Izinhlobo zezinja zezinkomo zase-Australia ekuqaleni zazivela e-Australia. Inja eyelusayo esize ukuqhuba imihlambi emazweni anzima. Ngosayizi omaphakathi nenezinwele ezimfishane, zinemibala emibili - eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu.
Izifushaniso
- Izinja Zenkomo Zase-Australia zisebenza ngokweqile, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Badinga ukusebenza njalo, ukukhathala ukuvikela ezinkingeni zokuziphatha.
- Ukulunywa nokulunywa kuyingxenye yemvelo yabo yemvelo. Ukukhulisa kahle izingane, ukuzihlanganisa nabantu kanye nokugada kunciphisa lokhu kubonakaliswa, kepha ungakususi nakancane.
- Esondelene kakhulu nomnikazi, abafuni ukuhlukana naye okwesikhashana.
- Bazwana kabi nezingane ezincane nezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukuphela kwendlela yokwenza abangani ukubakhulisa ndawonye. Kepha akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Okwesondlo udinga igceke elikhulu kakhulu, awekho amafulethi. Futhi bangabalekela kuyo befuna ukuzijabulisa.
Umlando wozalo
Umlando wenja yeketela yase-Australia yaqala ngo-1802, lapho uGeorge Hall nomndeni wakhe besuka eNgilandi baya e-Australia. Umndeni uzinze eNew South Wales esanda kukhethwa ngenhloso yokufuya imfuyo ezothengiswa eSydney, ngaleso sikhathi okuyidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Australia.
Ubunzima kwakuwukuthi isimo sezulu sasishisa futhi somile, sasingaqhathaniseki neze nezinkambu eziluhlaza nezimanzi zaseBritish Isles. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfuyo kwakufanele iklabe emathafeni amakhulu futhi angavikelekile, lapho ingozi yayilindelwe khona. Kanye nenkinga yokuqoqa nokuhambisa imfuyo ngamakhulu amakhilomitha omhlaba onokhahlo.
Izinja zokwelusa ezilethwe zazingashintshi kahle ukuze zisebenze ezimweni ezinjalo, futhi zazingekho nje izinja zendawo. Ukufuya imfuyo kwakutholakala eduze kwamadolobha amakhulu, lapho imfuyo yayidla khona ngaphansi kweso lezingane emini. Ngakho-ke, wonke umsebenzi wezinja wehliselwa unogada nokuvikelwa kuma-dingoes asendle.
Naphezu kobunzima, umndeni uhlala uzimisele, unesibindi futhi ukhombisa amandla esimilo. UThomas Simpson Hall (1808-1870) oneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa wazibonakalisa kakhulu, ubheka izindawo ezintsha namadlelo, ebeka imizila eya enyakatho yezwe.
Ngenkathi ukuthuthela enyakatho kuthembisa izinzuzo ezinkulu, kunenkinga eyodwa edinga ukulungiswa ukuze ifinyelele izigidi zamahektare omhlaba. Ngaleso sikhathi, yayingekho indlela yokuletha imfuyo ukusuka lapho iye eSydney. Azikho izitimela futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuzulazula emihlambini yamakhulu amakhilomitha.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zilwane ziyehluka kulezo ezikhula ezibayeni, zi-semi-wild, ziyahlakazeka. UThomas uyabona ukuthi ukuze ahambise imfuyo, udinga izinja eziqinile futhi ezihlakaniphile ezingasebenza ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo futhi ziphathe izinkunzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yizinkunzi ezinezimpondo, okudala izinkinga kubo bobabili abelusi, izinja nezinkunzi uqobo. Inani elikhulu labo lifela endleleni.
Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, uThomas uqala izinhlelo ezimbili zokuzalela: umugqa wokuqala wezinja wokusebenza nezilwane ezinezimpondo, owesibili owezimpondo. IYurophu idume ngezinja zayo zokwelusa kanti abakwaSmithfield Collies beza e-Australia. Ngaphandle icishe ifane ne-bobtail, lama-collies asetshenziswa kakhulu eNgilandi ekwaluseni imfuyo.
