IBorder Collie luhlobo lwenja eyelusayo, edabuka emngceleni we-Anglo-Scottish, lapho yayisetshenziselwa ukuphatha imihlambi yemfuyo, ikakhulukazi izimvu. IBorder Collies yaziwa ngobuhlakani bayo, amandla, ama-acrobatics futhi incintisana ngempumelelo kwezemidlalo. Uhlobo luthathwa njengeluhlakaniphe kunazo zonke izinja ezifuywayo.
Izifushaniso
- Bahlakaniphile, bayaphendula futhi bavame ukuphendula imiyalo ngaphambi kokuba inikezwe. Ukulindela ngokoqobo izifiso.
- Yinja ehlakaniphile kunazo zonke, ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi e-University of British Columbia eholwa nguStanley Coren.
- Lawa asebenza ngokweqile adinga umsebenzi wengqondo nowomzimba, ukukhishwa kwamandla. Ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nezinkinga ezinkulu ngokuziphatha.
- Bakha konke okuhambayo: amakati, izingane, abantu abadala, izingwejeje, abagibeli bamabhayisikili. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga komakhelwane nezingane ezincane.
- Umsindo, ukugijima nokuhilizisana kwezingane kungokwemvelo, kanti iBorder Collie izama ukuncinza, ukuqondisa noma ukukhonkotha. Akunconywa ukuthi ubagcine emindenini enezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala.
- Ukuzibandakanya emphakathini kukuvumela ukuthi ususe amahloni nolaka, ukuqeqeshwa - isimilo esingathandeki.
- Bangamakhosi okuphunyuka, abakwazi ukukhuphuka uthango nokuvula umnyango.
Umlando wozalo
Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, umlando wecollie collie umnyama kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, inja esiyaziyo namuhla yaqala ukuvela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zendawo. AmaCollies aziwa ukuthi abekhona e-UK amakhulu, uma kungenjalo izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kepha akekho owaziyo ukuthi aqala nini noma kanjani ezweni.
Ngisho negama uqobo lwalo - collie, lihunyushwa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ochwepheshe abaningi bathambekele ekukholweni ukuthi ivela ku-Anglo-Saxon "col", okusho ukuthi mnyama.
Izimvu zaseScotland zinamafinyila amnyama futhi zibizwa ngamaColleys noma ama Coalies. Ngokwalo mbono, izinja ezalusayo ezazihamba nalezi zimvu zazibizwa ngoColley Dogs, bese zimane zithi Colley.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abanye ochwepheshe bayiphikisile le mbono, bekholelwa ukuthi leli gama livela kwelesiGaelic "cailean", esingahunyushwa cishe njengenja.
Konke esingakusho ngokuqinisekile: IBorder Collies ibihlala e-UK amakhulu eminyaka futhi yasetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimvu kanye neminye imfuyo. Zitholakala kakhulu eWales, eScotland naseNyakatho yeNgilandi. Umbono odume kakhulu ukuthi bafika namaRoma, athumba iziqhingi ngo-43 AD. e.
Ngokuya ngamaqiniso amathathu: amaRoma ayenezinhlobo eziningana zezinja ezalusayo, zaziphethe izwe isikhathi eside, futhi ziyefana kakhulu nezinja zezwekazi ezifana neBeauceron.
Kuliqiniso, omunye umbono uthi sebekhulile kakhulu futhi bebesebenza kumaCelt. Njengobufakazi, umehluko phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zokufuya kanye neqiniso elitholakala kuphela eBritish Isles, inqaba yokugcina yamaCelt, kukhonjisiwe.
Akubalulekanga kangako ukuthi balethwe, noma ekuqaleni babehlala eziqhingini, kepha kwakuse-UK lapho bakhula baba uhlobo lwanamuhla. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, bakhuliswa ngenhloso eyodwa - ukusiza ngemfuyo, futhi ikhwalithi yokusebenza yafakwa ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye.
Abafuyi bakhethe izinja eziqinile kakhulu, ezilawulekayo nezihlakaniphile ezinamandla okufunda esikoleni namandla okusebenza kahle.
