UCollie noma iScotland Shepherd Dog (English rough collie) wuhlobo lwezinja ezelusayo, ezalwa eNgilandi naseScotland. Ekuqaleni zazisebenza izinja, manje sekuyinja ehambisana nayo futhi kumane nje kungumngane.
AmaCollies anezinwele ezinde nezinwele ezimfishane. Emazweni amaningi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukene futhi azikwazi ukuwela, kodwa e-United States njengokunye nokuwela kuvunyelwe.
Ukudideka futhi kwengezwa iqiniso lokuthi izinja eziningi ezihlanzekile, ama-mestizo, abomdabu babizwa kanjalo. Ngegama elithi Scottish Shepherd Dog, ama-cynologists azama ukulihlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo futhi acacise.
Izifushaniso
- Lena yinja ehlakaniphile, elalelayo nethembekile. Uzinikele ngokungapheli emndenini.
- Zinezinwele ezinde nezinwele ezimfishane, zombili izinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukunakekelwa, kepha kukhona okuningi ngezinwele ezinde.
- Abaningi banokuzwela kwezidakamizwa odokotela bezilwane ngokuvamile abazi ngakho. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuxwayisa, ngoba ukusabela akunakulindeleka, kuze kube sehlakalweni se-anaphylactic nokufa.
- Bayazithanda izingane futhi badlala nabo, bangumzanyana omuhle nomngani.
- Inhlanzeko, noma kunjalo baqoqa imfucumfucu encane ngoboya babo ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
- Abantu abangaziwa baphathwa ngokuqapha, kepha hhayi ngolaka. Ngokuxhumana nabantu ngendlela efanele, banobungane, ngaphandle kwayo banamahloni futhi banamahloni.
Umlando wozalo
Yize kunemibono eminingi, akukho lutho olungashiwo ngokuqinisekile ngomlando wohlobo ngaphambi kwekhulu le-18 leminyaka. Baqhamuke ngesikhathi lapho bengagcinanga ngokubhala noma yini ngezinja, futhi bengabhalanga lutho phansi.
Ngisho nomsuka wegama unengxabano. Inkolelo ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi igama elithi collie livela ku-Anglo-Saxon "col" noma emnyama. Iqiniso ukuthi uhlobo lwendabuko lwezimvu eScotland olunobuso obumnyama ebusweni, futhi zibizwa ngokuthi: ama-coleys, ama-coallies, nama-coalleys.
Futhi izinja ezelusayo ezazigada lezi zimvu zaqale zabizwa ngokuthi "Izinja ze-Coallie", kwase kuthi le nkulumo yancishiswa.
Kukhona omunye umbono okushiwo leli gama ukuthi uvela ku-cailean noma u-coilean, futhi usho inja.
Lezi zinja sezihlale eNgilandi amakhulu eminyaka, uma kungenjalo izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Zazijwayeleke kakhulu eScotland, eNyakatho yeNgilandi, eWales, lapho zazigada khona futhi zeluse izimvu.
Njengegama lohlobo, imvelaphi yayo ayicacile, kuphela kusobala ukuthi indala. Kukholakala ukuthi baphuma ezinjeni ezifuywayo zamaRoma asendulo anqoba iBrithani ngo-43 BC. e. AmaRoma ayengabathandi bezinja abanolwazi, afuya izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa, kufaka phakathi izinja zokwalusa.
Lo mbono uphinde uxhaswe iqiniso lokuthi iScotland Shepherd Dogs ziyefana nabalingani bazo eYurophu, isibonelo, neBeauceron.
Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo ludala kakhulu futhi lwaluyinja yokwelusa ngisho naphakathi kwamaCelt. Babanga ukuthi izinja zafika namaCelt eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule, ziphakamisa usuku lokuzalwa lohlobo olusuka emakhulwini ambalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zeminyaka BC.
Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani lolu hlobo lwenja luvame kakhulu ezifundeni ezinegugu leCeltic futhi aluvamile kakhulu ezifundeni zesiNgisi.
Kodwa-ke, akanaki ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zaziswa e-UK futhi ngokuqinisekile zaba nomthelela ku-purebred collie.
