ekuthunjweni, futhi nezinhlobo eziningi zombala zithathwa.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Indawo yokuzalwa yama-axolotls uhlelo lwasendulo lwemisele yamanzi namachibi eMexico City. Yonke impilo yabo bahlala emanzini, hhayi ukuphuma emhlabeni. Zithanda izindawo ezijulile emiseleni nasemachibini, ezinotshani obuningi bamanzi, njengoba zincike ezitshalweni zasemanzini.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, banamathisela amaqanda ezitshalweni zasemanzini bese bewafaka umquba. ILake Xochimilco lidume ngezingadi zalo ezintantayo noma ama-chinampas, ikakhulukazi iziqeshana zomhlaba phakathi kwemisele lapho abantu bendawo betshala khona imifino nezimbali. Ama-Axolotls ahlala kulolu hlelo lwakudala lwemisele yokunisela namachibi.
Ngendlela, ngokuhumusha kusuka olimini lwasendulo lwama-Aztec, i-axolotl isho isilo samanzi. Ngaphambi kokuhlasela kweSpain, ama-Aztec ayewadla, inyama yayithathwa njengeyelaphayo futhi yanambitheka njenge-eel.
Ama-Axolotls abhalwe kuRed Book njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Njengoba indawo abahlala kuyo ingamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-10, futhi ihlakazeke kakhulu, kunzima ukuthola inani eliqondile labantu abahlala emvelweni.
Incazelo
Ama-Axolotls yizibungu ze-ambistoma ezitholakala kuphela eMexico, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-2,290 ngaphezu kolwandle. Yintulo eqinile, imvamisa iba ngama-90 kuye kuma-350 mm ubude ukusuka emsileni kuya esicongweni sesifonyo.
Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesifazane, ngenxa yomsila omude. Ama-ambistomas akhona ngezindlela ezimbili: i-neotenic (empeleni i-axolotl uqobo, ngesimo sesibungu esihlala emanzini futhi esinama-gill angaphandle) nasemhlabeni, athuthukiswe ngokuphelele ngama-gill amancane.
I-axolotl evuthiwe ngokocansi ingafinyelela kuma-450 mm ubude, kepha imvamisa iba ngosayizi we-230 mm, futhi abantu abakhulu kuno-300 mm abavamile. Ama-Axolotls akhula kakhulu kakhulu kunezinye izibungu ze-neotenic salamander, futhi afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngenkathi esesesimweni sesibungu.
Isici sokubukeka yiziphuphu ezinkulu zangaphandle, ngendlela yezinqubo ezintathu ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Futhi banamazinyo amancane, kepha bakhonza ukubamba inyamazane, hhayi ukuyidwengula.
Umbala womzimba usukela kokumhlophe kuye kokumnyama, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zempunga, nsundu kanye nsundu. Kodwa-ke, ama-axolotls we-shades akhanyayo awavamile ukutholakala emvelweni, ngoba ayabonakala kakhulu futhi asengozini.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-axolotl? Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20, kepha isilinganiso cishe seminyaka eyi-10 ekuthunjweni.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Ukugcina ama-axolotls ekhaya kunzima impela, kunezikhathi ezithinta kakhulu iminyaka yokuphila ekuthunjweni. Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu ukushisa.
Ama-Axolotls yizilwane eziphila emanzini abandayo futhi amazinga okushisa aphezulu ayabacindezela. Kungabonakala kungajwayelekile ukuthi bangabokuzalwa eMexico futhi abakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Eqinisweni, indawo abahlala kuyo isendaweni ephakeme kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa lapho liphansi kunezinye izingxenye zezwe.
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elingu-24 ° C nangaphezulu alithokozi neze nge-axolotl futhi, uma ligcinwa isikhathi eside, lizoholela ekuguleni nasekufeni. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokugcina lingaphansi kwama-21 ° C, kanti u-21-23 ° C ungumkhawulo, kepha kusabekezeleleka. Ukuphakama kwamazinga okushisa kwamanzi, kuqukethe umoya-mpilo omncane. Ngakho-ke ukufudumala kwamanzi e-aquarium, i-aeration ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcina i-axolotl. Kubaluleke kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aseduze nomngcele, njengoba kuthinta ukubekezelelana.
Uma ungakwazi ukugcina i-axolotl emanzini abandayo, bese ucabanga kanzima ukuthi uzoyiqala yini!
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile elivame ukubukelwa phansi yi-substrate. Emanzini amaningi, umbala, usayizi nokuma kwe-substrate kuyindaba yokunambitheka komnikazi, kepha kubalulekile ukugcina i-axolotl.