Ingaphandle lalinentshisekelo kuphela lapho lihlanganiswe nokusebenza, inja kwakufanele ibe nosayizi ofanele futhi nezinwele ezikwazi ukuyivikela esimweni sezulu. Lokhu kwaholela ezinjeni eziningi ezifanayo ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-collies.
Lapho ukuthandwa kufika, kwavela ukuthi kwakukhona inqwaba yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-collies emingcele kulo lonke elase-UK, kepha abanikazi babengenandaba nemibukiso, babeyizinja ezisebenza kuphela.
Ukucabanga kwabo kwaqala ukushintsha kuphela ngawo-1860s, lapho iNdlovukazi uVictoria ithandana neRough Border Collie ngesikhathi ivakashele eBarmolar Castle (eScotland). Wenza izinja zathandwa futhi abanikazi abaningi bafuna ukulinganisa uhlobo.
Abasenandaba nezimfanelo zokusebenza, kepha bakhetha izinja ezinhle kakhulu, eziwele ngama-greyhound nezinye izinhlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinja zaba nenhle futhi zahlangabezana nezinga, kepha izimfanelo zazo zokusebenza zehla kakhulu.
Izinja ezisebenzayo zaqala ukujeziswa kanzima yi-English Kennel Club futhi kusukela lapho, ulayini waze waba izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, abanikazi bezinja abasebenzayo babona izinzuzo zezincwadi zokufunda kanye nemincintiswano ehlelekile. Kubo, imincintiswano esebenziseka kakhulu yilezo lapho inja ingazibonakalisa ivela ohlangothini olusebenzayo.
Yile ndlela eyavela ngayo imincintiswano yokuqala yenja eyelusayo, eyaduma ezweni lonke. Omunye wompetha bokuqala kwakuyinja ye-tricolor egama lingu-Old Hemp, ezolile futhi ebukeka ngokukhalipha. Iningi lamakholomu omngcele wanamuhla aqhamuka kuye.
Ekuphumeleleni kwemincintiswano enjalo, i-ISDS (International Sheep Dog Society) yasungulwa, umphakathi ozinikele ekwenzeni ngcono uhlobo. Ekuqaleni, ibigxile ezinjeni ezisuka emngceleni ophakathi kweScotland neNgilandi, ibhekwa njengezingezinye zezinhle kakhulu.
Ngo-1915, uNobhala weNhlangano uJames Reid waqala wasebenzisa igama elithi Border Collie ukuhlukanisa izinja ezincintisana nemincintiswano ye-ISDS kumaScottish Collies. Igama lanamathela, futhi ngokushesha cishe zonke izinja ezisebenzayo zaqala ukubizwa kanjalo.
Ngo-1965, i-United Kennel Club iyalwamukela lolu hlobo ngokusemthethweni, iba nemibukiso, kepha ngokuvamile ikhetha izimfanelo zokusebenza. Abafuyi baseBrithani bakhetha i-UKC, futhi abayethembi i-American Kennel Club. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi i-AKC inqaba ukwamukela lolu hlobo, bathi izinga layo alithuthukisiwe ngokwanele.
Kancane kancane, lezi zinja ziya ngokuya zanda e-United States, futhi isimo sengqondo ngazo siyashintsha. Manje sezihlonishwa yizinhlangano ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi zingama-47 ethandwa kakhulu e-United States, ezinhlotsheni eziyi-167 ezibhalisiwe.
IBorder Collie ibhekwa njengezinja ezihlakaniphe kunazo zonke emhlabeni. futhi ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene. Okungenani kunenja eyodwa ebiyazi imiyalo engaphezu kwe-1000 futhi lokhu kubhaliwe. Ngenxa yobuhlakani babo nokukwazi kwabo ukufunda, abasetshenziswa kuphela ekuzalelweni kwezinkomo.
Lezi yizinja zensizakalo ezisebenza emasikweni, ezinsizakalweni eziphuthumayo, futhi zisetshenziswa njengezinja eziqondisayo.
Incazelo
Izinja ezisebenzayo zihluke kakhulu ekubukeni, njengoba zithola ukunakwa okuncane. Ngokuvamile, kuyinja enesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, enengubo ende, enesisindo futhi ekhipha kakhulu. Abesilisa ekubuneni bafinyelela ku-48-56 cm, abesifazane 46-53 cm.
