Inja eyi-Samoyed noma i-Samoyed dog (i-English Samoyed dog) uhlobo lwenja lwakudala, olweqembu "i-Spitz nezinhlobo zokuqala zezinja." Kuyinja esebenza ngezindlela eziningi ebisetshenziswa ngabantu basenyakatho empilweni yansuku zonke. Uyakwazi ukudonsa izihlibhi, azingele, aqaphe, adle izinyamazane futhi enze noma yini edingekayo ukuze aphile impilo enzima.
Izifushaniso
- Ijazi labo lihle, kepha ubuningi nokunakekelwa kwalo kungabonakala kuyisidina.
- Zincibilika kabili ngonyaka kakhulu, sonke isikhathi ngokulingana. Kuzoba noboya obuningi, budinga ukukhishwa njalo.
- Abathandi ukuhlala phansi futhi bathande ukukhuthala.
- Bathanda iqhwa futhi abazizwa kahle lapho kushisa.
- Ubuso obumomothekayo benja eyi-Samoyed budlulisa ngokunembile umlingiswa wayo. Unenhliziyo enhle, unobungane futhi uyazithanda izingane.
Umlando wozalo
Inja eyi-Samoyed ingeyezinhlobo zasendulo zezinja ezazihlala nabantu eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule. Ngokwemvelo, cishe akukho lutho okwaziwayo ngemvelaphi yabo, ngaphandle kokuthi bakhule ezindaweni ezingazodwa ngokwendawo.
Okuningi esikwaziyo ngomlando weSamoyed ukutholwa kwemivubukulo noma ukufana ngamatshe afanayo.
Izinja zokuqala zavela kwenye indawo eNdiya noma eMpumalanga Ephakathi, futhi isimo sezulu saseSiberia sasinzima kakhulu kubo. Ngokusobala, zaziphambana nezimpisi ezingabekezelela amakhaza noma ezifuywayo impisi yasendaweni emhlophe.
Uhlobo lwesibili kungenzeka kakhulu, ngoba zonke izinja zasenyakatho ziyafana. Lezi zinja zihlangene eqenjini elibizwa ngeSpitz.
Zibonakala ngejazi elide, elimbili, izindlebe eziqondile, umsila ogobile ngemuva nokubukeka okufana nempisi. Kunenqwaba yama-spitz: Akita Inu, Husky, Alaskan Malamute, Chow Chow, Russian-European Laika nabanye. Ngokusho kwemibono ehlukahlukene, iminyaka yabo isukela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu kuya kweziyisi-7 BC.
I-Spitz ikwazi ukujwayela impilo ezindaweni ezisendaweni yesimo sezulu se-arctic kanye ne-subarctic. Babekezelela amazinga okushisa abulala abantu ngokushesha, kuyilapho bekwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade befuna ukudla ngaphansi kweqhwa. ISpitz iyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yanoma yisiphi isizwe esiphila kulezi zimo ezinzima.
Bathutha izimpahla, bavikele ezilwaneni nakubantu, basize ekuzingeleni. Ukube bekungekho ngalezi zinja, khona-ke iningi lamazwe asenyakatho belingeke lisahlalwa kuze kube namuhla. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakhiwa ama-sleds futhi ukunyakaza kwashesha kakhulu, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezingasetshenziswanga kwakungeke kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuzondla.
Utshani abutholakali, kodwa izinja zingayidla inyama. Futhi izihlibhi zezinja zahlala kungukuphela kwento yokuhamba kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18.
Ngemuva kokusungulwa kwesihlibhi, okhokho bezizwe zakwaSamoyed baqala ukukhetha izinja ngokwazi kwazo ukudonsa umsebenzi.
Ushintsho olukhulu lwesibili kwaba ukufuywa kwezinyamazane.
Ngenkathi ezolimo zisathuthuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu, izinyamazane zifuywa ezifundeni ezisenyakatho futhi umsebenzi wengezwa ezinjeni.
Ngenkathi iSiberia ibonakala ingenampilo, empeleni iyikhaya lamaqembu ezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, bahlukaniswa kwaze kwaba seqophelweni elithile, okungukuthi, kuze kube ukunqotshwa kweSiberia ngabahlali baseRussia.
Abakholoni bokuqala babengaqondi umehluko phakathi kwezizwe futhi babahlanganisa baba ngamaqembu ngendlela ezwakalayo kubo.