Isibonelo, ama-aquariums angenawo umhlabathi awakhululeki neze nge-axolotl, ngoba ayinalutho ongabamba kulo. Lokhu kuholela ekucindezelekeni okungadingekile futhi kungadala nezilonda kuzeluleko zezidladla.
I-Gravel nayo ayiphelele, njengoba kulula ukuyigwinya, futhi ama-axolotls avame ukukwenza lokhu. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekuvinjelweni komgudu wamathumbu nokufa kwentulo.
I-substrate ekahle ye-axolotl yisihlabathi. Akuvaleki umgudu wokugaya ukudla, ngisho nakubantu abasha, futhi ibavumele ukuthi bakhase ngokukhululeka phansi kwezansi kwe-aquarium, ngoba babambelela kuyo kalula.
Ukuhambisana
Ukuhambisana kuyinkinga ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kwanoma iziphi izakhamizi ze-aquarium, umbuzo wokuthi yimaphi amakhophi aphuliwe, nama-axolotls nawo ahlukile. Kodwa-ke, abanikazi abaningi babagcina ngokwehlukana futhi ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo.
Okokuqala njeIsigaxa sangaphandle se-axolotl sibenza babe sengozini yokuhlaselwa izinhlanzi. Ngisho nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezizolile nezinobuvila azikwazi ukumelana nesilingo sokuzama ukuziluma, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izingcezu ezidabukisayo zihlala ezinqubweni zikanokusho.
Okwesibili, ama-axolotls ayasebenza ebusuku nezinhlanzi zokulala, zona, ziba yinto elula kubo. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola indawo emaphakathi phakathi kosayizi (ukuze inhlanzi ingadliwa) nobudlova (ukuze i-axolotl uqobo yayo ingahlupheki).
Kepha, kukhona okuhlukile emthethweni ngamunye okuvumela ukuthi ugcine ama-axolotls nezinhlanzi. Futhi lokhu okuhlukile kuyinhlanzi yegolide. Ziyahamba kancane, futhi uma zondliwe kahle, iningi ngeke lizame nokujaha i-axolotl.
Bambalwa kuphela abazozama, bazothola ingcosana ebuhlungu futhi bahlale kude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina i-goldfish futhi kudinga ukushisa kwamanzi okuphansi, kubenze bakhethe kahle.
Noma kunjalo, indlela ephephe kunazo zonke ukugcina i-axolotl ngokuhlukile, ngethangi ngalinye. Iqiniso ngukuthi ziyingozi komunye nomunye, ama-axolotls amancane namancane ahlushwa amadala namakhulu futhi angalahlekelwa izitho noma adliwe.
Ukugcwala ngokweqile kuholela emiphumeleni efanayo lapho umuntu omkhulu ebulala encane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina kuphela abantu abalinganayo ku-aquarium ebanzi.
Ukondla
Idlani i-axolotl? Kwanele nje ukondla, njengoba ama-axolotls ayizilwane ezidlayo futhi akhetha ukudla kwezilwane. Usayizi nohlobo lokudla kuncike kumuntu ngamunye, ngokwesibonelo, badla ukudla okucwila kahle kwezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye, ezitholakala ngohlobo lwamaphilisi noma amaphilisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanikazi bahlinzeka izingcezu zezinhlanzi ezifakwe emanzini, inyama yezimfanzi, izibungu eziqoshiwe, inyama yezimbaza, ukudla okubandayo, izinhlanzi eziphilayo. Kuyiqiniso, lezi zamuva kufanele zigwenywe, ngoba zingathwala izifo, futhi ama-axolotls athambekele kakhulu kuzo.
Imithetho yokondla iyafana neyezinhlanzi - awukwazi ukweqisa ngokweqile bese ushiya imfucuza emanzini, ngoba lokho kudla kubola ngokushesha futhi konakalise amanzi ngokushesha.
Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa inyama yezilwane ezincelisayo njengokudla, ngoba iprotheni esiswini se-axolotl ayikwazi ukugaya.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Ukuhlobisa nokuhlomisa i-axolotl tank kuyindaba yokunambitheka, kepha kunamaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele. Ama-axolotl amancane namancane angagcinwa kuma-aquariums angama-50 litre.
Abantu abadala badinga ivolumu ethe xaxa, amalitha ayi-100 okungenani ama-axolotl eyodwa noma amabili. Uma uzoqukatha okungaphezulu kokukabili, bese ubala amalitha angama-50-80 evolumu eyengeziwe kumuntu ngamunye.
Inani elincane lezindawo zokukhosela, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuzophazamisa impilo, ngoba ama-axolotls ayizakhamuzi zasebusuku. Noma yini ifanele njengezindawo zokucasha: izinkuni zokukhukhumeza, amatshe amakhulu, amatshe e-ceramic angenalutho okugcina ama-cichlids, amabhodwe, ukhukhunathi nezinye izinto.