Akunandaba ukuthi zavela kuphi futhi nini lezi zinja, zazinomsebenzi owodwa - wokulusa izimvu. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka besiza abaninizo ukuqoqela izimvu emhlambini bese beziholela emadlelweni, beqoqa ezidukile endleleni.
Babaziswa ngezimfanelo zabo zokusebenza, yize ubuhlakani nokuqeqeshwa kwakungekho ngaphansi kwenani. Kodwa ukubonakala kwabalimi kwakungathandeki kangako. Lokhu kwaba njalo kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu le-18.
Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ama-collies bekungelona uhlobo olulodwa, bamane baqoka uhlobo lwenja. Kwakunenqwaba yezinja ezinokubukeka okuhlukile, ikakhulukazi ezomdabu. Yize zazifana ngokuma komzimba, ubukhulu nosayizi, bezihluka kakhulu ngombala, izindlebe nomlomo.
Zazivame kakhulu eWales, eScotland naseNyakatho yeNgilandi. UCollies owayehlala eScotland waziwa namuhla ngokuthi iScotland Shepherds. Kusukela okungenani ngekhulu le-16 babekhona ngokuhluka kwezinwele ezinde nezinwele ezimfushane.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, kwaqhamuka amakilabhu okuqala wezinja eNgilandi, aqala ukugcina izincwadi. Ngemuva kwabo, imibukiso ibonakala njengendlela yokuthola ukuthi iyiphi inja engcono. Le mibukiso ibanjwa ikakhulukazi ngezinja zokuzingela, ezithandwa ngabaphakathi nabaphezulu.
Bayakugwema ukuhlangana, ngoba abanikazi babo abanandaba nanoma yimuphi umbukiso, ngaphandle kokuthi kuthinta izimfanelo zikamalusi. Izinja zokuqala zangena embukisweni kuphela ngo-1860, njengezinja zokwelusa zaseScotland.
Babeyohlala beyiqoqo elihlukanisiwe lezinhlobo zabomdabu uma kungengenxa yowesifazane oyedwa - iNdlovukazi uVictoria. Omunye wabamele abanethonya kakhulu ebukhosini, uba umhleli wemfashini nokunambitheka.
Noma yini ayikhethayo, iba yinto ethandwa ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi evakashele iBarmolar Castle, unikezwa imidlwane.
Ukuthakazelisa, akabi umnikazi kuphela, kepha futhi ungumfuyi futhi ugcina izinja eziningi. Baningi abalandeli, nabangewona abalimi, abafuna ukulinganisa uhlobo futhi babambe iqhaza kulo mbukiso.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, bakha inja ewela ngaphansi kwezinga elijwayelekile futhi elingahlanzekile, elikwazi ukuhlala hhayi kuphela emaphandleni, kodwa futhi nasedolobheni. Usayizi wayo nawo uyanda, kepha ukusebenza kwezimpawu kuncishiswe kakhulu. Kepha, ukuthandwa kwangempela kuza kuzalo eMelika.
Lezi zinja zingena kuso isikhathi eside, kepha njengaseNgilandi, zisebenza ngenhloso eziyifunayo. Kepha noma ifika imfashini yemibukiso yezinja nama-collies amsulwa ayaziswa kakhulu.
Abangenisi baseMelika bangenisa izinja zabacebile nabadumile. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, baye bathandwa phakathi kwezigidigidi, kuhlanganise noMorgan.
Futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1930, abantu baseMelika abavamile nabo bayabathanda. Phakathi kuka-1920 no-1930, umfuyi waseMelika u-Albert Payson Terhune washicilela uchungechunge lwezindaba ezimfishane namanoveli, iningi lawo eliphathelene nezinja zakhe. Lezi zincwadi zithandwa kakhulu futhi zenza lukhulu ukukhulisa inani labalandeli bohlobo.
Kodwa-ke, umthelela walezi zincwadi awufani nalowo ka-Eric Knight. Ngo-1938, ushicilela indaba emfushane ngenja ethembekile futhi ehlakaniphile ebizwa nge- "Lassie Comes Home", eba yindumezulu futhi ikhule ibe yindaba emfushane. Ngo-1943, ifilimu yadutshulwa ngesisekelo sayo.