Imvamisa, le nhlangano yenzeka ngesisekelo solimi, yize abantu abahlukahlukene babekwazi ukulukhuluma. Elinye lala maqembu kwakungu-Samoyeds noma ama-Samoyeds (nawo futhi "ama-samoyad", "ama-samoyedins"), owayekhuluma umndeni wolimi lwase-Uralic futhi wahlanganisa izizwe eziningi. Leli qembu lifaka phakathi: amaNenet, ama-Enet, ama-Nganasans, ama-Selkups kanye namaKamasins anyamalala, amaKoibals, ama-motors, amaTaigian, amaKaragas namaSoyots.
Igama lenja yeSamoyed livela egameni lesizwe futhi lizwakala lixaka kumuntu wanamuhla. Zonke lezi zizwe zazigcina izinja zifana kakhulu, ezazishintshashintsha, kepha ikakhulu zisetshenziselwa ukwelusa izinyamazane. Lezi zinja zazinesimilo esithambile ukwedlula yonke enye i-Spitz futhi zazaziswa kakhulu amaNenet, ayelala nawo ngokoqobo.
Inkazimulo iza kulezi zinja kanye nemikhankaso esezindaweni eziphakeme ezizama ukunqoba abasePoland baseNingizimu naseNyakatho. Uma ekuqaleni babephathwa kuphela njengendlela yokufeza umgomo, kamuva njengabangane abathembekile nabanokwethenjelwa.
Ukuvela kokuqala kwenja yeSamoyed eGreat Britain kwenzeka ngo-1889, lapho uRobert Scott, omunye wabatholi baseNingizimu Pole, eletha izinja eziningana ohambweni lwakhe. Izinja ezingama-Samoyed zaziphethwe yiRussia Tsar Alexander III neNdlovukazi yaseBrithani u-Alexandra.
Abazalisi bamaNgisi baqala ukwenza uhlobo lwazo lube sezingeni futhi balukhulisa lwaba uhlobo lwesimanje. Olunye lwezinguquko kwaba ukumiswa kombala ngokujwayelekile nokufuduswa kokumnyama noma onsundu kuwo. Izinja ezi-Samoyed ziphenduka zibe mhlophe, ukhilimu noma zimhlophe ngezindawo zamabhisikidi.
Impi Yomhlaba Yokuqala yamisa ukuhlolwa kwasenyakatho kwathi ekupheleni kwempi ukuthandwa kwenja yeSamoyed kwehla kakhulu. Esinye sezizathu ukuthi abafuyi bazishintsha izinja zaze zalahleka izimfanelo zabo zokusebenza. Okunye ukuthi abacwaningi baziswa ngezinhlobo zezinja ezaziphanjiswa nje, njengenja yaseGreenland.
Lezi zinja bezishesha kakhulu futhi zinamandla kunama-Samoyed. Kepha, ukubaluleka okukhulu kudlalwe uthando lwabacwaningi baseMelika bezinye izinhlobo. Bakhethe uHusky, Alaskan Malamute noma uChinook.
Inja eyi-Samoyed isaligcina ikhono layo lokusebenza futhi abanye abanikazi bayo bayayisebenzisa emsebenzini wabo.
Kepha, izinja ezihlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile azisakwazi ukubhekwa njengezinja ezinosizi. Baba izinja ezihambisana nabo namaqhawe ombukiso.
Yebo, futhi bavame ngokulingene, ikakhulukazi ngoba inja yeSamoyed ayikaze ithandwe njengeMalamute noma iHusky. Iningi labalimi lijabule ngalesi simo, ngoba isakhi sofuzo sikhulu ngokwanele, inja iyadingeka, kepha hhayi ukuthi, ngenzuzo yokuthola imali, iguqule uhlobo lube uhlobo olugulayo noluntekenteke.
Ngo-2010, inja iSamoyed yabekwa endaweni yama-72 kwinani lezinhlobo ezibhalisiwe ze-AKC, ezinhlotsheni eziyi-167.
Incazelo yohlobo
Inja eyi-Samoyed iyathandwa ngejazi layo elimhlophe kanokusho futhi iphakamise izingxenyana zezindebe, inikeze inja ubuso obumoyizelayo. Lolu hlobo luyiSpitz ejwayelekile, isiphambano phakathi kwezinja ezihamba nazo zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu nezinja zesihlibhi zaseSiberia naseNyakatho Melika.
