I-English Mastiff ingenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zezinja ezinesisindo nokuphakama. Bakhuliswa amakhulu eminyaka eNgilandi ukuvikela nokuqapha impahla futhi beyizinja ezinolaka. Izinja zesimanje azizikhulu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zithambile ngemvelo.
Izifushaniso
- Ama-miffiffs adinga ukuzivocavoca umzimba kanye nokusebenza, kepha cabanga izinga lokushisa ngaphandle kwewindi. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwesifonyo nobukhulu, zishisa kalula futhi zingafa.
- Ngaphandle komsebenzi nokuzijabulisa, uMastiff waseNgilandi angacindezeleka futhi abe nesithukuthezi. Futhi kubuhlungu ekhaya lakho nasekhukhwini.
- Ziyaconsa amathe, kepha hhayi kakhulu njengezinye izinhlobo. Uma ungakakulungeli lokhu, khona-ke kungcono ukukhetha uhlobo ngaphandle kokumiswa kwesikhala.
- Ngaphandle kwesimo esihle ezinganeni, le nja akuyona inketho enhle kakhulu emindenini enezingane ezincane nabantu abadala. Vele ngenxa yobukhulu, lapho inja ishaya ingane ngokunganaki iyishayisa phansi.
- Bangahlala kalula efulethini noma endlini yangasese enamagceke amancane, inqobo nje uma behamba ngezinyawo. Okufanelekile - endlini yangasese negceke elikhulu.
- Banomzwelo oqinile wokuvikela futhi, ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuhle, bangakubonisa ngokungalungile. Umdlwane kufanele wethulwe kwezinye izilwane, abantu, iphunga, nezimo.
- Ukuzijabulisa umdlwane wakho kuzomsiza aphile impilo ejabulisayo, ekhululekile. Ngaphandle kwako nokuqeqeshwa, zingaba nolaka kwezinye izinja, futhi amandla nobukhulu bazo kwenza ulaka olunjalo lube yingozi kakhulu.
- Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ijazi labo kulula ukunakekelwa, liphuma kakhulu.
- Njengoba ikhule futhi ilahlekelwe amandla ayo e-puppy, iMastiff ingumngane omuhle kakhulu. Ukuzola, ukuthula, ukulawuleka nokuzethemba.
- Zingaba ababheki abahle kakhulu, kepha zikhonkothe ngaphansi kwezinye izinja.
- Kuyadingeka ukuthatha inkambo yokuqeqeshwa, ngoba akulula ukulawula inja yalolu sayizi. Azinconywa kubathandi bezinja abangenalwazi noma abantu abangazethembi.
- Bahoxa futhi banomsindo omkhulu.
- Ukuvilapha nokuthola isisindo, ukuhamba nsuku zonke kubagcina besesimweni.
- Zonke izinja ziyajabula uma zihlala endlini nomndeni wazo futhi ama-mastiffs awahlukile. Kufanele zigcinwe endlini, hhayi edokodweni noma ezindizeni, ngoba zihlukanisiwe nomndeni futhi ziqala ukuhlupheka.
- Ungalokothi uthenge umdlwane kumthengisi ongaziwa. Ukonga imali kungakufaka enkingeni enkulu. Xhumana nezinkulisa ezifakazelwe, lapho zizokusiza ekukhetheni nasekuqhubekeni kokondliwa.
Umlando wozalo
Izinja ezinkulu zihlale ziheha abantu, zazisetshenziswa lapho kuzingelwa amabhubesi, amahlosi, amabhere nasezimpini zezilwi.
Zikhonjiswe emifanekisweni yase-Asiriya, ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ashurbanipal futhi kungenzeka babe okhokho bama-mastiffs esiNgisi sanamuhla, kepha alukho ucwaningo lofuzo olwenziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizwe samaKassite sinezithombe zezinja ezinkulu, futhi baphila eminyakeni eyinkulungwane ngaphambili.
Izinhlobo ezaqalwa kuzo ama-mastiff zisaphikisana namanje. Kukholelwa ukuthi lena yinja yesizwe sama-Alan, ethuthele endaweni yaseFrance yanamuhla ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-5.