Ijazi liphindwe kabili, lingaba likhulu noma lithambe, liqonde futhi ligobeke. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2: i-shaggy ende emaphakathi nezinwele ezimfishane.
Yize umbala omnyama nomhlophe kungumbala ovame kakhulu, i-coli yomngcele ingaba cishe noma yimuphi umbala noma umbala. Lawa ama-tricolors (amnyama-amnyama-amhlophe) nemabula ne-monochromatic, ngisho nokuhlangana.
Umbala wamehlo usukela ku-hazel kuya kohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi kungahle kube ne-heterochromia (imibala ehlukahlukene yamehlo, imvamisa ezinjeni ezihlanganayo).
Izindlebe azisaleli emuva ngokuhlukahluka: ukuma, ukulenga, ukuma okumi. Yize abanikazi bezinja ezisebenzayo benokuthandwa (bagwema izinja ezimhlophe, bakholelwa ukuthi abazesabi izimvu), ingaphandle labo lidlala indima encane.
Bayabazisa ngokusebenza nangobuhlakani babo, hhayi ngendlela ababukeka ngayo.
Izinja ezinezinzalo azithandeki ngokwengeziwe emibonisweni, ngoba kufanele zihlangabezane namazinga ohlobo. Isibonelo, amehlo abo kufanele ahlakaniphe futhi abukhali, futhi umbala wamehlo wabo abawuthandayo kufanele ube nsundu.
Uhlamvu
Bangabantu abasebenza ngokweqile, imithambo emikhulu kakhulu yezinhlobo zokwalusa. Izinja ezihlanzekile azinamandla kunezinja ezisebenzayo, kodwa lo mehluko uzobonakala kuphela kumalusi. IBorder Collies igxile kubantu, ifuna ukuba nomnikazi futhi ayikuthandi ukuba wedwa. Uma inja ishiywa yodwa isikhathi eside, iyoba nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuziphatha.
Maqondana nabantu abangabazi, bayaxwaya, ngokuhlangana kahle nabantu bazoba nesizotha, kepha bahlukane. Yize ukuhlukumeza abantu ongabazi kungeyona into yalolu hlobo, kungenzeka.
Ama-collies amaningi emingcele alandela umuzwa kamalusi, azama ukulawula abantu angabazi, futhi akwenze ngendlela efakazelwe yokuncinza imilenze. Lokhu kuziphatha kulungiswa ngokuqeqeshwa. Njengoba lezi zinja zingezona ezendawo futhi zingenalo ulaka, azililungele kahle iqhaza lezinja, yize zivikela umhlambi.
Iningi labanikazi kanye nochwepheshe abakukhuthazi ukubagcina emindenini enezingane ezincane, engaphansi kweminyaka engu-8-10. Banesifiso sokushayela esinamandla futhi bancinza izimvu ngemilenze ukuziqondisa. Bangaziphatha ngendlela efanayo nezingane, kanye ne-collie yomngcele ayithandi umsindo nokugijima, izingane ezincane ziyabethusa futhi zibaphoxe.
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka lezi zinja zisebenza nezilwane, imvamisa zingamaphakethe nezinye izinja. Ngenxa yalokho, banobungane kakhulu nezihlobo, izinkinga azivamile ukuvela. Kodwa-ke, baqeqeshelwe ukuvikela izimvu zabo ezinjeni ezinjengezilwane zasendle futhi basola kakhulu abantu abangabazi. Ubudlova obufanayo bungaba kwezinye izinja zobulili obufanayo ezihlangana nazo ngenkathi zihamba.
Ikhiqizwe kahle, iBorder Collie ayinalo ulaka kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. Kepha, nansi indaba efanayo neyezingane, isifiso sokulawula konke okuzungezile. Lokhu kuholela ezinkingeni: ngamahhashi (angahambisa inselo ngompintshi), amakati (lawa awathandi ukuzilawula ngokwawo) namagundane amancane, angafa ngalezo zinyathelo. Ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele, umzwelo wemvelo uyacasulwa, kepha akunakususwa ngokuphelele.