Lezi yizinja ezinosayizi ophakathi nendawo, abesilisa ababunayo bafinyelela kuma-54-60 cm, abesifazane abangama-50-56 cm.Abesilisa banesisindo esingu-25-30 kg, abesifazane abayi-17-25 kg. Iningi lomzimba lifihlwe ngaphansi kwejazi, kepha linemisipha futhi linamandla. Luhlobo olulinganayo, ubude bude kancane kunokuphakama.
Zinamandla kakhulu, zibukeka zicishe ziwugqinsi, kodwa lokhu kungenxa yejazi lazo elijiyile. Umsila ubude obuphakathi nendawo, uthwalwa ngemuva noma ohlangothini olulodwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Lapho inja ikhululekile, iyehlisela emgodini.
Inhloko nesifonyo kuyalingana nomzimba, kepha kubonakala kukuncane ngenxa yobuningi bezinwele zomzimba. Ikhanda limise okwekhanda, lifana nempisi. Isifonyo sifushane kodwa sibanzi futhi sinamandla.
Isici esivelele sohlobo yizindebe zaso. Imnyama, icindezelwe ngokuqinile, futhi izingqimba zezindebe zikhuphukela phezulu phezulu, zakha ukumamatheka kwesici.
Ngezinye izikhathi babizwa nangokuthi izinja ezimomothekayo. Amehlo abaluleke kakhulu njengoba enza ngcono umphumela. Zilinganiswe ngosayizi omaphakathi, nsundu ngokujiyile, ezimise okwe-alimondi, nohlaka olumnyama. Izindlebe zinobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo, ukuma okungunxantathu, zimile futhi zimiswe phezulu. Isimo ebusweni sinobungane futhi sijabule.
Kanye nokumamatheka okudumile, kwehlukanisa uhlobo nojazi. Kuningi, kuphindwe kabili ngejazi elijiyile, eliminyene nebhantshi eliqinile, eliqondile, lokugada. Umsebenzi wejazi ukuvikela inja ngokuthembekile emakhazeni naseqhweni.
Kwabesilisa, ijazi livame ukuba lide futhi liqine kunalezo ezincanyana, futhi lakha umhlwenga obonakalayo esifubeni nasentanyeni. Imfishane ekhanda, esifubeni, ngaphambili emilenzeni, kodwa yinde emsileni, entanyeni nasemuva kwemilenze.
Amabhulukwe akhiwa ngemuva kwezidladla.
Umbala wejazi: mhlophe, ukhilimu noma umhlophe ngebhisikidi. Okumhlophe ngebhisikidi kumhlophe ngamachashazi amancane ombala webhasikidi, kunalokho ngisho nokumakwa.
Uhlamvu
Inja eyi-Samoyed idume ngesimilo sayo esihle, ayinankinga futhi ijabule. Banothando, olubahlukanisa namanye amaSpitz. Ngelungu ngalinye lomndeni, inja yeSamoyed izoba umngani omkhulu, futhi yenze ubungane nabangane bomndeni. Kepha ngaphandle kwalobu bungani, bazimele ngokwemvelo. Bayakwazi ukuzibandakanya futhi ngeke baphenduke ngaphansi kwezinyawo zabo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, abahlushwa isizungu uma behlala bodwa isikhathi eside.
Ukuba ngumzali kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba bengamukela kakhulu ngokugxuma nokuzama ukukhotha ebusweni. Bangama-vociferous futhi bangaba ngabalindi abahle, noma kunjalo, ukukhonkotha kwabo kungumyalezo wokuthi othile ufikile futhi udinga ngokuphuthumayo ukuthi avunyelwe angene futhi akhe abangane. Uma umuntu ongaziwa engena endlini, uzosheshe akhothwe afe kunokulunywa.
Bazithanda kakhulu izingane, zithambile futhi ziyabacabangela nazo zihlala zingabangane abakhulu. Bathanda ukuchitha isikhathi nabo futhi badlale.
Enye yezinkinga kungaba umuzwa ophoqa iSamoyed ukuthi ilawule izilwane. Kuyiqiniso, abavamile ukusebenzisa indlela eyintandokazi yokwalusa izinja - ukuncinza imilenze.