Kwakungu-Alans ababa yisisekelo seCanes Pugnaces Britanniae - inja elwayo yamaBrithani, njengoba amaRoma ayibiza kanjalo. Lezi zinja zawahlaba umxhwele amaRoma kangangoba azithwala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ebe eziwela ngezinhlobo zazo. Kusukela ekunqobeni kwamaRoma iBrithani kuye eNkathini Ephakathi, lezi zinja bezisetshenziswa njengabalindi, emigodini yokulwa nasezimpini zokulwa.
Ukugoba umgodi sekuphenduka umdlalo othandwa kakhulu eNgilandi, ikakhulukazi ukubheja kwezinkunzi (ukubheja izinkunzi) kanye nokulahla ubhiya (ukubheja kwebhere). Ama-Mastiffs amaNgisi sekuyisikhathi eside ewuhlobo oluphambili olusetshenziswa kuzo, kepha kusukela ngekhulu le-15 ziye zashintshwa kancane kancane ngamaBulldogs. Kuze kube ngo-1835, bahlanganyela ezimpini, kodwa-ke lo mbukiso ononya awuvunyelwe ngumthetho.
Imithetho nayo iyashintsha, akusadingeki izinja ezingadabula umuntu, kepha ziyadingeka ezizokwethusa zibambe. Ukuvalwa kwemigodi yokulwa, ukwakheka kwemithetho kuholela ekutheni ngo-1860 abe esethambe kangangokuba abalimi kufanele bawawele ngezinkunzi ezindala zamaNgisi, okuholela ekubonakaleni kwenkomo yenkomo.
Imibukiso yezinja ibilokhu ithandwa kakhulu eNgilandi kusukela cishe ngekhulu le-17, okuholele ekuveleni kozalo nezincwadi zemfuyo nokwakhiwa kwamaqembu ezinja. Amarekhodi okuqala emidlwane ye-English Mastiff atholakala ngonyaka we-1800, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamakilabhu okuthanda izizukulwane zokuqala.
Ngaleso sikhathi, bayayeka ukuba ithoyizi lamakilasi aphezulu futhi batholakale kwabaphansi. Kodwa-ke, zisabiza kakhulu ukuzinakekela futhi zigcinwa ikakhulu ngababhusha abanenyama esele. Ngenxa yalokho, ezweni labo baziwa njengeziNja zoBhusha noma izinja zenyama.
Impi Yomhlaba Yokuqala iba nomthelela omubi ekunakekelweni kwama-Mastiffs amaNgisi. Kubhekwa njengokuthanda izwe ukugcina inja edla kakhulu ngosuku kunamasosha aseWestern Front. Ngenxa yalokhu, wonke amakilabhu agunyaza izinja, ingasaphathwa eyabantu abazimele. Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, bahlala bengaphansi kakhulu kunakuqala.
Kuyiqiniso, uhlobo luyakwazi ukufika eMelika naseCanada, lapho kuvela khona inani elincane lama-mastiffs amaNgisi futhi likhula kancane. Ngenhlanhla, ngo-1929 iMastiff Club of America yadalwa, ekhuthaza lolu hlobo.
Impi Yesibili Yomhlaba ibeka lolu hlobo onqenqemeni lokusinda. Ubunzima besikhathi sempi, ukunakekelwa okubizayo nokondla kanye nezenzo zamasosha kuholele ekutheni izinja eziningana zihlala eNgilandi. Kepha futhi bayafa yisifo, kunoyedwa kuphela u-bitch ogama lakhe linguNydia wase Frithend.
Babhaliswe njenge-Mastiff yesiNgisi, kodwa ubaba wakhe akaziwa futhi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kwakuyinkunzi yenkomo. Ngisho naseMelika ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kusele ama-mastiffs ayi-14. Zonke lezo zinja eziphila namuhla zehla kulezi zinja eziyi-15.
Ngo-1948, i-English Kennel Club (UKC) yalubona ngokuphelele lolu hlobo, yize lwaluyivelakancane ngaleso sikhathi. Njengoba zazimbalwa kakhulu izinja ezihlanzekile, kwakukhona amahemuhemu okuthi ezinye izinhlobo, kufaka phakathi ama-bullmastiffs, zazisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa. Yize bungekho ubufakazi, amathuba alokhu angaphezu kokukhulu.