Ifaka uRough Collie futhi ukuthandwa kwefilimu kuyinto emangalisayo. Umbukiso wethelevishini okhishiwe uhlala amasizini angama-19, eziwombeni eziningi iRough Collie isindisa abantu ezinkingeni.
ILassie iba yisithonjana, uphawu lokuthembeka nesibindi. Yize uLassie eyintombazane ngokusho kombhalo, wayehlala edlalwa ngabesilisa, ngoba banejazi elide futhi elihle kakhulu.
Alukho uhlobo e-United States oluhlotshaniswa kakhulu nomlingiswa oqanjiwe kuneRough Collie. AbaseMelika abaze bababize nangokuthi abelusi baseScotland, kodwa uLassie. Ngenxa yamafilimu, kusukela ngawo-1930 kuya kowe-1970, kwakungolunye lwezinhlobo ezazithandwa kakhulu eMelika, umngane othandwayo, kanye nenja yedolobha ejwayelekile.
Kuze kube muva nje, zombili lezi zinwele ezimfishane nezinwele ezinde zazibhekwa njengohlobo olufanayo. Yize kungavamile, bewela, kepha namuhla emazweni amaningi babhekwa njengezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwenzeke muva nje, ngokwesibonelo, e-UK ngo-1993.
Kepha eMelika, babhekwa njengohlobo olulodwa, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ubude bejazi futhi ngeke buhlukaniswe kungekudala.
Incazelo yohlobo
Ngenxa yodumo olumangalisayo lukaLassie, bambalwa esizukulwaneni esidala abangayiboni iRough Collie. Ngenxa yakhe, baziwa kangcono kunezingubo ezimfishane.
Ngaphandle, lokhu kwehluka kwehlukile, kepha empeleni kuyefana kukho konke ngaphandle kobude bejazi. Abelusi BaseScotland banamuhla ngandlela thile bakhulu kunokhokho babo. Abesilisa bafinyelela ku-56-61 cm ekubuneni, kanti abesifazane 51-56 cm.
Isisindo kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-30 kg. Yize iningi lomzimba lifihlwe ngaphansi koboya obukhulu, lezi yizinja ezinomusa, ezilinganisiwe, ayikho ingxenye yomzimba okufanele ivelele ngosayizi.
Umsila mude, ichopho ligobile kancane phezulu. Esimweni sokukhululeka, inja iyibamba phansi, kepha iyayiphakamisa lapho ijabule.
Ukuma kwekhanda nomlomo kuyisici esibalulekile njengoba sehlukanisa iScotland Collie kwezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo.
Iyalingana nomzimba futhi imincane, ngesigaxa esimile esime kahle kakhulu.
Amehlo amile okwe-alimondi, aphakathi nendawo, kwesinye isikhathi mancane, abekwe ngendlela efanelekile.
Iningi lezinja limnyama ngombala, kepha aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma anamehlo ayinqaba amukelekile ngokuhlangana okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izindlebe zincane futhi zincane, zizwakalisa kakhulu. Lapho inja ikhululekile, iqondiswa emuva futhi eceleni kancane.
Lapho elalele, ingxenye engezansi yendlebe iyakhuphuka, ichopho lihamba ngokukhululeka liye phambili. Umbono ophelele wenja: umusa, ubuhlakani nokulalelisisa.
AmaCollies anezinwele ezinde nezinwele ezimfishane. Banengubo ephindwe kabili nengubo yangaphansi emfushane futhi eminyene.
Esikhathini esifushane esifushane kakhulu, ihembe langaphandle lifushane, liqinile, liqinile futhi libushelelezi. Izinwele ezinde ezithandwayo zinokuthinta okuqondile nokuqinile, kukhulu kakhulu.
Kukhona umhlwenga onethezekayo entanyeni, nephalemu ngemuva kwemilenze nomsila. Izinwele ezimfishane nezibushelelezi kuphela kumlomo wesifonyo, ezindlebeni nasemilenzeni yangaphambili.
Kokubili ukuhluka kuvela ngemibala emithathu: i-sable (i-shades kusuka egolide elikhanyayo kuya emnyama, noma i-sable emnyama), i-tricolor (emnyama enezimpawu ezibomvu ngokubomvu emilenzeni nasekhanda) ne-blue merle (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enamabala amnyama nemithambo) ...