Njengoba basebenze ngokubambisana nezinye izinja, bavame ukuzwana kahle nazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Samoyed amaningi akhetha inkampani yezinja futhi awajwayele ukubusa, indawo noma ulaka. Banobuntu obumnene obubavumela ukuba bazwane kahle ngisho nezinja ezincane kakhulu.
Banesifiso sokuzingela, kodwa silinganisela. Ngokuhlalisana okuhle, bayakwazi ukuzwana nezinye izilwane, ngisho namakati, yize bezama ukuzilawula. Inja eyi-Samoyed inemvelo yokwelusa futhi ifuna ukuqondisa ezinye izilwane nezinja.
Yizinja ezihlakaniphile futhi eziqeqeshwayo ezifuna ukufunda nokujabulisa. AmaCynologists athi inja iSamoyed iyona elula ukuyiqeqesha phakathi kweSpitz enkulu. Uma uhlangabezane nezinhlobo ezifana noHusky noma uChow Chow, khona-ke uzomangala kakhulu ngamakhono eSamoyed.
Kodwa-ke, akuyona inzalo elula ukuyiqeqesha futhi uma uke wabhekana neGolden Retriever noma iGerman Shepherd, ungahlangabezana nobunzima.
Izinja ezingama-Samoyed zizimele kakhulu emvelweni futhi zingahle zinqume ukuthi azifuni ukufunda. Lokhu akuyona inkani wonke amaSpitz adume ngayo, kepha kunalokho ukungabi nentshisekelo. Ngomzamo owanele, uzofunda konke okufunwa ngumnikazi, kepha ukuthi uzokwenza yini, uzozinqumela yena.
Yize kungenjalo, balalela kuphela labo abahloniphayo. Uma ufuna inja ezothobela noma imuphi umyalo, khona-ke lokhu akuyona neze iSamoyed. Noma, ngokubekezela okwanele, ungakha inja ecishe ilalele ngokuphelele.
Uhlobo lufuna kakhulu umsebenzi, kepha aluvumeli. Umhlali ophakathi nedolobha uyakwazi ukukufeza ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziningi kakhulu. Udinga ukuhamba okude, nsuku zonke, ukugijima okungcono. Bayakuthanda ukugijima, bangakwenza isikhathi eside, kepha abahambi njalo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhulula amandla, ngaphandle kwalokho inja iqala ukuba nesithukuthezi, iba yonakalisayo, ikhonkothe. AmaSamoyed abuthanda ubusika, agijime futhi adlale eqhweni angagijimela kulo amahora.
Abanikazi badinga ukuqaphela kakhulu lapho behlala ezindaweni ezifudumele, njengoba ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nejazi elijiyile kungaholela ekushayweni yi-heatstroke.
Bajwayele ukuzulazula futhi bahlole indawo ebazungezile, ngakho-ke lapho ugcina egcekeni, qiniseka ukuthi uthango luphezulu futhi alunazimbobo.
Ukunakekela
Kuthatha isikhathi eside, ngoba udinga ukukama uboya nsuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zichitha kakhulu, noboya buhlala bukhona endlini. Kabili ngonyaka, achitha kakhulu, lapho izinja zidinga ukukama kaningi.
Ama-pluses afaka neqiniso lokuthi awanuki, ngoba uboya buyazihlanza ngosizo lwamafutha afihlwe isikhumba. Uma inja ingavami ukugezwa, le nqubo iyaqhubeka ize iguge.
Ezempilo
Isilinganiso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bekuyizinja ezisebenzayo ezihlala enyakatho futhi zidlula ekukhetheni kwemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaSamoyed anamuhla ahlushwa ichibi lofuzo elincane (kepha hhayi elincane njengakwezinye izinhlobo), kanti ezinye izifo zizuzwa njengefa. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-12-15, yinde ngokwanele ngenja yalolu sayizi.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu yilezi: i-hip dysplasia nephritis yefa noma ifa le-Samoyed glomerulopathy. Uma zonke izinja ezinkulu zithambekele kowokuqala, khona-ke isifo sesibili siyingqayizivele.
Kuyisifo sezinso esithinta izinja ze-Samoyed futhi sincike kusethi yama-chromosomes. Abesilisa bahlupheka kaningi kunabesifazane futhi bafa kaningi, ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kuvela eneminyaka engu-2 izinyanga kuya onyakeni.