Kodwa-ke, uThomas Hall ubathola bengakufanelekeli ukusetshenziswa, ngoba eNgilandi basebenza amabanga amafushane kakhulu futhi behamba isikhathi eside futhi abanamandla nje okwanele amabanga amakhilomitha amaningi okuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababekezeleli ukushisa kahle, ngoba isimo sezulu eNgilandi sihluke ngokuphelele. Ngalezi zizathu, uThomas Hall unquma ukudala inja ngezidingo zakhe bese eqala uhlelo.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi akayena owokuqala ukuzama ukudala uhlobo olunjalo. UJames "Jack" Timmins (1757-1837), ngaphambi kwakhe uwela izinja ezinamadayinasendle. Ama-mestizo avelile abizwa nge- "Red Bobtails" futhi azuza ifa le-dingo's stamina nokubekezelela ukushisa, kepha ahlala enesimo sasendle, esaba abantu.
UThomas Hall ukhombisa ukubekezela nokubekezela okukhulu, futhi ngo-1800 unemidlwane eminingi. Akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi hlobo luni lohlobo olwaluyisisekelo, kepha cishe luhlobo oluthile lwe-collie.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-collies ayengakafaniswa njenganamuhla, kodwa kunalokho kwakuyinhlanganisela yezinhlobo zomdabu zenani lazo lokusebenza. Uqala futhi ngokuziwela nomunye nomunye nangama-collies amasha kaSmithfield.
Kepha, akunampumelelo, izinja namanje azikwazi ukumelana nokushisa. Ngemuva kwalokho uxazulula inkinga ngokuwela i-collie ne-dingo efuyiwe. Izinja zasendle, i-dingo, ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu sayo, kepha abalimi abaningi bayazizonda ngoba ama-dingos adla imfuyo.
Kodwa-ke, uThomas uthola ukuthi ama-mestizo abonisa ubuhlakani obumangalisayo, ukukhuthazela, nezimfanelo ezinhle zokusebenza.
Ukuhlolwa kukaHolo kuyaphumelela, izinja zakhe zingalawula umhlambi, futhi zaziwe njengamaHele's Heelers, ngoba uzisebenzisela izidingo zakhe kuphela.
Uyabona ukuthi lezi zinja ziyinzuzo enhle yokuncintisana futhi, yize zifunwa, ziyenqaba ukuthengisa imidlwane kuwo wonke umuntu ngaphandle kwamalungu omndeni nabangane abaseduze.
Kuzohlala kunjalo kuze kube ngu-1870, lapho uHall eshona, ipulazi ngeke lehle futhi lizothengiswa. Izinja ziyatholakala kanti ezinye izinhlobo zixubaniswa negazi lazo, inani lazo okusaphikiswana ngalo.
Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1870, umthengisi webhasikidi waseSydney uFred Davis wawahlanganisa neBull Terriers ukwengeza ukuqina. Kepha, ngenxa yalokho, ukuqina kuyancipha futhi izinja ziqala ukubamba izinkunzi esikhundleni sokuziqondisa.
Yize uhlu lozalo lukaDavis ekugcineni luzothathelwa indawo ngegazi labelaphi base-Australia, ezinye izinja zisazodla ifa lezimpawu zalo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, abafowethu ababili, uJack noHarry Bagust, bazala abelusi babo base-Australia namaDalmatiya angeniswe evela eNgilandi. Umgomo ukwandisa ukuhambisana kwawo namahhashi nethoni phansi kancane.
Kepha futhi, izimfanelo zokusebenza ziyahlupheka. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1880, igama elithi abelaphi baseHholo lashiywa kakhulu, izinja zabizwa ngokuthi abelaphi abaluhlaza kanye nabelaphi ababomvu, kuya ngombala wazo.
Ngo-1890, iqembu labafuyi kanye nama-hobbyists bakha iCattle Dog Club. Bagxila ekuzaleni lezi zinja, bebiza lo mhlobo ngokuthi yi-Australian Healer noma i-Australian Herding Dog. Abaphilisi abahlaza okwesibhakabhaka bahlonishwa kakhulu kunokubomvu, ngoba kukholakala ukuthi abomvu basenamadingo amaningi. Ngo-1902 lolu hlobo lwaluvele luqiniswe ngokwanele futhi izinga lokuqala lokuzalwa lalibhalwa.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, amabutho amaningi agcina lezi zinja njengama-mascot, kwesinye isikhathi ephula imithethonqubo. Kepha bathola ukuthandwa kwangempela ngemuva kokufika eMelika. Amasosha aseMelika ahambela e-Australia futhi aletha imidlwane ekhaya njengoba kukhona abalimi abaningi nabafuyi bezinkomo phakathi kwabo. Futhi amakhono okusebenza kwe-Australian Shepherd Dog ayabamangaza.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960, kwakhiwa iQueensland Heeler Club of America, eyayizokuba yi-Australian Cattle Dog Club of America (ACDCA). Iqembu ligqugquzela abelaphi e-United States kwathi ngo-1979 i-American Kennel Club yabona lo mhlobo. Ngo-1985 i-United Kennel Club (UKC) iyayijoyina.