Uhlamvu
Ziyizinja ezithembekile nezinothando, ezigxile kubantu ngendlela emangalisayo. Bakhetha ukuchitha isikhathi sabo esiningi nemindeni yabo, futhi bahlupheke ngendlela emangalisayo ngaphandle kokuxhumana.
Akufanelekile ukugcina iketanga noma ngisho egcekeni, ngisho nalabo abangekho ekhaya isikhathi eside kufanele bacabangisise ngaphambi kokuthola inja enjalo.
Ngenxa yokunamathela kwawo emndenini, ama-collies ayaxwayisa ngabantu angabazi. Yize bengenabo ubungane, kuyaqabukela bakhombise ukuhlukumeza umuntu, futhi ngokuhlangana nabantu okufanelekile bangaba nobungane impela. Uma begwema abantu abangabazi, khona-ke hhayi ekuhlukumezeni, kodwa ekuzameni.
Ukuzwela nokubukela, benza izinsimbi ezinhle zokwazisa ngabantu abangabazi. Kepha, njengenja yokuqapha, babuthakathaka, abanye babamele lolu hlobo bazobingelela abantu abangabazi, kanti abanye bayobaleka ngokwesaba.
Le yinja yomndeni, enenhlalo efanelekile, izwana kakhulu nezingane. Banobumnene futhi bayadlala nabo, ukuphela kwento abakwaziyo (njengazo zonke izinja ezelusayo) ukuncinda izingane ukuzilawula. Ngakho-ke umuzwa wabo wemvelo ubatshela, ngoba yile ndlela abalawula ngayo izimvu eziyiziphukuphuku.
Kepha, lokhu kuyicala elingavamile, futhi uma lokhu kwenzeka, kususwa kalula ngosizo lokuqeqeshwa. Bazwana kabi emindenini lapho kwenzeka khona amahlazo noma izimpi, bayazwela ngokomzwelo baze bagule uma behlala bexabana emndenini.
AmaCollies azwana kahle nezinye izilwane, kufaka phakathi izinja. Zisebenza ngokubambisana, futhi izinga eliphansi lokuhlukumeza ezihlotsheni kuyinto ejwayelekile yalolu hlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lijabule ngezinye izinja, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zazo.
Futhi amakhulu eminyaka yokuphila komalusi abafundise ukuzwana nezinye izilwane. Yize bedinga ukuzibandakanya nabantu, bafunda ngokushesha futhi abathambekele ekucasuleni omakhelwane babo. Kuyiqiniso, banethuku lokulawula ezinye izidalwa, ezingacasula kakhulu amakati.
Abelusi baseScotland bahlakaniphe ngendlela eyisimanga futhi bayaqeqeshwa. Yize ama-collies esimanje elahlekelwe amanye amandla awo okusebenza, lolu hlobo luhlala luhlakaniphile futhi lusheshe lusebenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bashukunyiswa kakhulu ukujabulisa lowo muntu. Uma singazibandakanyi izinto zensizakalo yokuvikela, lohlobo olungenalo ikhono, khona-ke ayikho imisebenzi engenakwenzeka ngalo.
Izindlela zokuqeqesha nokuhlukumeza azidingi nje kuphela, kepha futhi ziyaphikisana. Ukuzwela, abazi ukuthi kufanele basabele kanjani kubo, ngoba vele bafuna ukujabulisa. Ukudumisa kusebenza kaningi kangcono, kepha ama-collies azokwenza konke ukwelashwa.
Ngisho nalezo zinja ezinenkani zinkulu ngokubekezela.
Yize izinja eziningi ezelusayo zinamandla kakhulu futhi zidinga ukuzivocavoca umzimba (noma umsebenzi ongcono), ama-collies awanalo. Babizwa nangokuthi amazambane asofa okombhede, njengoba iningi likhululekile.
Yize kunjalo, lena yinja yokwelusa futhi ukuhamba okukodwa noma okubili ngesonto akumfaneli. Ukuhamba nsuku zonke, noma ukugijima okungcono, kuzolunga kubo. Empeleni, le akuyona inkinga enkulu, ngoba iningi labantu bakuleli dolobha, izidingo zomsebenzi womzimba zingenzeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo, ngaphandle kwalokho inja ingahle ibe yingozi, idlamke kakhulu, noma ikhonkothe. Lapho inja ithola indawo yamandla ayo, ihlala ikhululekile futhi izolile.