Njengoba imali yabantu ikhula, ukuthandwa kwamastiffs nakho kwanda. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka laba beqapha futhi belwa nezinja. Kodwa-ke, ama-mastiffs anamuhla athambile kakhulu ukuba asebenze njengonogada futhi esikhundleni sawo kwathathwa abelusi baseJalimane, uCane Corso noRottweilers.
Kepha baba izinja ezihamba phambili ezinhle futhi kulabo bantu abakulungele ukunakekela ama-mastiffs, injabulo yangempela. Ngokumangazayo, lezi zinja ezinkulu namuhla zingabangane nje bomuntu, yize zingaba onogada futhi zenze kahle kwezemidlalo.
Incazelo
I-English Mastiff luhlobo olubonakalayo futhi lubhekwa njengesibonelo sawo wonke amalungu eqembu laseMolossian. Into yokuqala ebamba iso lakho usayizi omangalisayo wenja. Yize kunezinhlobo zezinja eziphakeme kakhulu, njenge-wolfhound yase-Ireland, zidlula ama-mastiffs ngokulingana.
Le ngenye yezinja ezisinda kakhulu emhlabeni, unondindwa omncane unesisindo esingu-55 kg, eziningi ngaphezu kuka-72 kg, kanti ezinye zifinyelela kuma-91 kg. Abesilisa basinda ukwedlula amaqhubu futhi banesisindo esisuka ku-68 kuye ku-113 kg, futhi lezi izibalo zezilwane ezisesimweni esihle, ezikhuluphele zingaba nesisindo esingaphezulu
Inja enkulu kunazo zonke eyake yabhaliswa i-mastiff enkulu okuthiwa u-Aicama Zorba waseLa Susa enesisindo esingu-156 kg. Ngokusho kweGuinness Book of Records, ngoMashi 1989 wafinyelela kuma-89 cm lapho ebuna, futhi wayenezinyanga eziyi-7 kuphela ubudala. Lokhu kucishe kulingane nembongolo encane. Ngemuva kuka-2000, iGuinness Book yenqaba ukubhalisa izilwane ezinkulu noma ezisindayo.
Amazinga ahlukene abiza izinombolo ezahlukahlukene zokuphakama kwezinja lapho zibuna, ngokwesibonelo, ku-AKC kungu-76 cm wezinja kanye no-70 cm wama-bitches. Khumbula ukuthi lezi izinombolo eziphansi, futhi ama-mastiffs angaphakama kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinde kunokuphakama futhi zinkulu kakhulu. Isifuba esibanzi, amathambo aminyene, imilenze efanayo ngogqinsi lweziqu zemithi. Azinamafutha, kunalokho abaphikisi abanemisipha ngisho nabadlali uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Umsila ujiyile, kepha uthepha ngasekupheleni, uphakama esimweni sokujabula.
Ikhanda lihleli entanyeni ejiyile ukuthi ukuguquka kusuka kokunye kuye kwesinye kunzima ukukuqaphela. Likhulu, libanzi futhi lijulile, kepha hhayi lide kakhulu. Ama-Mastiffs amaNgisi awuhlobo lwe-brachycephalic, okusho ukuthi isifonyo esifinyeziwe, njengokungathi siminze kugebhezi.
Ikhanda lonke, ikakhulukazi isifonyo, limbozwe imibimbi, miningi futhi iminyene, kwesinye isikhathi ivala amehlo. Ezindebeni, zakha izindiza.
Amehlo acwile, mancane futhi abanzi ahlukene. Izindlebe nazo zincane kakhulu, zimise okonxantathu ngamathiphu ayindilinga, zilenga phansi ezihlathini.
Ibhantshi liphindwe kabili, linengubo yangaphansi ethambile futhi eminyene nehembe eliphezulu elifushane, eliqondile neliqinile. Imibala eyamukelekayo: izinyamazane, ibhilikotsi, izinyamazane zesiliva, izinyamazane ezimnyama, i-brindle, i-fawn.