Into esemqoka ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuhlobisa ku-aquarium kufanele kungabi nemiphetho ebukhali kanye ne-burrs, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni kwesikhumba esibucayi sama-salamanders aseMexico. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi inani lezindawo zokukhosela likhulu kunenani labantu e-aquarium, kufanele babe nokuzikhethela.
Lokhu kuzobavumela ukuthi bagweme, futhi uzoba nekhanda, ngoba izingxabano ziholela ekunqunyweni kwemilenze, amanxeba noma nokufa.
Ukuhlunga amanzi kuhluke kancane kulokho okudingwa yizinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ama-Axolotls akhetha ukuhamba kancane futhi isihlungi esinamandla esakha ukugeleza kwamanzi sizocindezela.
Ngokwemvelo, ubumsulwa bamanzi kubalulekile, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhethe phakathi kwamandla nokusebenza kahle. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kakhulu ukuhlunga kwangaphakathi ngendwangu yokuwasha, njengoba inamandla anele, kepha ayidali umsinga onamandla kangako, futhi kubiza okuncane kakhulu.
Amanzi ayashintsha ngokuya ngomgomo ofanayo nowezinhlanzi, ushintsho oluncane lwamasonto Uma kwenzeka ama-axolotls kuphela, udinga ukuqapha amapharamitha wamanzi ngokucophelela, ngoba makhulu, udle ukudla kwamaprotheni futhi azwela ukuhlanzeka ku-aquarium.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadli ngokweqile futhi ususe imfucumfucu yokudla.
Ama-Axolotls cishe awanawo amathambo, ikakhulukazi kwabancane. Iningi lamathambo awo akhiwa izicubu ezinesigaxa, futhi isikhumba sawo sincane futhi sibuthakathaka. Ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuthi ubathinte ngaphandle uma kunesidingo.
Uma udinga ukubamba le salamander, sebenzisa inetha lendwangu elijiyile, elithambile elinama-meshes amancane, noma ingilazi noma isitsha sepulasitiki.
Umbala
Ukukhethwa kwamafomu ombala kuma-axolotls kuyamangalisa. Ngokwemvelo, imvamisa iba nsundu ngombala enezindawo ezimpunga noma ezimnyama. Kepha kukhona namafomu ombala okhanyayo, anezindawo ezahlukahlukene ezimnyama emzimbeni.
Okuthandwa kakhulu kuma-amateurs ngama-albino, anemibala emibili - emhlophe negolide. UWhite uyi-albino enamehlo abomvu, kanti i-axolotl yegolide ifana naye, amabala egolide kuphela ahambisana nomzimba.
Eqinisweni, kunezinketho eziningi ezahlukahlukene, futhi ezintsha zihlala zivela. Isibonelo, ososayensi muva nje bakhiqize i-axolotl eshintshwe izakhi zofuzo eneprotheni eluhlaza okotshani. Lezi zingulube zikhanya ngombala we-fluorescent ngaphansi kwezibani ezikhethekile.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Ukuzalela ama-axolotls kulula ngokwanele. Insikazi kowesilisa ingahlukaniswa nge-cloaca, kowesilisa iyaphuma futhi iqonde, kanti kowesifazane kuyashelela futhi akubonakali.
Isisusa sokuzalela ukushintsha kokushisa kwamanzi unyaka wonke, futhi uma ama-axolotls agcinwa egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa lingazinzile, khona-ke konke kuyazenzakalela.
Ungakhuthaza nokuzalanisa ngokwakho ngokunciphisa ubude bamahora emini futhi wandise izinga lokushisa kwamanzi. Bese wengeza usuku futhi bese wehlisa izinga lokushisa. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukugcina owesilisa nowesifazane ngokwehlukana, bese bebeka ku-aquarium efanayo, ngamanzi apholile.
Lapho imidlalo yokukhwelana isiqalile, owesilisa ukhipha ama-spermatophores, ama-clump amancane wesidoda aqoqwa ngowesifazane nge-cloaca yakhe. Kamuva, uzobeka amaqanda avundisiwe ezitshalweni, kepha-ke, uma ungenawo, ungawasebenzisa awokufakelwa.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, abakhiqizi bangafakwa noma badluliselwe ku-aquarium ehlukile. Amaqanda azochanyuselwa emasontweni amabili noma amathathu, kuya ngesilinganiso sokushisa kwamanzi bese kuthi izibungu zibukeke njengefry fish.
Ukudla abakuqalayo yi-Artemia nauplii, iDaphnia, ne-microworm. Njengoba ikhula, usayizi wokuphakelayo uyakhuphuka futhi udluliselwe ukondla ama-axolotls abantu abadala.