IBorder Collie ihamba phambili ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, ezikwazi ukufunda nokuqedela noma iyiphi inselelo. Ziphakathi kwezinja ezihamba phambili ezihamba phambili futhi zisebenza kahle emincintiswaneni efana nokuqina nokulalela.
Ijubane lokufunda kwabo liyamangalisa, ngokwesilinganiso kuthatha impinda emihlanu yenja ukuthi ikhumbule futhi iqonde, futhi empeleni abakhohlwa abakufundile. Futhi ngokungalindelekile, akulula ukubaqeqesha. Bahlakaniphe kangangoba bahamba izinyathelo ezimbalwa ngaphambi komqeqeshi futhi bakhathale yimisebenzi eyisicefe.
Izinja eziningi ziyakuqonda okulungele zona nokuthi yini engafanele futhi zihlala kulo mugqa, zikhohlise umuntu. Ebusheni, babusa kakhulu futhi bangaphonsela inselelo ilungelo lobukhulu ephaketheni. Umgomo yilokhu: umqeqeshi onolwazi uzokwenza umngani okhaliphile futhi olalelayo aphume enjeni, umnikazi ongenalwazi - isilo esingalawuleki nesingenazinjongo.
Futhi zinomdlandla ngokweqile futhi zidinga ukucindezelwa okuningi. Ama-kelpies ase-Australia kuphela, adinga imithwalo emikhulu kakhulu, angaphikisana nawo. Cishe akunakwenzeka ngomndeni ojwayelekile ukuthi unikeze inani elinjalo lomsebenzi. Okungenani amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu wokugijima (hhayi ukuhamba), nsuku zonke. Ngokufanelekile, amahora amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa okusebenza, kepha angaba ngaphezulu. Qaphela ukuthi udinga ukulayisha ama-collies emingcele ngaphandle kokukhetha, ngaphandle kwalokho aqala ukuba nezinkinga ngokuziphatha nohlamvu. Ziba yingozi, zikhonkothe, zisebenze kakhulu, ziququde izinto, ziyeke ukuthobela.
Bancane, kepha bahlakaniphile futhi banamandla, bayakwazi ukucekela phansi yonke into esendlini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokwakho akuyona yonke into, udinga ukulayisha ngokwengqondo. Abanye babanikazi basindiswa ngemikhakha yezemidlalo: ukulalela nobukhali, lapho bakhombisa khona imiphumela ephezulu.
Elinye iphuzu kokuqukethwe - bangabalekela noma yikuphi. Uma ungeke weqe uthango, ungamba ngalo. Noma avule isango. Noma umnyango. Bayakwazi hhayi lokho.
Ukunakekela
Ngezinja eziphelele, ezinezinwele ezinde, ukuzilungisa kungaphezulu, kwesinye isikhathi abanikazi baphendukela ekusizeni komkhwenyana oqeqeshiwe. Izinja ezisebenzayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, azibhekene nokweqisa okunjalo.
IBorder Collies shed, kepha inani lejazi lehlukile kunenja nenja. Njengomthetho, kunoboya obuningi, abanye bangamboza ngokuphelele phansi namakhaphethi ngakho.
Ezempilo
I-Working Border Collie ingenye yezinhlobo zezinja ezinempilo kakhulu. Zikhuliswa kuphela ngenxa yokusebenza okuhle futhi imidlwane enokukhubazeka ibhujiswa lapho kusolwa kuqala. Futhi, banedamu elikhulu lofuzo, lapho ukuwela kungatholakali khona.
Abafuyi bezinja ezinjalo bathi izinja zokuhlobisa zibuthakathaka kancane, kepha izimpikiswano zabo azicaci.
Njengoba izinja eziningi zihlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, akunakwenzeka ukubala ngokunembile impilo yazo. Kepha, i-collie yomngcele ingenye yezinja eziphila isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezinosayizi ofanayo.
Iminyaka yokuphila kwabantu isukela eminyakeni eyi-12 kuya kwengu-15, yize iminyaka engu-16 nengu-17 kungezona ezejwayelekile.