Kusukela yethulwa e-United States, i-Australian Cattle Dog isiyathandwa impela futhi ikleliswe endaweni yama-64 kwezingu-167 ngokwezibalo ze-AKC. Kodwa-ke, lesi sibalo sikhombisa izinja ezibhaliswe ne-AKC, hhayi zonke.
Njengakwezinye izinhlobo zemfashini, i-Australian Kettle Dog iba yizilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Kodwa-ke, bagcina amakhono abo okusebenza, baba izinja ezidumile ezweni labo.
Incazelo yohlobo
Izinja Zabelusi Zase-Australia zifana nama-collies kodwa zehlukile kuzo. Le yinja enesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, eyeduna ebunayo ifinyelela ku-46-51 cm, i-bitch engu-43-48 cm. Iningi lazo linesisindo esisukela ku-15 kuye ku-22 kg.
Zimfushane ngobude futhi zide ngokusobala. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kuyinja esebenzayo futhi konke ekubukekeni kwayo kufanele kukhulume ngokubekezela kanye nokuncintisana.
Zibukeka zemvelo kakhulu futhi zilinganisiwe futhi azikhuluphele uma zithola umsebenzi owanele. Umsila wabaphilisi mfushane, kepha kunalokho uwugqinsi, kwabanye uboshiwe, kepha kuyaqabukela bekwenza lokhu, ngoba lapho begijima basebenzisa umsila njengephini lokuqondisa.
Inhloko nesifonyo kufana nedingo. Isitobhu sithambile, isifonyo sigeleza kahle ngaphandle kogebhezi. Sinobude obuphakathi nendawo kepha sibanzi. Umbala wezindebe nekhala kufanele uhlale umnyama, kungakhathalekile umbala wejazi.
Amehlo amile okweqanda, aphakathi nendawo ngosayizi o-hazel noma onsundu ngokumnyama. Ukuvezwa kwamehlo kwehlukile - kuyinhlanganisela yobuhlakani, ububi kanye nobudlova. Izindlebe ziqondile, zimile, zibekiwe zibanzi ekhanda. Iringi yokukhombisa, kukhethwa izindlebe ezincane ukuya ezilinganisweni, kepha uma zenziwa zingaba nkulu kakhulu.
Uboya benzelwe ukuzivikela ezimeni ezinzima. Kabili, ngengubo yangaphansi emfushane, eminyene nangesimo sezulu sonke.
Ekhanda nasengaphambili, imfishane kancane.
Izinyanga zase-Australia ziza ngemibala emibili: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu okunamachashazi. Kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okumnyama nokumhlophe kuhlelwe ukuze inja ibonakale iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Zingaba tan, kepha azidingeki.
Amachashazi abomvu, njengoba negama lisho, ambozwe ngamachashazi emzimbeni wonke. Ukumaka ujinja kuvame ukutholakala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ezindlebeni naseduze kwamehlo. Izinyanga zase-Australia zizalwa zimhlophe noma zikhilimu ngombala futhi zimnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuyisici esivela ku-dingo.
Ososayensi babheka izinja eziyi-11, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwabantu okwakuyiminyaka eyi-11.7, okuyiminyaka eyi-16 enkulu.
Abanikazi babika ukuthi lapho inakekelwa kahle, umelaphi unempilo iminyaka eyi-11 kuya kwengu-13.
Uhlamvu
Njengenye yezinhlobo eziqinile futhi eziqinile kunazo zonke izinja, abelaphi banobuntu obufanayo. Zithembekile kakhulu futhi zizolandela inkosi yazo nomaphi lapho ziya khona.
Izinja zinamathele kakhulu emndenini futhi azibekezeleli isikhathi eside sesizungu kabi ngokweqile. Ngasikhathi sinye, azibonakali futhi zingancamela ukulala ezinyaweni zazo kunokuzama ukugibela emadolweni azo.
Imvamisa banamathele kumuntu oyedwa kunakuwo wonke umndeni, kepha komunye banobungane futhi bayahlala. Kepha nalabo ababathandayo, bakha ubungani obuqinile kangangokuba abaniniyo bayabathanda. Lokho akubavimbeli ekubeni babuse futhi bangabafaneli kahle abafuyi bezinja abangenalwazi.