Onke ama-Mastiffs amaNgisi anomaski omnyama ezifweni zawo, amboza isifonyo namehlo. Imidlwane izalwa ingenaso isifihla-buso, kodwa ayikwazi ukubamba iqhaza embukisweni. Izinga lokuzala livumela isichibi esincane esimhlophe esifubeni, ikakhulukazi ku-fawn.
Uhlamvu
Kwake kwaba ngenye yezindlela ezinonya kakhulu zokulwa, kepha namuhla umngani ozolile futhi omnene, yilokho i-Mastiff yesiNgisi eyikho. Banamazinga aphakeme kakhulu futhi bavikelekile ekuguqukeni kwemizwelo. Badume ngokuzinikela kwabo okungapheli, ukuthanda umndeni wabo. Uma inja ingenakuba nomndeni wayo, khona-ke iba nesizungu.
Enye inkinga ukuthi o-mastiffs bazibona njengezinja, abakwaziyo ukulala emathangeni omnikazi. Uyakhumbula ukuthi zingalinganisa kangakanani?
Njengezinye izinhlobo, ukuxhumana nabantu kubalulekile kuma-mastiffs, futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, kubaluleke kakhulu. Inja ekhuliswe kahle izokhula ibe nokuzola, ukuzethemba nokuhlonipha. Abanye bangaba namahloni futhi babe namahloni, okuyinkinga enkulu ngokunikezwa usayizi wabo.
Imvamisa abaphathi bamaNgisi abasheshi ukwenza abangane, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bayafudumala futhi bajwayele. Banomzwelo onamandla wokuvikela ongagcini nje egcekeni, kepha nasemndenini. Uma kunesidingo, inja ngeke ivumele noma yimuphi umphikisi, ngeke ivumele ukungena ensimini, kodwa ngokwayo ayigijimeli ekuhlaseleni kusukela ekuthimuleni okuncane. Ukuze agijime, udinga ukwenza imizamo emikhulu, futhi lo ongenayo uzochitha isikhathi esimnandi egonamathele odongeni noma emhlabathini kuze kube yilapho umnikazi efika futhi ethatha isinqumo sokuthi enzeni ngaye.
Ebudlelwaneni nezingane, lezi zinja ziyizingelosi ezinkulu ezinomusa. Akukhona nje ukuthi zithambile ngendlela eyisimanga nazo, kepha futhi zibekezelela ukudlala okunzima kusuka ezinganeni. Ngaphandle kokuthi imidlwane emincane ingashaye ingane ingahlosile ngesikhathi semidlalo yayo, njengoba yona inkulu futhi inamandla, kepha iyiziphukuphuku.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi izinhlobo eziningi ezifanayo zizonda ezinye izinja, ama-Mastiffs amaNgisi aziphatha kahle. Izinja ezisebenzisana nabantu zibekezelela abantu ezingabazi, futhi zihlalisana kahle nezinja ezihlala nabo endlini eyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yemvelo yabo emnene, ngisho nezinja ezincane nezinobungozi ziyabekezelelwa.
Kepha, konke kuya ngenja ethize, ezinye zingaba namandla noma zibe nolaka ezinjeni zobulili obufanayo. Lokhu kuhlukumezeka akunakunakwa, njengoba inja yalolu sayizi ingabulala enye kalula, ngomzamo omncane noma ngaphandle komzamo.
Ngokuphathelene nezinye izilwane, isibonelo, amakati, azolile. Kepha kuphela uma bekhuliswe kahle.
Amazinga okuqeqesha amaMastiff ayahluka ngokwenja kunenja kunezinye izinhlobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inja ehlakaniphile kakhulu ezimisele ukujabulisa umnikazi wayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unenkani futhi kunzima ukufundisa. Uma uqala ukuqeqesha umdlwane kusenesikhathi, khona-ke babamba izisekelo zokulalela endizeni, kepha abavuthiwe sebevele banenkani. Inja ekhuliswe kahle ivikela konke ekubheka njengempahla yomnikazi.
Isibonelo, uma uyishiya eduze kwebhayisikili, kuzoba ngcono kunokhiye webhayisikili omuhle kakhulu.