Azisekho ukusebenza ngokweqile, kepha ngisho nama-collies anamuhla akhetha imisebenzi efana nokushesha noma ukwalusa. Ziyizinja eziguquguqukayo ezilungele imindeni esebenzayo kanye nabahlali basemadolobheni abamatasa.
Zaziwa ngemikhuba nokuhlanzeka kwazo, amakolishi amaningi azonda ukungcola futhi ahlanzekile kakhulu. Yize kwenzeka, ukugijima odakeni nokukuletha ekhaya akuyona imvelo yohlobo. Kuliqiniso, lokhu akubasindisi kudoti omncane, abawuqoqa ngoboya babo njengomshanelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abajwayele ukuququda izinto, bakwenza ngobumnene. Ngisho namathoyizi ayawahlafuna futhi awaphathe ngomlomo kunokuwaququda.
Kukhona inkinga eyodwa ejwayelekile - bayathanda futhi bayakwazi ukukhonkotha. Ngisho nokukhonkotha okulalela kakhulu nokuqeqeshwe kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Kukho konke zilungele abahlala emadolobheni, kepha umsindo ungabacasula omakhelwane.
Ngokuqondene nomehluko wobuntu phakathi kweRough and Smooth Collie, akukho okuningi kwakho. Ikakhulukazi izinja zaseMelika, lapho ziwela khona. Abanikazi bathi umehluko ungobumnene kuphela.
Izinwele ezimfushane zinobungane futhi ziyajabulisa ngokwengeziwe, kuyilapho zinenwele ezinde, izethulo ezinamahloni.
Kodwa-ke, umehluko phakathi kwabo mncane futhi abanikazi abaningi ngeke nje bababone.
Ukunakekela
Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi yini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuhluka kokuzilungisa. Ngenkathi ama-collies anezinwele ezimfishane adinga ukuxubha amahlandla ambalwa ngesonto, kuma-collies anezinwele ezinde kuyathandeka nsuku zonke, okuthatha isikhathi.
Akuvamile, kepha ziyasikwa, kaningi ukuze inja imelane nokushisa kwehlobo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kubi engubeni futhi kungenzeka kungakhuli kubuyele esimeni sayo sangaphambilini. Kwabesilisa abathenjiwe, ijazi liba buthambile, kepha futhi lithambekele kakhulu kumata.
Zichitha okuningi, nokwehluka kokubili. Uboya bungamboza phansi, ifenisha namakhaphethi, kepha kuyabonakala kakhulu kulabo abanezinwele ezinde.
Ziyaxuba unyaka wonke, kepha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka. Kubantu abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nalabo abangazithandi izinwele zezinja, lolu hlobo alufanelekile.
Ezempilo
Kubhekwa njengokuzalwa okunempilo, kakhulu impela. Banenkinga yezifo zofuzo ezimbalwa kunezinye izinhlobo ezihlanzekile. Bazalelwa umsebenzi, futhi kwakungekho ndawo yezinja ezigulayo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, bahlukaniswa njengezinja eziphila isikhathi eside, ezinempilo yeminyaka eyi-12-14, kepha imvamisa i-15-16.
Banesifo esithile, i-collie eye anomaly noma i-CEA (Collie Eye Anomaly). Yize kusenzeka, imizamo yabafuyi ikwehlise kakhulu ukusabalala.
Ubukhulu buyahlukahluka, kusuka kuzinguquko ezincane emikhunjini yamehlo, kuya kuthimba le-retinal, kepha amacala amaningi amnene ukuya kokulinganayo. Lesi sifo sitholakala sinamasonto ayisithupha ubudala futhi asiqhubeki njengoba ukhula.
AmaCollies nezinhlobo eziningana ezihlobene kakhulu zizwela kakhulu emithini ethile. Yize lokhu kuzwela kwaziwa ngodokotela bezilwane, kungcono uqiniseke ukuthi okwakho nakho kuyenzeka.
Njengabantu, ukusabela kungahluka kusukela ekuhlanzeni nase kuhudo kuye ekushayweni kwe-anaphylactic nokufa.