Ngokuvamile abanabo ubungane kubantu ongabazi. Ngokwemvelo bayasola ngabantu abangabazi futhi bangaba nolaka impela. Ngokuhlangana kahle kwabantu, bazoba nesizotha, kepha cishe bangabi nobungane.
Bahle ekwamukeleni amalungu amasha omndeni, kepha badinga isikhathi esithile ukuze ubazi. Izinja ezingazange zihlangane zingagcinwa kakhulu futhi zibe nolaka kubantu ongabazi.
Ziyizinja eziqaphile kakhulu, ezizwelayo futhi ezinakile. Kodwa-ke, bakulungele ukuluma noma ngubani futhi banokuqonda okuncane ukuthi amandla adingeka kuphi futhi kuphi.
Imvamisa bathola ulimi oluvamile kangcono ezinganeni ezindadlana (kusuka eminyakeni engu-8 ubudala). Banomzwelo onamandla kakhulu wobukhosi, obenza bacindezele konke okuhamba (kufaka phakathi abantu) ngemilenze, futhi izingane ezincane zingashukumisa lesi silingo ngezenzo zazo. Ngasikhathi sinye, bayasola nezingane zabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi lapho bememeza, begijima futhi bengayihloniphi indawo yenyanga.
Abaphilisi base-Australia bahlala befuna ukubusa futhi lokhu kuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni nezinye izinja. Banobukhosi obumangalisayo, indawo futhi banomuzwa oqinile wobunikazi.
Yize bengayifuni impi, ngeke bayigweme nayo. Imvamisa zigcinwa zodwa, noma nomuntu oyedwa wobulili obuhlukile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umnikazi athathe isikhundla esiholayo, esivelele endlini.
Yize zenzelwe ukusebenza nezinye izilwane, abelaphi base-Australia kumele baqeqeshwe ukugwema izinkinga. Zinomzwelo onamandla wokuzingela futhi zixosha izilwane ezincane ezinjengamakati, ama-hamsters, ama-weasel kanye nama-squirrels. Bangakubekezelela ukuba sekhaya uma bekhule ndawonye, kepha hhayi bonke.
Kepha bahlakaniphe kakhulu, futhi bavame ukuwela ezinhlotsheni eziyishumi ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi edinga amandla akhethekile noma inzwa yokuhogela, akukho lutho inja eyelusayo engayifundanga. Noma kunjalo, ukuqeqeshwa kungahle kungabi lula kangako. Abaphili ukukhonza umuntu, bakhonza kuphela lowo abamhloniphayo.
Abelaphi abaningi banenkani futhi bayingozi ekuqeqeshweni, futhi balalela kuphela umnikazi wabo obalawula njengabakhulu kakhulu. Inselelo enkulu ukugcina inja inentshisekelo yokufunda. Bayashesha ukubhoreka, ikakhulukazi ngemisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, futhi bayeke nje ukulalela.
Badinga umsebenzi omningi noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo. Kwabaningi, ubuncane obukhulu ngamahora ama-2-3 ngosuku, futhi ukugijima, hhayi ukuhamba. Futhi lokho ubuncane. Izinja zokwalusa zase-Australia, kuyadingeka igceke elikhulu kakhulu, lapho zingagijima khona usuku lonke, futhi ubukhulu bayo kufanele okungenani bube ngamahektare angama-20-30.
Kodwa-ke, bayathanda futhi ukubaleka. Njengoba kunendawo enkulu, bathanda ukumba futhi babe nelukuluku elinamandla. Cishe wonke umuntu uyathanda ukutadisha umhlaba obazungezile futhi ubanikeze nje ithuba ngesango elivulekile noma i-wicket. Igceke kumele lithembeke kakhulu, ngoba abakwazi kuphela ukubukela phansi uthango, kepha futhi bakhuphuka phezu kwalo. Futhi yebo, bangavula umnyango.
Abanikazi abangakwazi ukubanikeza umsebenzi noma umsebenzi akufanele babe nenja enjalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uzoba nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuziphatha nezengqondo.
Ukuziphatha okulimazayo, ulaka, ukukhonkotha, ukungasebenzi kahle nezinye izinto ezimnandi.
Ukunakekela
Akukho ukuzilungisa ngobungcweti. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyama, kepha ngokwesisekelo bangenza ngaphandle kwayo. Ufunani? I-Dingo…