Noma befuna ukujabulisa, bangavele bathathe isinqumo sokuthi sebenelisekile ngoqeqesho futhi bafuna ukuphumula.
Izinga lenkani lincike enjeni, ezinye ziyizikhathi nje, ezinye zinenkani kukho konke ukuphila kwazo futhi azihambi ngale kwemiyalo eyisisekelo.
Okungafanele kwenziwe ngokungacacile ukumemeza. Ama-Miffiffs asabela kangcono kakhulu ekuqiniseni okuhle nasezibiliboco. Yize kungeyona inzalo evelele, le nja enokuzethemba izothatha indawo yomholi uma ingenalutho. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi umnikazi agcine isikhundla esivelele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ama-Mastiffs amaNgisi akumangalisi ngokumangazayo uma kukhulunywa ngomsebenzi. Angamazambane ombhede osofa abangakwazi ukungcola amahora amaningi. Kodwa-ke, njengezinye izinhlobo, kumele zithole imithwalo nokuzijabulisa ukuze zingabi nesithukuthezi.
Imithwalo ibagcina besesimweni esihle somzimba futhi balahle izinkinga zengqondo. Ngokufanelekile, lolu uhambo olude, futhi ngaphandle kokugijima, ngoba abakuthandi ukugijima. Ngaphandle kokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifonyo se-brachycephalic asibavumeli ukuba baphefumule ngokukhululeka, khumbula lokhu futhi ungahambi ekushiseni. Kuhle uma unendlu yangasese futhi unegceke, kepha akunandaba ukuthi umastiff uhlala efulethini. Inja enkulu kangaka ingahlala kuyo ngaphandle kwenkinga.
Abanikazi abangaba khona kudingeka bazi ukuthi ama-mastiffs akuyona inja yama-aesthetes. Ziconsisa amathe kakhulu. Izandla, ifenisha, okhaphethi kuzombozwa ngayo. Bahogela, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho belala, futhi banikezwe usayizi wenja, bahogela kakhulu.
Izindiza zazo azibavumeli ukuthi badle kahle, futhi ukudla namanzi kundiza kusuka endishini kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Kepha, into ebi kakhulu ukukhohlisa. Adedela amagesi kaningi kunezinye izinja, futhi amavolumu anamandla amakhulu kangangokuba udinga ukuphuma ekamelweni uvule umoya.
Ukunakekela
Kulula kakhulu. Ijazi elifushane futhi elimnyama alidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi, kuphela ukuxubha okuvamile. Ukuphela kwento edinga ukunakekelwa njalo imibimbi ebusweni. Zivale ukungcola, igrisi nezithukuthuku, ukudla namanzi kuyanqwabelana.
Lokhu kuholela ukucasuka nokuvuvukala. Okufanelekile, imibimbi kufanele ihlanzwe ngemuva kokuphakelwa ngakunye. Udinga ukondla ama-2-3 ngosuku, kepha khumbula ubungozi be-volvulus.
Ezempilo
Ama-Miffiffs aphethwe yizifo eziningi. Lezi yizo zonke izifo izinhlobo ezinkulu ezijwayelene nezinkinga zokuphefumula ngenxa yesifonyo se-brachycephalic.
Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe sicishe sibe yiminyaka eyi-7, yize bengaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-11. Ngokuphila okuncane kangako, nabo bahlushwa yizifo zamalunga nezitho zokuphefumula.
Kepha, inkinga eyingozi kakhulu i-volvulus.
Kwenzeka lapho amathumbu enja esontekile ngaphakathi kwenja. Izinja ezinkulu ikakhulukazi zilahlwe kuye, ngesifuba esijulile, njenge-mastiff yesiNgisi.
Ngaphandle kokuthola usizo oluphuthumayo (ukuhlinzwa), ukuqunjelwa kuholela ekufeni kwesilwane. Inkinga ukuthi ikhula ngokushesha futhi ibulale ngokushesha. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani kungenakugwenywa ngokuphelele, kepha gwema ukondla inja yakho ngaphambi kokuhamba futhi wondle ezingxenyeni ezincane kaningana ngosuku.
